奥运知识—奥运马术项目 Equestrian

 

About Equestrian¹ （Olympic sport since 1900）

　　Equestrian events were included in the Olympic Games for the first time in 1900 and then in 1912, in a format² very similar to that which will be used at the Athens 2004 Olympic Games.

　　In the past, the three-day event (Eventing) was restricted to military officers, while the jumping and dressage competitions were open to civilians⁴, but only a handful of civilian³ riders competed up to 1948. Up to that time, the growth of modern sport had been rapid, but relatively⁵ few competitors were involved in international competitions. They all knew each other and the judges and were accepting of local variations to the fairly simple rules which existed. With the inclusion of the sport in the Olympic Games, it became obvious that some internationally recognised rules for the three Olympic disciplines were essential. In May 1921, delegates from 10 national equestrian organisations met in Lausanne to discuss the formation of an international federation⁶.

　　Equestrian consists of three disciplines: Jumping, Dressage and Eventing (Three-Day Event).

马术概述（1900年成为奥运会正式比赛项目） 　　

　　马术在1900的奥运会上首次亮相，接着出现在1912年的奥运会上，采用与即将举行的2004雅典奥运会极其相似的规则和形式。

　　过去，三日赛 （又称综合全能马术赛）的参赛权仅仅局限于军官。尽管障碍赛和花样骑术是对平民开放的，但是一直到1948年只有很少数的平民骑手参加比赛。在那时，现代体育事业已经在飞速发展了，但是只有相对很少的运动员参加国际性的比赛。运动员们彼此还有和裁判都很熟悉，而且他们也接受当时简单规则在当地的种种变化。随着马术加入到奥运会中，这三项赛事国际认证的规则的基本性变得更为显著。在1921年5月，来自10个国家的马术组织的代表在瑞士的洛桑会晤，共同磋商建立国际马术协会。

　　马术比赛包括三项赛事：障碍赛、花样骑术和综合全能马术赛（三日赛）。

1 equestrian   

adj.骑马的；n.马术

参考例句：

• They all showed extraordinary equestrian skills.他们的骑术都很高超。
• I want to book two equestrian tickets.我想订两张马术比赛的票。

2 format   

n.设计，版式；[计算机]格式，DOS命令:格式化(磁盘)，用于空盘或使用过的磁盘建立新空盘来存储数据；v.使格式化，设计，安排

参考例句：

• Please format this floppy disc.请将这张软盘格式化。
• The format of the figure is very tasteful.该图表的格式很雅致。

3 civilian   

adj.平民的，民用的，民众的

参考例句：

• There is no reliable information about civilian casualties.关于平民的伤亡还没有确凿的信息。
• He resigned his commission to take up a civilian job.他辞去军职而从事平民工作。

4 civilians   

平民，百姓( civilian的名词复数 )； 老百姓

参考例句：

• the bloody massacre of innocent civilians 对无辜平民的血腥屠杀
• At least 300 civilians are unaccounted for after the bombing raids. 遭轰炸袭击之后，至少有300名平民下落不明。

5 relatively   

adv.比较...地，相对地

参考例句：

• The rabbit is a relatively recent introduction in Australia.兔子是相对较新引入澳大利亚的物种。
• The operation was relatively painless.手术相对来说不痛。

6 federation   

n.同盟，联邦，联合，联盟，联合会

参考例句：

• It is a federation of 10 regional unions.它是由十个地方工会结合成的联合会。
• Mr.Putin was inaugurated as the President of the Russian Federation.普京正式就任俄罗斯联邦总统。