英语相似词辨析 same, similar

same, similar

这一对形容词的涵义并不相同。

Same是“同一的”、“一样的”、“没有变的”；similar是“相像的”、“类似的”。因此，the same mistake 是“同样的错误”，a similar mistake是“类似的错误”；on the same plan是“以同一的方法”，on a similar plan是“以类似的方法”。

另一点要注意的是，same之前要用the、this或that 等词，只有在口语里例外。similar之后用to，不用with。same的名词是sameness；similar的名词是similarity。

请看下面例句：

I'm in the same class with him.

我和他在同一个班里读书。

The patient is much the same as yesterday.

病人的情况和昨日大致一样。

You can pay now or later; it's all the same to me.

你现在付也好，以后付也好，对我来说都一样。

有时候，same和this、that、these、those等词连用，可以表示嘲笑、侮蔑等意。例：

What is the use of this (that) same patience?

如此忍耐又有何用？

下面是similar的例子：

The cat and the tiger have similar features.

猫同虎有类似的特点。

A cat is similar to a tiger in many ways.

猫同虎有很多地方相像。

Gold is similar in colour to brass¹.

黄金和黄铜的颜色很相像。

A high－level delegation² has arrived for talks apparently³ aimed at trying to revive a similar relationship that has waned⁴ in recent years.

一个高层代表团到来会谈，显然想改善近年采已衰退的关系，恢复类似以前的关系。

1 brass   

n.黄铜；黄铜器，铜管乐器

参考例句：

• Many of the workers play in the factory's brass band.许多工人都在工厂铜管乐队中演奏。
• Brass is formed by the fusion of copper and zinc.黄铜是通过铜和锌的熔合而成的。

2 delegation   

n.代表团；派遣

参考例句：

• The statement of our delegation was singularly appropriate to the occasion.我们代表团的声明非常适合时宜。
• We shall inform you of the date of the delegation's arrival.我们将把代表团到达的日期通知你。

3 apparently   

adv.显然地；表面上，似乎

参考例句：

• An apparently blind alley leads suddenly into an open space.山穷水尽，豁然开朗。
• He was apparently much surprised at the news.他对那个消息显然感到十分惊异。

4 waned   

v.衰落( wane的过去式和过去分词 )；（月）亏；变小；变暗淡

参考例句：

• However,my enthusiasm waned.The time I spent at exercises gradually diminished. 然而，我的热情减退了。我在做操上花的时间逐渐减少了。 来自《用法词典》
• The bicycle craze has waned. 自行车热已冷下去了。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》