【英语语言学习】对待避难者和移民的方式

MARTIN: And this is For The Record.

There are 11.3 million people in the U.S. who have immigrated¹ here illegally. And as you probably heard, the presidential candidates have different opinions about how to handle them - most notably², the GOP front-runner Donald Trump³, who wants them deported⁴. Here he is speaking in Tucson, Ariz., last night.

(SOUNDBITE OF ARCHIVED RECORDING)

DONALD TRUMP: Illegal immigration is going to stop. It's dangerous. It's terrible. We either have a border or we don't. And if we don't have a border, we don't have a country. Remember that.

MARTIN: The whole immigration debate intensified⁵ a couple of years ago when a flood of women and children came across the U.S.-Mexico border.

(SOUNDBITE OF ARCHIVED RECORDING)

UNIDENTIFIED WOMAN: ...Wall of protesters blocked the road into the Murrietta Border Patrol station. The buses with many women and children turned around. A hundred and forty undocumented migrants left for another station.

MARTIN: The federal government didn't know how to handle the influx⁶, so they put these women and children in three family detention⁷ centers - two in Texas, one in Pennsylvania. Today, there are more than 1,000 people in these centers, waiting to know if they'll be allowed to stay in the U.S. For The Record today - detaining families at the border.

It was the fall of 2014, and Maria Rosa Lopez had nowhere to turn. She spoke⁸ to us through a translator.

MARIA ROSA LOPEZ: (Through interpreter) It's not easy to explain because there was a lot of violence at home. And then outside my home, I really didn't have anybody. And so I couldn't get help.

MARTIN: Her husband was abusive, and she feared for her life and the lives of her three kids.

LOPEZ: (Through interpreter) I called the police a couple of times. But they didn't show up. And that was when I really needed them. The cops are not to trust, but when you're pushed to the wall, and you don't have anybody to call, the police is the only place you can go to. But they didn't help me.

MARTIN: She was living in Honduras, which has one of the highest crime rates in Central America. Violence was all around her, and it finally got so bad Maria decided⁹ she would take her youngest child and flee. They walked to the border with Guatemala.

LOPEZ: (Through interpreter) So I knocked on someone's door when I was finally in Guatemala. I needed to wash my boy and myself. And they helped - this family helped me. And then I was able to catch a bus to the capital - to Guatemala City.

MARTIN: Maria, what had you told your son? How did you explain to him.

LOPEZ: (Through interpreter) My son was asking me to leave. He wanted to get out of Honduras. He went through a lot of violence himself.

MARTIN: From Guatemala City, she and her son crossed another border, into Mexico, and then they took a bus north to Monterey.

LOPEZ: (Through interpreter) ...The city close to the Mexico-U.S. border. I paid someone to take us across the river on a boat. It was nighttime, and we slept in the desert on the U.S. side. There were other moms and their kids there too. A Brazilian woman asked me if she could sleep next to us. The immigration officers woke us up the following morning, and they took us to a detention center.

MARTIN: The center is called Karnes, and it's outside of San Antonio, Texas. Maria and her son were some of the thousands of people who fled from Central America to the U.S. in 2014, escaping gang violence, drug war, civil war, or, in Maria's case, domestic abuse, which is considered a credible¹⁰ fear that can warrant an asylum¹¹ claim. And that's what Maria wanted - asylum so she and her son could start their lives over in the U.S. She didn't know what to expect when she got on American soil, but she didn't expect to be housed in this facility with no word on when she'd be released.

LOPEZ: (Through interpreter) I was desperate when we got there. It was hard to see my child crying. And he was asking a lot of questions. He knew that it was a detention center, and he wanted to know how long we were going to be there. We didn't know. No one was answering questions. I met people who had been there for six, eight months. And it was very depressing.

(SOUNDBITE OF MUSIC)

LOPEZ: (Through interpreter) Often, my son couldn't fall asleep. We had bunk¹² beds, and he was on top of me. But he would crawl down and wanted to be with me.

(SOUNDBITE OF MUSIC)

DENISE GILMAN: The Karnes facility, where I've worked most often, is a typical jail-like facility.

MARTIN: This is Denise Gilman. She's director of the Immigration Clinic at the University of Texas Law School, and she was one of Maria's lawyers.

GILMAN: Cinderblock walls, clanging doors, x-ray machines all over the place, buzzers¹³ that you have to use to get in and out to go see your, you know, 9-year-old client and his mom - it feels very much like a prison.

MARTIN: Denise Gilman says these women and children are seeking asylum, but they're treated like criminals. Oftentimes, they have family members who've made it to the U.S. already. And she says these new immigrants should be able to stay with their families while their cases proceed.

Is there a risk, though, that if you let these people go live with their families that they'll just go off the grid¹⁴, and they won't report when they've got court date?

GILMAN: The families have every incentive¹⁵ to appear for their hearings. They need this protection - the ability to remain in the United States with stability, with the ability to work and integrate into the community, so that they can be safe, recover from the trauma¹⁶ they've experienced, and avoid facing possible harm or death in their home countries.

MARTIN: Phil Miller¹⁷ is with ICE, which stands for Immigration and Customs Enforcement, and it's part of the Department of Homeland Security. And as you might imagine, he has a different view of the detention facilities.

PHIL MILLER: Some nongovernmental organizations are kind of promulgating¹⁸ these kind of gulag-like scenarios¹⁹ where, you know, women are locked in rooms and they can't see their children. And what you actually see is there's a school there for the children. There's gyms. There's open cafeterias. I mean, eating in the cafeteria there is no different than where my kids go to eat - you know, the school cafeteria. We take our responsibility - our custodial²⁰ and care responsibility - very seriously.

MARTIN: Miller says the facilities were the best way to respond to the crisis at the time. Advocacy groups filed legal challenges against the government for holding women and children for months. The government made changes after that. And now immigrants are expedited through family detention in a matter of weeks. Detention was supposed to deter²¹ immigrants, but there are other forces at work. Phil Miller points to criminal syndicates throughout Central America that prey²² on vulnerable people looking to flee desperate situations. And they perpetuate²³ the myth that all it takes is putting your feet on U.S. soil, and then you'll get some kind of permisos, or permit, to stay.

MILLER: But a lot of folks were convinced that if they made it to a border patrol station that they would be receiving these permisos. So really, we had to do something that historically ICE had done in very small numbers, which was devise a strategy where we could process, vet²⁴ and detain these folks that were coming to the border in these numbers, which is why we took, you know, this historical step of expanding our family detention capacity.

(SOUNDBITE OF MUSIC)

MARTIN: In 2014, at the height of the crisis, more than 136,000 unaccompanied minors²⁵ and families were apprehended²⁶ in the Rio Grande Valley.

REPRESENTATIVE ROGER WILLIAMS: Well, let me tell you - I have seen all that that you describe. And it literally²⁷ tears your heart out.

MARTIN: This is Texas Republican Congressman²⁸ Roger Williams. He's seen how border agents try to vet all the immigrants right after they've crossed into the U.S.

WILLIAMS: Maybe there's a sign above there that says ages 3 to 10. And then there's the women. And then you go to another area, and there's the 3 to 10-year-old boys, just like they had with the girls. And, I mean, it tears you apart. You know, they've got an apple, a banana, and water. And then you go and there's fathers. And then you go to another area, and there might be a dozen of the worst and meanest people in the world that they've also captured down on the border.

MARTIN: And that's the group he's most concerned about.

WILLIAMS: There's a lot of issues down there, and being from Texas and being engaged like I am, you realize it is very, very serious. But at the end of the day, we are a land of laws, and we've got to maintain American sovereignty. And we want people to come here the right way.

MARTIN: A lot of these women, they're looking for asylum, right? They're looking for a different path. They're not trying to sneak²⁹ in. They often present themselves to border patrol agents.

WILLIAMS: They do. But they're not coming from a nation, in many cases - a lot of these nations might be at war or whatever. They have different entrance programs. They're coming over for a better life for their family. I get it. But, you know, it's still - we've got to do it the right way.

MARTIN: That right way includes creating more deterrence³⁰, which is why Congressman Williams supports building a wall along the U.S.-Mexico border.

After six months in the Karnes Detention Facility, Maria's 9-year-old son was granted asylum, and she was released along with him. Maria's brother lives in Baltimore, so he flew her and her son out there to live with him. Today, Maria's son is in second grade. She works part-time cleaning at a restaurant. It's not enough to live on, but it's a start.

Is it the life you dreamed of?

LOPEZ: (Through interpreter) Not really - I didn't dream about this. But this is the way things have turned out. I'm just very thankful to God because I'm alive, I'm well, and I'm fighting for my children.

MARTIN: Maria's two teenage daughters are still in Honduras. Now that her case has been settled, Maria is going to focus her energy on bringing her other kids here too.

For the record today, that was Maria Rosa Lopez. We also heard from her lawyer, Denise Gilman, Bill Miller from the Department of Homeland Security and Texas Congressman Roger Williams.

We should also note, this past week the director of ICE, Sarah Saldana, said the federal government is considering ending the detention of women and children at the Karnes facility in Texas.

1 immigrated   

v.移入( immigrate的过去式和过去分词 )；移民

参考例句：

• He immigrated from Ulster in 1848. 他1848年从阿尔斯特移民到这里。 来自辞典例句
• Many Pakistanis have immigrated to Britain. 许多巴基斯坦人移居到了英国。 来自辞典例句

2 notably   

adv.值得注意地，显著地，尤其地，特别地

参考例句：

• Many students were absent,notably the monitor.许多学生缺席，特别是连班长也没来。
• A notably short,silver-haired man,he plays basketball with his staff several times a week.他个子明显较为矮小，一头银发，每周都会和他的员工一起打几次篮球。

3 trump   

n.王牌，法宝；v.打出王牌，吹喇叭

参考例句：

• He was never able to trump up the courage to have a showdown.他始终鼓不起勇气摊牌。
• The coach saved his star player for a trump card.教练保留他的明星选手，作为他的王牌。

4 deported   

v.将…驱逐出境( deport的过去式和过去分词 )；举止

参考例句：

• They stripped me of my citizenship and deported me. 他们剥夺我的公民资格，将我驱逐出境。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• The convicts were deported to a deserted island. 罪犯们被流放到一个荒岛。 来自《简明英汉词典》

5 intensified   

v.（使）增强， （使）加剧( intensify的过去式和过去分词 )

参考例句：

• Violence intensified during the night. 在夜间暴力活动加剧了。
• The drought has intensified. 旱情加剧了。 来自《简明英汉词典》

6 influx   

n.流入，注入

参考例句：

• The country simply cannot absorb this influx of refugees.这个国家实在不能接纳这么多涌入的难民。
• Textile workers favoured protection because they feared an influx of cheap cloth.纺织工人拥护贸易保护措施，因为他们担心涌入廉价纺织品。

7 detention   

n.滞留，停留；拘留，扣留；(教育)留下

参考例句：

• He was kept in detention by the police.他被警察扣留了。
• He was in detention in connection with the bribery affair.他因与贿赂事件有牵连而被拘留了。

8 spoke   

n.（车轮的）辐条；轮辐；破坏某人的计划；阻挠某人的行动 v.讲，谈（speak的过去式）；说；演说；从某种观点来说

参考例句：

• They sourced the spoke nuts from our company.他们的轮辐螺帽是从我们公司获得的。
• The spokes of a wheel are the bars that connect the outer ring to the centre.辐条是轮子上连接外圈与中心的条棒。

9 decided   

adj.决定了的，坚决的；明显的，明确的

参考例句：

• This gave them a decided advantage over their opponents.这使他们比对手具有明显的优势。
• There is a decided difference between British and Chinese way of greeting.英国人和中国人打招呼的方式有很明显的区别。

10 credible   

adj.可信任的，可靠的

参考例句：

• The news report is hardly credible.这则新闻报道令人难以置信。
• Is there a credible alternative to the nuclear deterrent?是否有可以取代核威慑力量的可靠办法？

11 asylum   

n.避难所，庇护所，避难

参考例句：

• The people ask for political asylum.人们请求政治避难。
• Having sought asylum in the West for many years,they were eventually granted it.他们最终获得了在西方寻求多年的避难权。

12 bunk   

n.(车、船等倚壁而设的)铺位；废话

参考例句：

• He left his bunk and went up on deck again.他离开自己的铺位再次走到甲板上。
• Most economists think his theories are sheer bunk.大多数经济学家认为他的理论纯属胡说。

13 buzzers   

n.门铃( buzzer的名词复数 )；蜂音器（的声音）；发嗡嗡声的东西或人；汽笛

参考例句：

• Scout in with Buzzers(Via The Swarm) or whatever fast unit you have. 用技能召唤的蜂群（或者任何你拥有的快速单位）探路。 来自互联网
• Buzzers have the ability to clear garrisoned structures. 蜂群拥有清除驻军建筑得能力。 来自互联网

14 grid   

n.高压输电线路网；地图坐标方格；格栅

参考例句：

• In this application,the carrier is used to encapsulate the grid.在这种情况下，要用载体把格栅密封起来。
• Modern gauges consist of metal foil in the form of a grid.现代应变仪则由网格形式的金属片组成。

15 incentive   

n.刺激；动力；鼓励；诱因；动机

参考例句：

• Money is still a major incentive in most occupations.在许多职业中，钱仍是主要的鼓励因素。
• He hasn't much incentive to work hard.他没有努力工作的动机。

16 trauma   

n.外伤，精神创伤

参考例句：

• Counselling is helping him work through this trauma.心理辅导正帮助他面对痛苦。
• The phobia may have its root in a childhood trauma.恐惧症可能源于童年时期的创伤。

17 miller   

n.磨坊主

参考例句：

• Every miller draws water to his own mill.磨坊主都往自己磨里注水。
• The skilful miller killed millions of lions with his ski.技术娴熟的磨坊主用雪橇杀死了上百万头狮子。

18 promulgating   

v.宣扬（某事物）( promulgate的现在分词 )；传播；公布；颁布（法令、新法律等）

参考例句：

• While they promulgating the Christianity, English was also publicized in China. 他们在传教的同时，英语也在中国得到了广泛的传播。 来自互联网
• It is a philosophy of life, promulgating numerous and complicated existence. “生活艺术论”是林语堂文化观、人生观和审美观的集中体现。 来自互联网

19 scenarios   

n.[意]情节；剧本；事态；脚本

参考例句：

• Further, graphite cores may be safer than non-graphite cores under some accident scenarios. 再者，根据一些事故解说，石墨堆芯可比非石墨堆芯更安全一些。 来自英汉非文学 - 环境法 - 环境法
• Again, scenarios should make it clear which modes are acceptable to users in various contexts. 同样，我们可以运用场景剧本来搞清楚在不同情境下哪些模式可被用户接受。 来自About Face 3交互设计精髓

20 custodial   

adj.监护的，照管的

参考例句：

• The teenagers were convicted of manslaughter and given a two-year custodial sentence. 这些青少年被判过失杀人罪，及二年的监禁（拘留）刑罚。
• This article interrogates the cultural experience of being a non custodial mother. 本文审视一位无监护权的母亲所感受到的文化体验。

21 deter   

vt.阻止，使不敢，吓住

参考例句：

• Failure did not deter us from trying it again.失败并没有能阻挡我们再次进行试验。
• Dogs can deter unwelcome intruders.狗能够阻拦不受欢迎的闯入者。

22 prey   

n.被掠食者，牺牲者，掠食；v.捕食，掠夺，折磨

参考例句：

• Stronger animals prey on weaker ones.弱肉强食。
• The lion was hunting for its prey.狮子在寻找猎物。

23 perpetuate   

v.使永存，使永记不忘

参考例句：

• This monument was built to perpetuate the memory of the national hero.这个纪念碑建造的意义在于纪念民族英雄永垂不朽。
• We must perpetuate the system.我们必须将此制度永久保持。

24 vet   

n.兽医，退役军人；vt.检查

参考例句：

• I took my dog to the vet.我把狗带到兽医诊所看病。
• Someone should vet this report before it goes out.这篇报道发表之前应该有人对它进行详查。

25 minors   

n.未成年人( minor的名词复数 )；副修科目；小公司；[逻辑学]小前提v.[主美国英语]副修，选修，兼修( minor的第三人称单数 )

参考例句：

• The law forbids shops to sell alcohol to minors. 法律禁止商店向未成年者出售含酒精的饮料。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• He had three minors this semester. 这学期他有三门副修科目。 来自《简明英汉词典》

26 apprehended   

逮捕，拘押( apprehend的过去式和过去分词 )； 理解

参考例句：

• She apprehended the complicated law very quickly. 她很快理解了复杂的法律。
• The police apprehended the criminal. 警察逮捕了罪犯。

27 literally   

adv.照字面意义，逐字地；确实

参考例句：

• He translated the passage literally.他逐字逐句地翻译这段文字。
• Sometimes she would not sit down till she was literally faint.有时候，她不走到真正要昏厥了，决不肯坐下来。

28 Congressman   

n.（美）国会议员

参考例句：

• He related several anecdotes about his first years as a congressman.他讲述自己初任议员那几年的几则轶事。
• The congressman is meditating a reply to his critics.这位国会议员正在考虑给他的批评者一个答复。

29 sneak   

vt.潜行(隐藏,填石缝)；偷偷摸摸做；n.潜行；adj.暗中进行

参考例句：

• He raised his spear and sneak forward.他提起长矛悄悄地前进。
• I saw him sneak away from us.我看见他悄悄地从我们身边走开。

30 deterrence   

威慑，制止； 制止物，制止因素； 挽留的事物； 核威慑

参考例句：

• An extreme school of "disarmers" pronounced stable deterrence was a dangerous deception. “裁军论者”中的极端派声称，稳定的威摄是一种危险的骗局。
• Escalation is thus an aspect of deterrence and of crisis management. 因此逐步升级是威慑和危机处理的一个方面。