英语常见错误B系列之四

 　　bring

　　[误] Please bring this dictionary to Mr Brown.

　　[正] Please take this dictionary to Mr Brown.

　　[误] Next time, please take your little sister here.

　　[正] Next time, please bring your little sister here.

　　[析] 英语中bring是"带来"，而take是"带走"。还有一个词fetch¹, 表示"到某处去把某物取、接回来"。如：Please fetch the doctor at once.

　　business

　　[误] My father went to Shanghai for business.

　　[正] My father went to Shanghai on business.

　　[析] on business出差

　　busy

　　[误] The students were very busy to prepare for the exam.

　　[正] The students were very busy preparing for the exam.

　　[析] be busy doing something为"忙于作某事"

　　[误] The students were busy for the exam.

　　[正] The students were busy with the exam.

　　[析] busy直接接名词时应用with.

　　but

　　[误] He couldn't help but realizing that he was wrong.

　　[正] He couldn't help but realize that he was wrong.

　　[误] She couldn't help to cry when she saw her mother.

　　[正] She couldn't help crying when she saw her mother.

　　[析] couldn't help其后应接动名词，表示情不自禁的动作，但couldn't help but后面要加动词原形即省to的不定式，所以前一句应译为"他才真正认识到他错了。"

　　buy

　　[误] I have bought this dictionary for three years.

　　[正] I have had this dictionary for three years.

　　[析] buy是截止性(即瞬间)动词，它可以有完成时，如：I have bought this dictionary. 但是不能与表示较长的时间状语连用。如要讲我这本字典已买了3年了则要用have had这一结构即我拥有这本字典已3年了。

　　by

　　[误] The boy shot² the cat by a gun.

　　[正] The boy shot the cat with a gun.

　　[误] He came to school by a taxi this morning.

　　[正] He came to school by taxi this morning.

　　[析] 作为某种运输手段来讲，by与名词间不能有冠词，如：by car, by bike, by air等。如有了冠词或其他修饰词，则应用别的相应的介词，如："我们今天早上是乘他的车来的"一句应译为：We came here in his car this morning.　与by结合而成的词组很多，常用的有：by the way顺便说说;by hand手工制作;by oneself独自地;by no means³决不。

1 fetch   

n.取得；vt.取来，带来，航行到达；vi.取回，兜圈子

参考例句：

• Fetch me the tape from my drawer,please.请把我抽屉里的磁带取来。
• Shall I fetch your coat for you?我去把上衣给你取来好吗？

2 shot   

n.炮弹，射击，射手；v.射击，发出，发芽；vbl.射击，发出，发芽

参考例句：

• He shot a wild duck.他射中一只野鸭。
• All the children shot out their hands for the money.所有的孩子突然伸出手来要钱。

3 means   

n.方法，手段，折中点，物质财富

参考例句：

• That man used artful means to find out secrets.那人使用狡猾的手段获取机密。
• We must get it done by some means or other.我们总得想办法把它干完。