【英语语言学习】缅怀曼德拉

From VOA Learning English, this is As It Is. I’m June Simms in Washington. 

 

And I’m Mario Ritter. Today on the show we talk about the life of South African leader Nelson Mandela. The former president and Nobel Peace Prize winner died on Thursday at the age of 95. 

 

South Africa will hold a period of mourning unequaled in the nation’s history in honor of anti-apartheid leader Nelson Mandela. Mr. Mandela successfully led the effort to end South Africa’s racial separation laws and white supremacy¹ policies.

 

Crowds quickly gathered outside Mr. Mandela's home in Johannesburg to leave flowers, candles and notes celebrating the life of the man. People sang, danced and expressed their respects in the South African tradition. 

 

On Thursday, President Jacob Zuma announced that Mr. Mandela, the country's first black president, had “passed on peacefully” in the company of his family. 

 

Dressed in black, Mr. Zuma said South Africa had “lost its greatest son and our people have lost a father.” Like many South Africans, Mr. Zuma called the anti-apartheid leader by his clan² name, Madiba. 

 

“That is indeed the moment of our deepest sorrow. Yet it must also be the moment of our greatest determination. A determination to live as Madiba has lived, to strive as he has strived and to not rest until we have realized his vision of a truly united South Africa, a peaceful and prosperous Africa, and a better world.”

 

A well-wisher writes a message on a poster of Nelson Mandela on which she and others have written their messages of condolence and support, in the street outside his old house in Soweto, Johannesburg, South Africa, Dec. 6, 2013.

A well-wisher writes a message on a poster of Nelson Mandela on which she and others have written their messages of condolence and support, in the street outside his old house in Soweto, Johannesburg, South Africa, Dec. 6, 2013.

?President Jacob Zuma said the nation will hold a series of memorials leading up to Mr. Mandela's burial on Sunday, December 15. The family will hold the private burial ceremony in his ancestral home town of Qunu, in Eastern Cape³.

 

“We will spend the week mourning his passing. We will also spend it celebrating a life well-lived, a life that we must all emulate⁴ for the betterment of our country and Africa. Long live Madiba.”

 

The week of events begins this coming Sunday, with a national day of prayer. 

 

On Tuesday, public services will be held at the Soweto soccer sports center. The event is expected to draw huge crowds. Many world leaders and celebrities⁵ are expected to attend. 

 

Mr. Mandela’s last public appearance was at the Soweto Stadium on the final night of the World Cup soccer championship in 2010. 

 

Slowly, the weak, white-haired old man made his way around the field on a little golf cart. He waved, and smiled -- and the entire stadium went wild with joy. 

 

His body will next lie in state for three days in Pretoria’s Union Buildings, Mr. Mandela headquarters as South Africa’s first black president. At the same time, South African provinces will hold their own memorial services for the leader who was respected around the world for his activism. 

 

Mr. Mandela spent nearly thirty years in prison for his part in fighting to end white minority rule and official discrimination against blacks in South Africa.

 

After his release, he arose as a respected symbol of peace and reconciliation⁶ and won the Nobel Peace Prize in 1993. The following year, he became South Africa's first black president.

 

“Never, never and never again shall it be that this beautiful land will again experience the oppression of one by another.”

 

Nelson Mandela 1918-2013

Nelson Mandela 1918-2013

Nelson Mandela was born on July 18, 1918 in Transkei, South Africa. He was a member of the Madiba tribe. The Christian⁷ school where he began his education gave him the name Nelson. The young Mandela was a good student and went on to a respected secondary school. 

 

He started college in 1939. However, he was dismissed from school the next year because he took part in a student protest. It was also around this time that he started attending African National Congress meetings. Mandela officially joined the ANC in 1944 and helped form the ANC Youth League. 

 

For the next 20 years, Nelson Mandela rose in the ANC. He helped it develop more policies of stronger resistance to apartheid. He took part in civil disobedience campaigns. He formed a law firm. He was arrested several times. He became president of the organization.

 

But in 1964 he was found guilty of sabotage⁸ and other treasonous actions. The court sentenced him to life in prison. Mr. Mandela was placed in Robben Island where he remained for the next 18 years.

 

The conditions were terrible at Robben Island, especially for political prisoners. Mr. Mandela became sick with tuberculosis⁹ during his time there. He dealt with serious lung infections for the rest of his life.

 

But even prison did not stop his activism.

 

Finally, in 1990, South African President F.W. de Klerk ordered Nelson Mandela’s release from prison. He also legalized all political parties. 

 

Four years later, South Africa held its first racially open presidential election. And Nelson Mandela became the country’s first black president. 

 

Nelson Mandela and F.W. de Klerk were named joint¹⁰ winners of the 1993 Nobel Peace Prize for their work toward peace in South Africa. After receiving the award, Mr. Mandela praised the people of his country.

 

“All have created a society which recognizes that all people are born equal.”

 

That’s As It Is for today. In the News is coming up next with reaction to the death of Nelson Mandela. For more news on the South African leader visit voanews.com. I’m June Simms. And I’m Mario Ritter.

1 supremacy   

n.至上；至高权力

参考例句：

• No one could challenge her supremacy in gymnastics.她是最优秀的体操运动员，无人能胜过她。
• Theoretically,she holds supremacy as the head of the state.从理论上说，她作为国家的最高元首拥有至高无上的权力。

2 clan   

n.氏族，部落，宗族，家族，宗派

参考例句：

• She ranks as my junior in the clan.她的辈分比我小。
• The Chinese Christians,therefore,practically excommunicate themselves from their own clan.所以，中国的基督徒简直是被逐出了自己的家族了。

3 cape   

n.海角，岬；披肩，短披风

参考例句：

• I long for a trip to the Cape of Good Hope.我渴望到好望角去旅行。
• She was wearing a cape over her dress.她在外套上披着一件披肩。

4 emulate   

v.努力赶上或超越，与…竞争；效仿

参考例句：

• You must work hard to emulate your sister.你必须努力工作，赶上你姐姐。
• You must look at the film and try to emulate his behavior.你们必须观看这部电影，并尽力模仿他的动作。

5 celebrities   

n.（尤指娱乐界的）名人( celebrity的名词复数 )；名流；名声；名誉

参考例句：

• He only invited A-list celebrities to his parties. 他只邀请头等名流参加他的聚会。
• a TV chat show full of B-list celebrities 由众多二流人物参加的电视访谈节目

6 reconciliation   

n.和解，和谐，一致

参考例句：

• He was taken up with the reconciliation of husband and wife.他忙于做夫妻间的调解工作。
• Their handshake appeared to be a gesture of reconciliation.他们的握手似乎是和解的表示。

7 Christian   

adj.基督教徒的；n.基督教徒

参考例句：

• They always addressed each other by their Christian name.他们总是以教名互相称呼。
• His mother is a sincere Christian.他母亲是个虔诚的基督教徒。

8 sabotage   

n.怠工，破坏活动，破坏；v.从事破坏活动，妨害，破坏

参考例句：

• They tried to sabotage my birthday party.他们企图破坏我的生日晚会。
• The fire at the factory was caused by sabotage.那家工厂的火灾是有人蓄意破坏引起的。

9 tuberculosis   

n.结核病，肺结核

参考例句：

• People used to go to special health spring to recover from tuberculosis.人们常去温泉疗养胜地治疗肺结核。
• Tuberculosis is a curable disease.肺结核是一种可治愈的病。

10 joint   

adj.联合的，共同的；n.关节，接合处；v.连接，贴合

参考例句：

• I had a bad fall,which put my shoulder out of joint.我重重地摔了一跤，肩膀脫臼了。
• We wrote a letter in joint names.我们联名写了封信。