四级语法超浓缩版！－－主谓一致和倒装

 　　主谓一致

　　1、 不可数，抽象名词，物质名词（食物，材料，气体，液体）后用单数

　　2、 下列词后用单数动词：either, neither, each(of) ,no one,another ,the other, each one, something, nothing, anything, everything, everybody, everyone, nobody,

　　注意：each:放在句首：动词用单数

　　each:放在句末：动词与名词和代词一致

　　3、上述的单词用and连接，谓语仍用单数

　　No teacher and no student is allowed to go in.

　　Every hour and every minute is precious¹ to us.

　　Each boy and each girl was a new book..

　　3、 表时间，重量，长度，价值，书名，学科名，或作为整体看的主语，后接单数动词。

　　注意：portion², section,指整体的一部分，后面的动词用单数

　　proportion，part，half后接复数名词，动词用复数

　　The iron³ an steel industry is the key link in our country.

　　Three weeks was allowed for making the preparations.

　　“Tales From the Shakspeare” is a bood by Charles.

　　5、下列引导词的短语，可作为插入语，不影响谓语动词的单复数：with, together with, like, but, as well as, rather than,

　　No one but Liming⁴ and Wangming was there.

　　An expert, together with some workers,was sent to help in this week.

　　6、and连接的对象不同，动词的单复数不同（一个冠词修饰用单数动词，两个冠词修饰用复数动词）

　　The writer and poet is going to give us a lecture.

　　A cart⁵ and a horse are seem in the distance.

　　7、动词的单复数与靠近动词的主语一致（就近原则）

　　or, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also, there be句型

　　Not only the students but also the teacher was in the classroom.

　　There is a pen, a ruler, and, some books on the desk..

　　8、people，police，glasses，clothes，cattle只用复数

　　9、分数（百分数）+of+名（代），谓语和“名（代）”保持一致

　　Three fourths of its surface of the earth is sea.

　　It’s said that 40 percent of the doctors are women.

　　10、many+复数名词+复数动词

　　many+a+单数名词+单数动词

　　11、the +adj.表示一类人，用复数动词，表示一类物，用单数动词

　　12、both…and连接并列成分时，谓语用复数

　　13、none of+复数名词，谓语可单可复

　　14、量词词组做主语时，谓语和量词一致

　　a piece of……is

　　two pieces of……are

　　15、some+不可数名词/可数单数：谓语用单数

　　some+可数复数：谓语用复数

　　倒装

　　1、 副词放在句首引起倒装：here，there，now，out，in，away，down，then，blew……

　　Here comes the professor!

　　Then comes the bus!

　　Out went the children.

　　注意：上述情况中，如果主语是人称代词，主谓不倒装

　　Away he went.

　　Here it is.

　　2、作状语的短语前置+主谓倒装

　　Under the big tree was an old man.

　　Outside te classroom stood a boy

　　注意：介词短语表明明确地点，不用倒装.

　　In Berlin I met her

　　3、由as引起的让步状语从句，as——虽然，尽管，强调的部分要倒装

　　Young as he was, the boy could speak well.

　　Poor as he was, he was honest.

　　4、要用助动词引起倒装(有连词的，前面倒装后面不倒装)

　　① 否定前置：never, hardly, seldom, barely⁶, sarcely, little, not only, neither, nor, no sooner…than…,=hardly…when…,=scarcely…when…,never before, not until(一…就)

　　No sooner had I reached home than it began to rain.

　　I don’t kown where he lives, neither(nor) does he.

　　②only 当修饰词做状语，要倒装.only修饰主语时，不倒装。

　　Only this mornint did I hear the sad news.

　　Not only the students, but also the teacher was in the room.(修饰主语)

　　③ so引起的倒装

　　I can speak English. So can my brother.

　　She enjoys teaching⁷ English. So does my sister.

　　注意：当前后主语一样时，不倒装，只表强调

　　It was cold. So it was.

　　Mary is a student. So she is.

　　4、 其他一些要强调的词前置+倒装

　　Well do I remember the stories.

　　Many a time has he given us good advice.

　　So loudly did he speak that everybody could hear him.

　　May you return in safety!(祝你平安)

1 precious   

adj.宝贵的，珍贵的，过于精致的，珍爱的

参考例句：

• Each life is precious.生命都是宝贵的。
• Spring rain is as precious as oil.春雨贵如油。

2 portion   

n.部分，份，命运；v.将...分配，分配

参考例句：

• You are paid your portion not later than a week. 不会晚于一周你就可以得到你那一部分报酬。
• Three thousand dollars is no more than a portion.3000美元只不过是一部分。

3 iron   

n.铁，熨斗，坚强，烙铁，镣铐；vt.烫平，熨，用铁包；vi. 烫衣服

参考例句：

• The iron has lost its magnetic force.这块铁已失去了磁力。
• We need an electrician to mend the iron.我们要请电工修理熨斗。

4 liming   

n.加石灰，撒石灰

参考例句：

• Liming is as good a player as his brother. 李明像他哥哥一样是个出色的运动员。 来自互联网
• Liming often not without do not speak the ground says. 罗立明经常不无不调侃地说。 来自互联网

5 cart   

n.（二轮或四轮）运货马车，手推车；vt.用马车装载，用手提（笨重物品），强行带走

参考例句：

• We use this to cart the goods.我们用这个来拉运货物。
• Let's go over and help them pull the cart.咱们过去帮他们拉车。

6 barely   

adv.仅仅，几乎没有，几乎不

参考例句：

• The male bird is barely distinguishable from the female.雄鸟和雌鸟几乎无法辨别。
• He took barely enough money to keep the children in bread.他赚很少的钱仅够孩子们勉强糊口。

7 teaching   

n.教学，执教，任教，讲授；(复数)教诲

参考例句：

• We all agree in adopting the new teaching method. 我们一致同意采取新的教学方法。
• He created a new system of teaching foreign languages.他创造了一种新的外语教学体系。