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【英语语言学习】孤独症患者

时间:2016-11-22 04:42来源:互联网 提供网友:yajing   字体: [ ]
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Lynne Malcolm: Hello, you're with All in the Mind on RN, I'm Lynne Malcolm. Today a candid1 and moving conversation with autism activist2 John Elder Robison about his life as the weird3 guy who's into machinery4.
John Elder Robison: I could stand back there with my sound equipment and I could feel proud that I made those amplifiers sing from the audience, but I couldn't feel the emotions that the musicians were trying to impart. That night I felt it, and it was just so overwhelming, it was just like magic. And I got home and I wrote them an email and I said, boy, that's some powerful mojo you've got in that machine.
Lynne Malcolm: We'll hear later how John Elder Robison's emotions were unlocked by brain stimulation5 therapy, which he writes about in his recent book called Switched On.
John is a world recognised authority on living with autism and particularly the different way in which people on the autism spectrum6 read emotions and interact socially.
We begin our conversation with some of his childhood memories.
John Elder Robison: I was the unwanted child, I was the one they didn't want to play with and the one they didn't want to be friends with. And that was something that was very, very painful, being isolated7.
Lynne Malcolm: What were some of the ways in which you felt that you didn't fit in and how perhaps you missed the mark socially?
John Elder Robison: One thing that's really difficult for people of my generation is that there was no recognition of this thing we now call autism in the 1960s for people who could speak. So when I didn't say or do the right things or I didn't respond appropriately, people just thought I was a bad kid, I was selfish, I was self-centred, I was in my own world, I was lazy, I was stupid, and they kind of discarded me. It's only with knowledge of autism that I gained in midlife that I understand the mechanism9 by which that happened. When I was little boy I really didn't know any of that, I just knew that kids didn't want to be my friend. I had no idea why.
Lynne Malcolm: So despite your difficulties your expertise10 was in electronics and music.
John Elder Robison: Well, actually I went on to be commercially successful but not by graduating. I was not able to do the things people asked of me in school. I could, for example, sometimes see the solution to problems in class, but I could not show my work and I could not do it in the way the teachers wanted me to, so they would give me failing grades even as I thought I could do the work and it made me very angry, and eventually I stopped going to school. The last grade that I passed was the ninth, and I left home and I joined a rock 'n' roll band and that was my ticket to independence, and that came about because I had this fascination11 with music and electronics and I learned how to fix and then build sound equipment for musicians.
Lynne Malcolm: And you had a very fine appreciation12 of music too, didn't you.
John Elder Robison: As an adult I don't know how much I appreciated what you or other music aficionados13 might think of…I didn't, for example, have an appreciation of the beauty of someone's playing or singing. What I appreciated was the beauty of delivering whatever the musicians gave me true to form. So you might think he sings so wonderfully as a tenor14 or alto or soprano and he sings these passages with such nuance15 and emotion, I would never say anything like that, I would think that I was very successful if I delivered his voice to you clearly and crisply and without any distortion. To me that was the beauty of it.
Lynne Malcolm: And you worked with bands like Kiss and Pink Floyd. That must have been an amazing scene to work in.
John Elder Robison: Well, the thing that was neat is that I wasn't actually working for Pink Floyd, I was working for their sound company, Britannia Row. Pink Floyd didn't tour a whole lot in the '70s and when they weren't on tour they leased out this mountain of sound equipment that they had, and I had the great fortune to put together sound systems for many British bands that came and played in North America and ultimately came here to Australia in the '70s. And I had equipment out with soul bands, disco bands, progressive rock, all kinds of different music. And again, it wasn't that I liked one kind of music or another, I just thought it was really cool if I could build a sound system that could deliver country music and then do heavy metal with the same stuff and do both well.
Lynne Malcolm: John Elder Robison. The American hard rock band Kiss performed during the mid8 to late '70s and they were renowned16 for their wild live performances in crazy get-ups, using stage tricks like blood spitting, shooting rockets, levitating17 drum kits18 and smoking guitars. Well, I learnt later that John Robison was the so-called 'weird guy' who made band member Ace19 Frehely's guitar smoke, something he's very proud of it as a bit of electronic mastery. You can check it out via a link on the All in the Mind site.
But the scene, the music scene was a real culture, wasn't it, and a band like Kiss…it must have been all pretty crazy. How did you respond to the scene itself?
John Elder Robison: Well, it was a world of wildness, drugs, liquor, guns, all stuff like that that you don't see so much in music, at least openly, today. I really stayed clear of a lot of that stuff because by the time I was 19 or 20 years old and I was doing big rock 'n' roll, I didn't understand why I was the way I was but I understood that I had trouble reading people and I had trouble figuring out what they really meant when they said something. And being drunk or high on coke just made me a drunk or a high fool, and so I wanted to stay clear of that because I had enough challenge without it.
Lynne Malcolm: And you talk about some of your difficulty in social interaction as failed interactions. Can you give me an example of how failed interactions would occur?
John Elder Robison: Somebody might approach me and she might be looking really anxious and upset and fearful and start saying, you know, 'I'm worried about my mother and stuff,' and I would say, 'Well, you're going to have to tell me later because we are late to get to this interview.' And you look at me and you think, well, what a heartless, mean son of a bitch, my mother's got cancer and she is dying in the hospital and he doesn't even care. And the thing is, you are reading all that into my actions and it wasn't there. It's not that I didn't care about you or your mother, I could care very much about you, you could be the great love of my life but I still couldn't tell just by your words that you were worried or scared. And I only responded with what was on my mind, which was that we're late.
And so all too often autistic people fall into that trap and we are vilified20 for it, where we say what's on our mind, and we are not saying something to be mean to you or dismissive or because we don't care, we are saying it because we don't receive the message of fear and anxiety and worry that you are projecting because you are not saying it in words and we can't get it. If you had come to me instead and you had said, 'I'm so worried about my mother and she is in the hospital and I think she is going to die,' I would get that. But all too often people imply it with their bodies and their faces and I don't see it.
Lynne Malcolm: You went on to establish a successful automobile21 repair place, but you describe yourself as the weird guy that is into machinery. But that served you quite well in that business.
John Elder Robison: It served me well in rock 'n' roll too, I was the weird guy that built the amplifiers when I was on the road with Kiss back in the '70s. We all had photo IDs and mine said 'Ampy', I was the guy that built the amplifiers, and I was the guy that talked to the machines. I didn't talk to the humans but I could talk to the machines.
Lynne Malcolm: It was during that time that you ran the automobile repair business that you first found out about Asperger's. Tell me about that.
John Elder Robison: Well, that was kind of a remarkable22 thing. I had got to where I was 40 years old, I had been running a car business by then about 10 years and it was commercially successful because I had this ability to see into machines and focus on them, and people brought me collectable cars. And one of the fellows who came in over a period of years was a therapist and he watched me I guess and talked to me for a number of years. And one day he comes in with this blue book, actually it was from an Australian doctor, Tony Attwood, and he hands me Dr Attwood's book and he says, 'There's this thing that they're talking about in the mental health community called Asperger's syndrome23 and you could be the poster boy for it. I thought a long time about whether I should say anything to you about this because you are successful, you've got a wife and a kid and business, but I think that knowing why are you are like you are could really change your life.' And boy, it really did. It was stunning24 for me to hear that. I'd never heard of Asperger's syndrome before that day.
Lynne Malcolm: So it really helped to have a reason and an explanation for the difficulties that you'd had.
John Elder Robison: It absolutely does and it's not have an explanation, it is really important that anyone who listens to this with a young person with autism understands that we've got an explanation for why we are. The explanation is we are less than other people, we are stupid, we're dumb, we're less valuable. And so when you are told you've got autism, you've got Asperger's, for the first time in your life you have a non-judgemental, non-negative explanation. No, you're not stupid, you're not retarded25, you're not defective26, you are an ordinary fellow with this thing called Asperger's. And that is really liberating27. It's a big, big deal.
Lynne Malcolm: Along the way though you have been able to train yourself to a certain extent, observe social interaction, observe emotional interaction and teach yourself.
John Elder Robison: I did. You know, I took Dr Attwood's book and I thought to myself, well, I'm going to, by God, make myself act like everyone else. And today, autistic rights advocates would say you shouldn't have to do that, the world should accommodate you. But you know, we can only go so far in asking the world to accommodate us. The fact is if our inability to read your body language or your facial expressions causes you to think I'm a callous28 jerk in the first 10 seconds you meet me, you are never going to know me long enough to decide I'm a nice guy. So it's incumbent29 upon me to know how to act when I meet you. And knowing the ways in which autistic people like me were different, I was able to change my behaviour, and it was really a magical transformation30. I began to have friends for the first time in my life.
Lynne Malcolm: You're with All in the Mind on ABC RN, I'm Lynne Malcolm and I'm speaking with John Elder Robison, author and world authority on living with autism.
Once John Robison realised, at the age of 40, that he was on the autism spectrum, he took on the mission of raising awareness31 by writing and speaking about his experience. One of his books Look Me in the Eye was a New York Times best seller.
He then heard about a revolutionary new brain therapy called transcranial magnetic stimulation. Researchers have been studying TMS for 20 years as a potential therapy for a number of neurological and psychiatric conditions, and it's now an approved treatment for depression in countries including Australia and the United States. But research into its benefits for autism is still in its infancy32. However, when researchers from Harvard approached John to participate in a TMS experiment, he was keen.
John Elder Robison: When I heard that these scientists had this new therapy that might turn on the ability to read emotions in other people, I thought, could that really be true? And if it was true, what would it mean for me? And somebody who didn't live a lifetime of isolation33 because of not being able to read emotions, you might dismiss it, it's crazy to meddle34 with your brain. But for someone who has had a lifetime of pain from that, I was very, very quick to want to learn more and try it.
Lynne Malcolm: And so what was your understanding of what it is and how it works?
John Elder Robison: My understanding is that the brain is basically an electrical organ. We can change the brain by adding psychiatric medications into our bloodstream and they make their way into the brain. But ultimately all those medications do is change electrical properties of junctions36 between our brain cells. And there might be an area in one part of your brain that is dysfunctional and you take a drug hoping to help with that thing, but the drug, even as it may bring that one area of your brain into better balance imbalances other areas of your brain because it goes throughout your brain. And that's why so many psychiatric medications have really undesirable37 side effects. So the idea of using electromagnetic energy fired directly into a targeted region of the brain, I thought that sounded like a fundamentally better idea. And it's not painful, it's using pulses of electromagnetic energy. For a technical geek like me it was very enticing38.
Lynne Malcolm: So tell me about the effect. When did you first notice the effect?
John Elder Robison: The first time I noticed the effect I had gone to the hospital, and I had been to the hospital half a dozen times to prepare. I thought when is it going to start? Finally it did start, and I went in and I looked at stick figures on a computer screen and I was supposed to push buttons for whether the face was happy, sad, angry, jealous. And the pictures went by and I had no idea what I was seeing. And it made me sad because I thought maybe I'm just too dumb and I'm going to flunk39 out of a test before I start.
And they sat me down and they did this stimulation and they said we're going to test you before stimulation and after, we're going to see if there's a result. They said we've got to do this quick because the effect of the stimulation will only last about 15 minutes. And so they stimulated40 me and they had me do the questions again and I didn't feel like it was any different. And I thought what kind of crazy fool was I to think that they were just going to do something to me and I was going to be a different person?
And so they had me stay there for about half an hour to make sure they thought I was okay and I left. And I drove on out and I turned on my iPod because I would play old recordings41 of concerts that I had worked with back in the '70s and the early '80s, and I turned on the music, and even now just to remember it is just so overwhelming. I turned it on and it wasn't like I was listening to a stereo in a car, it's like I was back there in a nightclub in Boston and it was 1977 or 1982, and I was standing35 there at the edge of the stage and I was watching the musicians and listening and it was just so alive. It was just unbelievable, the intensity42 of it.
And the thing that was most remarkable was that I felt all the emotion of the music [tearful] that I never could before. And you know, before I could…even now it affects me to recall it for you…but I could stand back there with my sound equipment and I could feel proud that I made those amplifiers sing for the audience, but I couldn't feel the emotions that the musicians were trying to impart, and that night I felt it. And it was just so overwhelming, it was just like magic. And I got home and I wrote them an email and I said, boy, that's some powerful mojo you've got in that machine.
Lynne Malcolm: So I guess it made you realise too that perhaps you had been missing out on a whole lot of other things in your life apart from enhanced musical experience.
John Elder Robison: Well, that's kind of a sad side to it, because when they first proposed this to me they said we hoped that this could help autistic people see emotional cues in other people and I thought, well, maybe that's why I'm sad and I'm isolated and alone because I can't see all these messages. I thought immediately of good messages. I thought there must be people who think you're really sweet and I really like you and that's really nice, because I never had any problem receiving bad messages, people said you're a piece of shit all my life, and I heard that and I understood it, but I never, ever got those good messages. And I thought, well, maybe if I do this I'll get those good messages and it's going to be really great for me.
And of course over the next series of stimulations I did acquire the ability to read these messages from people, and they weren't happy and sweet and beautiful and lovely, they were fearful and jealous and anxious and worried and scared and angry. And I thought again to myself, well, what kind of a fool was I because I should know, I pick up the newspaper, and if the world is full of happiness and joy that would be the theme of the news, and it's not. It's trickery and cheating and conspiracy43 and war and pain and suffering, and that's what I saw in other people. And you know, the pain that I had…I realised that my autism was a protective shield. I hadn't seen that all those years, and it just about killed me, receiving that pain from others.
Lynne Malcolm: And it affected44 your marriage too, didn't it.
John Elder Robison: My marriage collapsed45, my business almost collapsed. And the thing that's really sad is that it was because suddenly I saw the world and all the people around me differently, and I rejected things that I had accepted all those years. And now I can look back on that, now it's been six years. I'm married again, I have a good wife and family life, my business is better than it was before, my ability to engage folks like you…I could never have come to you and had a conversation like this 10 years ago. And you know, if you look back at when I did music, I couldn't even talk to you. You think about all the pretty girls that I must have had pass in front of me when I toured doing rock 'n' roll, and how many did I talk to on the road? None, because I couldn't do it. And today I could engage you or most anyone else, and that's a wonderful, wonderful gift. But boy, it was a really rough ride to get there.
Lynne Malcolm: So the effects of TMS are ephemeral, but you think that you've really changed permanently46 because of the experience?
John Elder Robison: Well, let me give you an example that I think makes that clear. Every treatment we take, short of something like cutting off an arm or leg, is temporary. You take an antianxiety medicine, an antidepressants, and its effect is temporary too. Now, imagine that you're a person who is born colour-blind and you've had a lifetime of people telling you about the beautiful blue sky and the lovely red dress, but you know the evidence of your eyes and it's black and white. And eventually those kind of words, they just make you angry because there is no such thing to you.
And then you go into a doctor's office and they hook you up to a machine and they do something to you and you walk out and you see colour, and you look out at the sky and you say, my word, that's real, they weren't tricking me, this is really beautiful, it's real and it's here and I see it. And you've get to look around at the yellow cars and the red dresses and the blue dresses and the people with blonde hair and the people with red hair and the blue eyes and the brown eyes. And then a week later it fades away. But the thing is, for the rest of your life you are going to conduct your affairs with full appreciation of the fact that that is a truth. And so it has changed your life in a positive way for the rest of your life, even if you can't see it.
Lynne Malcolm: But to some extent you would caution people, wouldn't you, about TMS, because you responded in quite a dramatic way, but not everyone is going to respond that way.
John Elder Robison: I've got a couple of comments on that. First of all, we do not know how to get striking responses like I experienced from every person, and we probably won't ever get that. Any given antidepressant, it may work for you and it may do nothing for your friend. And I think more than that, TMS is something that should not be, in my opinion, done to children or disabled people without their consent. It's one thing if you are a person like me and you can say I've been lonely and I've hurt all my life because I can't read other people and I'd do anything if I could see in your eyes and tell what you're feeling. It's entirely47 something else for a parent to take a nine-year-old boy and say he's having trouble making friends at school and I'm going to do this TMS on him and make him a social butterfly. That absolutely I would urge parents don't do that because for me the pain of isolation, it hurt me a lot, but being isolated is what gave me time to concentrate on music. And then my autistic focus, my other autistic traits allowed me to become a star engineer. So that pain was kind of a part of what made me a success. And you've got to really think hard about that when you consider using a treatment with a young person. I definitely think that TMS is something for adults to go into with their eyes wide open. And you should think about my experience as an autistic man as a metaphor48 for what might be.
Lynne Malcolm: So if the symptoms of autism and Asperger's can be mitigated49 by something like this, what are the implications for the pride that is beginning to develop in the neuro-diverse community?
John Elder Robison: People often say why would you do that if you're such an outspoken50 advocate for neuro-diversity and acceptance of autism? I am. I believe with all my heart that autistic people deserve a place…really a place in the sun, it's our time. But I also know that if I think you're sweet and I want to get to know you and I walk up to you and I try and start a conversation and I say and do the wrong thing because of my autistic disability and you don't know I'm autistic, you can decide that I'm a jerk and turn away from me and I will never, ever have a chance to start. And so I think to myself wouldn't I want to make myself the best person I can be? That to me is no different from you deciding I want to look good, I'm going to lose 20 pounds and I'm going to become a marathon runner, I'm going to be the best I can be. Well, me making my brain the best it can be is exactly like that.
Lynne Malcolm: So now you've remarried since your first marriage. How does autism and your experience of TMS play into that relationship now?
John Elder Robison: I think that I have a better understanding of emotions. I have a much better understanding of how my actions can affect other people. And I think that ultimately, whether you wanted to participate in TMS or some kind of therapy to help reduce an aspect of autistic disability, first of all I would say that TMS is not and never will be a cure for autism. Autism is a neurological difference that will always be with us. But it is a tool that may remediate things that disable us and make us suffer. I say that in recognition of the really sad fact that the suicide rate for autistic adults is nine times the suicide rate for folks who aren't autistic. And if TMS could head off some isolated person's suicide, just like an antidepressant could do, I think that's a tool that we have a duty to make available to those who wish to use it.
Lynne Malcolm: So how do you see your future?
John Elder Robison: I think that it has become really a passion of mine to go out and speak for the rights of autistic people, to show the rest of the world that we autistics, we are not smarter, we're not better, we're just different, and the rest of the world needs different people. We are a part of diversity, and we are something that's needed. And I see my mission is to go out and spread that word. I think it's an incredible honour, and I would say that we autistics are just coming into our time. We have to stand up and demand the acceptance other groups have achieved.
Lynne Malcolm: Thank you very much John, it's been really lovely to talk to you.
John Elder Robison: Thanks so much for having me with you.
Lynne Malcolm: John Elder Robison. His latest book is called Switched On and is published by Scribe.
For more details from today head to the All in the Mind website, just follow the links from the ABC RN home page.
Thanks to producer Diane Dean and sound engineer Joe Wallace.
I'm Lynne Malcolm, catch you next time.

点击收听单词发音收听单词发音  

1 candid SsRzS     
adj.公正的,正直的;坦率的
参考例句:
  • I cannot but hope the candid reader will give some allowance for it.我只有希望公正的读者多少包涵一些。
  • He is quite candid with his friends.他对朋友相当坦诚。
2 activist gyAzO     
n.活动分子,积极分子
参考例句:
  • He's been a trade union activist for many years.多年来他一直是工会的积极分子。
  • He is a social activist in our factory.他是我厂的社会活动积极分子。
3 weird bghw8     
adj.古怪的,离奇的;怪诞的,神秘而可怕的
参考例句:
  • From his weird behaviour,he seems a bit of an oddity.从他不寻常的行为看来,他好像有点怪。
  • His weird clothes really gas me.他的怪衣裳简直笑死人。
4 machinery CAdxb     
n.(总称)机械,机器;机构
参考例句:
  • Has the machinery been put up ready for the broadcast?广播器材安装完毕了吗?
  • Machinery ought to be well maintained all the time.机器应该随时注意维护。
5 stimulation BuIwL     
n.刺激,激励,鼓舞
参考例句:
  • The playgroup provides plenty of stimulation for the children.幼儿游戏组给孩子很多启发。
  • You don't get any intellectual stimulation in this job.你不能从这份工作中获得任何智力启发。
6 spectrum Trhy6     
n.谱,光谱,频谱;范围,幅度,系列
参考例句:
  • This is a kind of atomic spectrum.这是一种原子光谱。
  • We have known much of the constitution of the solar spectrum.关于太阳光谱的构成,我们已了解不少。
7 isolated bqmzTd     
adj.与世隔绝的
参考例句:
  • His bad behaviour was just an isolated incident. 他的不良行为只是个别事件。
  • Patients with the disease should be isolated. 这种病的患者应予以隔离。
8 mid doTzSB     
adj.中央的,中间的
参考例句:
  • Our mid-term exam is pending.我们就要期中考试了。
  • He switched over to teaching in mid-career.他在而立之年转入教学工作。
9 mechanism zCWxr     
n.机械装置;机构,结构
参考例句:
  • The bones and muscles are parts of the mechanism of the body.骨骼和肌肉是人体的组成部件。
  • The mechanism of the machine is very complicated.这台机器的结构是非常复杂的。
10 expertise fmTx0     
n.专门知识(或技能等),专长
参考例句:
  • We were amazed at his expertise on the ski slopes.他斜坡滑雪的技能使我们赞叹不已。
  • You really have the technical expertise in a new breakthrough.让你真正在专业技术上有一个全新的突破。
11 fascination FlHxO     
n.令人着迷的事物,魅力,迷恋
参考例句:
  • He had a deep fascination with all forms of transport.他对所有的运输工具都很着迷。
  • His letters have been a source of fascination to a wide audience.广大观众一直迷恋于他的来信。
12 appreciation Pv9zs     
n.评价;欣赏;感谢;领会,理解;价格上涨
参考例句:
  • I would like to express my appreciation and thanks to you all.我想对你们所有人表达我的感激和谢意。
  • I'll be sending them a donation in appreciation of their help.我将送给他们一笔捐款以感谢他们的帮助。
13 aficionados 54e9eaccecb5f096c86d6db20d07e644     
n.酷爱…者,…迷( aficionado的名词复数 ); 爱看斗牛的人
参考例句:
  • West Coast aficionados of postwar coffee-shop architecture(Karal Ann Marling) 西海岸战后咖啡店式建筑的狂热追随者(卡拉尔安马林) 来自互联网
  • Clay developed a radical style which appalled boxing aficionados. 克莱发展出一种震惊拳击迷的全新风格。 来自互联网
14 tenor LIxza     
n.男高音(歌手),次中音(乐器),要旨,大意
参考例句:
  • The tenor of his speech was that war would come.他讲话的大意是战争将要发生。
  • The four parts in singing are soprano,alto,tenor and bass.唱歌的四个声部是女高音、女低音、男高音和男低音。
15 nuance Xvtyh     
n.(意义、意见、颜色)细微差别
参考例句:
  • These users will easily learn each nuance of the applications they use.这些用户会很快了解他们所使用程序的每一细微差别。
  • I wish I hadn't become so conscious of every little nuance.我希望我不要变得这样去思索一切琐碎之事。
16 renowned okSzVe     
adj.著名的,有名望的,声誉鹊起的
参考例句:
  • He is one of the world's renowned writers.他是世界上知名的作家之一。
  • She is renowned for her advocacy of human rights.她以提倡人权而闻名。
17 levitating 4e075770f0f97cc8716fee3f684c4b3f     
v.(使)升空,(使)漂浮( levitate的现在分词 )
参考例句:
  • It will not mean things like levitating objects and reading others minds. 你将开始明白掌握力量的真正意义。 来自互联网
  • As the pole rotates the balls spin out levitating higher the faster the system spins. 柱子旋转的时候,这两个球也会转起来,这个系统转得越快,它们飞得越高。 来自互联网
18 kits e16d4ffa0f9467cd8d2db7d706f0a7a5     
衣物和装备( kit的名词复数 ); 成套用品; 配套元件
参考例句:
  • Keep your kits closed and locked when not in use. 不用的话把你的装备都锁好放好。
  • Gifts Articles, Toy and Games, Wooden Toys, Puzzles, Craft Kits. 采购产品礼品,玩具和游戏,木制的玩具,智力玩具,手艺装备。
19 ace IzHzsp     
n.A牌;发球得分;佼佼者;adj.杰出的
参考例句:
  • A good negotiator always has more than one ace in the hole.谈判高手总有数张王牌在手。
  • He is an ace mechanic.He can repair any cars.他是一流的机械师,什么车都会修。
20 vilified fbd35e9dae25d8a1cf13da5adee55a26     
v.中伤,诽谤( vilify的过去式和过去分词 )
参考例句:
  • He was vilified in newspapers. 他在报纸上受到了诽谤。 来自《简明英汉词典》
  • She was vilified by the press for her controversial views. 因她持有异议,新闻界对她横加挞伐。 来自互联网
21 automobile rP1yv     
n.汽车,机动车
参考例句:
  • He is repairing the brake lever of an automobile.他正在修理汽车的刹车杆。
  • The automobile slowed down to go around the curves in the road.汽车在路上转弯时放慢了速度。
22 remarkable 8Vbx6     
adj.显著的,异常的,非凡的,值得注意的
参考例句:
  • She has made remarkable headway in her writing skills.她在写作技巧方面有了长足进步。
  • These cars are remarkable for the quietness of their engines.这些汽车因发动机没有噪音而不同凡响。
23 syndrome uqBwu     
n.综合病症;并存特性
参考例句:
  • The Institute says that an unidentified virus is to blame for the syndrome. 该研究所表示,引起这种综合症的是一种尚未确认的病毒。
  • Results indicated that 11 fetuses had Down syndrome. 结果表明有11个胎儿患有唐氏综合征。
24 stunning NhGzDh     
adj.极好的;使人晕倒的
参考例句:
  • His plays are distinguished only by their stunning mediocrity.他的戏剧与众不同之处就是平凡得出奇。
  • The finished effect was absolutely stunning.完工后的效果非常美。
25 retarded xjAzyy     
a.智力迟钝的,智力发育迟缓的
参考例句:
  • The progression of the disease can be retarded by early surgery. 早期手术可以抑制病情的发展。
  • He was so slow that many thought him mentally retarded. 他迟钝得很,许多人以为他智力低下。
26 defective qnLzZ     
adj.有毛病的,有问题的,有瑕疵的
参考例句:
  • The firm had received bad publicity over a defective product. 该公司因为一件次品而受到媒体攻击。
  • If the goods prove defective, the customer has the right to compensation. 如果货品证明有缺陷, 顾客有权索赔。
27 liberating f5d558ed9cd728539ee8f7d9a52a7668     
解放,释放( liberate的现在分词 )
参考例句:
  • Revolution means liberating the productive forces. 革命就是为了解放生产力。
  • They had already taken on their shoulders the burden of reforming society and liberating mankind. 甚至在这些集会聚谈中,他们就已经夸大地把改革社会、解放人群的责任放在自己的肩头了。 来自汉英文学 - 家(1-26) - 家(1-26)
28 callous Yn9yl     
adj.无情的,冷淡的,硬结的,起老茧的
参考例句:
  • He is callous about the safety of his workers.他对他工人的安全毫不关心。
  • She was selfish,arrogant and often callous.她自私傲慢,而且往往冷酷无情。
29 incumbent wbmzy     
adj.成为责任的,有义务的;现任的,在职的
参考例句:
  • He defeated the incumbent governor by a large plurality.他以压倒多数票击败了现任州长。
  • It is incumbent upon you to warn them.你有责任警告他们。
30 transformation SnFwO     
n.变化;改造;转变
参考例句:
  • Going to college brought about a dramatic transformation in her outlook.上大学使她的观念发生了巨大的变化。
  • He was struggling to make the transformation from single man to responsible husband.他正在努力使自己由单身汉变为可靠的丈夫。
31 awareness 4yWzdW     
n.意识,觉悟,懂事,明智
参考例句:
  • There is a general awareness that smoking is harmful.人们普遍认识到吸烟有害健康。
  • Environmental awareness has increased over the years.这些年来人们的环境意识增强了。
32 infancy F4Ey0     
n.婴儿期;幼年期;初期
参考例句:
  • He came to England in his infancy.他幼年时期来到英国。
  • Their research is only in its infancy.他们的研究处于初级阶段。
33 isolation 7qMzTS     
n.隔离,孤立,分解,分离
参考例句:
  • The millionaire lived in complete isolation from the outside world.这位富翁过着与世隔绝的生活。
  • He retired and lived in relative isolation.他退休后,生活比较孤寂。
34 meddle d7Xzb     
v.干预,干涉,插手
参考例句:
  • I hope he doesn't try to meddle in my affairs.我希望他不来干预我的事情。
  • Do not meddle in things that do not concern you.别参与和自己无关的事。
35 standing 2hCzgo     
n.持续,地位;adj.永久的,不动的,直立的,不流动的
参考例句:
  • After the earthquake only a few houses were left standing.地震过后只有几幢房屋还立着。
  • They're standing out against any change in the law.他们坚决反对对法律做任何修改。
36 junctions 8d6818d120fa2726af259fc9dc6c7c61     
联结点( junction的名词复数 ); 会合点; (公路或铁路的)交叉路口; (电缆等的)主结点
参考例句:
  • Metals which were mutually soluble would tend to give strong junctions. 可互溶的金属趋向于产生牢固的结合点。
  • Some adhering junctions are present as narrow bands connecting two cells. 有些粘附连接以一窄带的形式连接两个细胞。
37 undesirable zp0yb     
adj.不受欢迎的,不良的,不合意的,讨厌的;n.不受欢迎的人,不良分子
参考例句:
  • They are the undesirable elements among the employees.他们是雇员中的不良分子。
  • Certain chemicals can induce undesirable changes in the nervous system.有些化学物质能在神经系统中引起不良变化。
38 enticing ctkzkh     
adj.迷人的;诱人的
参考例句:
  • The offer was too enticing to refuse. 这提议太有诱惑力,使人难以拒绝。
  • Her neck was short but rounded and her arms plump and enticing. 她的脖子短,但浑圆可爱;两臂丰腴,也很动人。
39 flunk uzFy3     
v.(考试)不及格(=fail)
参考例句:
  • I will flunk him if my student doesn't learn the material in the course.如果我的学生没有掌握课程的内容,我就会让他不及格。
  • If you flunk finals,you don't get the chance to do them again.如果你没通过期末考试,就没有机会再考一次了。
40 stimulated Rhrz78     
a.刺激的
参考例句:
  • The exhibition has stimulated interest in her work. 展览增进了人们对她作品的兴趣。
  • The award has stimulated her into working still harder. 奖金促使她更加努力地工作。
41 recordings 22f9946cd05973582e73e4e3c0239bb7     
n.记录( recording的名词复数 );录音;录像;唱片
参考例句:
  • a boxed set of original recordings 一套盒装原声录音带
  • old jazz recordings reissued on CD 以激光唱片重新发行的老爵士乐
42 intensity 45Ixd     
n.强烈,剧烈;强度;烈度
参考例句:
  • I didn't realize the intensity of people's feelings on this issue.我没有意识到这一问题能引起群情激奋。
  • The strike is growing in intensity.罢工日益加剧。
43 conspiracy NpczE     
n.阴谋,密谋,共谋
参考例句:
  • The men were found guilty of conspiracy to murder.这些人被裁决犯有阴谋杀人罪。
  • He claimed that it was all a conspiracy against him.他声称这一切都是一场针对他的阴谋。
44 affected TzUzg0     
adj.不自然的,假装的
参考例句:
  • She showed an affected interest in our subject.她假装对我们的课题感到兴趣。
  • His manners are affected.他的态度不自然。
45 collapsed cwWzSG     
adj.倒塌的
参考例句:
  • Jack collapsed in agony on the floor. 杰克十分痛苦地瘫倒在地板上。
  • The roof collapsed under the weight of snow. 房顶在雪的重压下突然坍塌下来。
46 permanently KluzuU     
adv.永恒地,永久地,固定不变地
参考例句:
  • The accident left him permanently scarred.那次事故给他留下了永久的伤疤。
  • The ship is now permanently moored on the Thames in London.该船现在永久地停泊在伦敦泰晤士河边。
47 entirely entirely     
ad.全部地,完整地;完全地,彻底地
参考例句:
  • The fire was entirely caused by their neglect of duty. 那场火灾完全是由于他们失职而引起的。
  • His life was entirely given up to the educational work. 他的一生统统献给了教育工作。
48 metaphor o78zD     
n.隐喻,暗喻
参考例句:
  • Using metaphor,we say that computers have senses and a memory.打个比方,我们可以说计算机有感觉和记忆力。
  • In poetry the rose is often a metaphor for love.玫瑰在诗中通常作为爱的象征。
49 mitigated 11f6ba011e9341e258d534efd94f05b2     
v.减轻,缓和( mitigate的过去式和过去分词 )
参考例句:
  • The cost of getting there is mitigated by Sydney's offer of a subsidy. 由于悉尼提供补助金,所以到那里的花费就减少了。 来自辞典例句
  • The living conditions were slightly mitigated. 居住条件稍有缓解。 来自辞典例句
50 outspoken 3mIz7v     
adj.直言无讳的,坦率的,坦白无隐的
参考例句:
  • He was outspoken in his criticism.他在批评中直言不讳。
  • She is an outspoken critic of the school system in this city.她是这座城市里学校制度的坦率的批评者。
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TAG标签:   英语听力  听力教程  英语学习
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