中英双语新闻 不用冲水的新式厕所

It is often said by those who work in development that simply improving sanitation¹ around the world could effect huge change. More than a third of the global population doesn't have access to clean safe toilets and running water. In the Kenyan capital Nairobi, a new project is turning waste into useful organic products. The BBC's Nancy has this report.

Stanley washes his hands in a reluctant stream of water pouring out of a tap molded onto a small white plastic drum. We're standing² next to one of the toilets he operates charging less than one US cent per use. It looks freshly painted, a bright blue with white and yellow branding conspicuous³ in these otherwise grey muddy part of Mukuru, an informal settlement in Nairobi. He says the toilet has changed much more than just the landscape.

There used to be a lot of wastes.

Stanley's is one of more than seven hundred so-called "fresh life toilets" in Nairobi's urban settlements. They are made by the company Sanergy as part of a fresh approach to old problems. By linking a shortage⁴ in proper sanitation facilities to a shortage in local fertilizer, the hope is to create one solution for two problems. 

At the company's workshop a carpenter is making doors for more toilets. All the toilets made here are waterless. There is no need for water to flush⁵ with. Sawdust is used instead. This compensates⁶ with a lack of piped water in the settlements and helps with the next step, a crucial step treating the waste.

These people produce over ten thousand tons of waste every day.

I'm standing in the treatment facility where all the waste collected from the "fresh life toilets" is brought. All around me is piles of treated waste. Now this is the final stage before it's packed and then sent off to different trial farms across the country.

Sanergy treats about twenty-five tons of waste each week. But as Sara explains, getting people used to the idea of products from human waste is taking some effort. And fertilizer isn't the only byproduct. No waste is wasted here. Some of it is fed to the larvae⁷ of black soldier flies who remove the pathogens and turn the waste into protein, producing a nutritious⁸ feed for animals. The reusing of waste benefits the environment.

做开发的人士常说，仅仅是改善世界各地的卫生设备就会产生巨大的变化。全球三分之一以上的人口无法使用清洁和安全的厕所及自来水。在肯尼亚首都内罗毕，一个新项目将把废物变成有益的有机产品。BBC南茜报道。

史丹利在一个安在白色塑料小桶的水龙头边洗着手，水流非常不顺畅。我们正站在他经营的一个厕所旁边，该厕所的收费标准是每次不到1美分。厕所看起来是刚喷的漆，鲜艳的蓝色搭配黄白相间的商标在内罗毕非正式小村落穆库鲁灰色泥泞的环境中非常显眼。他说，厕所改变的远不止当地景观。

原先有很多废物。

内罗毕城市居住区有700多家所谓的"新鲜生活卫生间"，史丹利开的就是其中一个。这些洗手间是由Sanergy公司制造的，作为一种解决老问题的新方法。把缺乏适当的卫生设施和缺乏当地肥料这两个现实联系起来，希望可以一箭双雕。在该公司的车间里，一位木工正在为厕所造门。这里生产的厕所都是不需要水的，冲厕所不用水，而是用锯屑。这弥补了聚落缺乏自来水的情况，也有助于下一个步骤，一个关键步骤--处理废物。

这些人每年制造一万多吨垃圾。

我现在站在处理厂中，从"新鲜生活卫生间"收集的所有废物都带到这里。我身边是成摞的已处理过的废物。现在是最后一个阶段，这个阶段过后垃圾将被打包送到全国各地的试验农场。

Sanergy每周大概处理25吨废物，但萨拉解释说，在让大家接受人类排泄物做成的产品这样的概念上还需要花费一些精力。另外，肥料不是唯一的副产品。在这儿，一点废物都没浪费。有些用来喂养黑水虻的幼虫，黑水虻能去除病原体，把废物转化为蛋白质，成为动物的营养饲料。废物再利用对环境有益。

1 sanitation   

n.公共卫生，环境卫生，卫生设备

参考例句：

• The location is exceptionally poor,viewed from the sanitation point.从卫生角度来看，这个地段非常糟糕。
• Many illnesses are the result,f inadequate sanitation.许多疾病都来源于不健全的卫生设施。

2 standing   

n.持续，地位；adj.永久的，不动的，直立的，不流动的

参考例句：

• After the earthquake only a few houses were left standing.地震过后只有几幢房屋还立着。
• They're standing out against any change in the law.他们坚决反对对法律做任何修改。

3 conspicuous   

adj.明眼的，惹人注目的；炫耀的，摆阔气的

参考例句：

• It is conspicuous that smoking is harmful to health.很明显，抽烟对健康有害。
• Its colouring makes it highly conspicuous.它的色彩使它非常惹人注目。

4 shortage   

n.缺少，缺乏，不足

参考例句：

• The city is suffering a desperate shortage of water.这个城市严重缺水。
• The heart of the problem is a shortage of funds.问题的关键是缺乏经费。

5 flush   

vi.奔流；vt.冲洗；adj.齐平的；n.脸色，脸红

参考例句：

• Father asked me to flush off the garage floor.父亲叫我冲洗车库的地板。
• There was a flush in her cheeks.她满脸通红。

6 compensates   

补偿，报酬( compensate的第三人称单数 )； 给（某人）赔偿（或赔款）

参考例句：

• The company compensates her for extra work. 公司因她的额外工作而给她报酬。
• A vertical spring compensates for the weight of the sensing element. 用一根垂直弹簧补偿敏感元件的负荷。

7 larvae   

n.幼虫

参考例句：

• Larvae are parasitic on sheep.幼虫寄生在绵羊的身上。
• The larvae prey upon small aphids.这种幼虫以小蚜虫为食。

8 nutritious   

adj.有营养的，营养价值高的

参考例句：

• Fresh vegetables are very nutritious.新鲜蔬菜富于营养。
• Hummingbirds have discovered that nectar and pollen are very nutritious.蜂鸟发现花蜜和花粉是很有营养的。