新研究表明健康的生活方式可降低遗传性心脏病病发的风险

 　　A team of US researchers have found that those who have a high genetic² risk of cardiovascular disease can cut the probability of a heart attack in half by following a healthy lifestyle.

　　美国的一组研究人员发现对于那些遗传性心脏病患病率极高的人来说，通过健康的生活方式可降低一半的患病率。

　　Carried out by a team from Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH), the researchers looked at whether a healthy lifestyle could modify and reduce the genetic risk of heart disease by analyzing³ genetic and clinical data from more than 55,000 participants taken from four large-scale studies.

　　马萨诸塞州总院的团队开展了此项研究，研究员们从四项大型研究中挑选了55,000多名受试者，通过分析这些受试者的遗传和临床数据，研究员们观察了健康的生活方式是否能改正并降低遗传性心脏病患病率。

　　Three of the studies -- the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study, the Women's Genome Health Study, and the Malm? Diet and Cancer Study -- are prospective⁴ studies that have followed participants for up to 20 years.

　　四项研究中有三项研究是前瞻性研究，已跟踪调查受试者长达20年之久。这三项研究是：社区人员动脉粥样硬化风险研究、女性基因组健康研究和马尔莫饮食和癌症研究。

　　The fourth study included was the BioImage Study which assessed a variety of risk factors. Each participant was assigned a genetic risk score based on whether they carried any of 50 gene¹ variants⁵ that previous studies had found were associated with an increased risk of a heart attack.

　　第四项研究是评估多种风险因素的生物图像研究。基于受试者是否携带先前研究中发现的与心脏病风险增加的50种基因变异，每位受试者都有一个遗传风险评分。

　　The team also gave the participants a lifestyle score based on four lifestyle factors -- no current smoking, a body mass index below 30, physical exercise at least once a week, and a healthy diet. A favorable lifestyle score was defined as following three or four of these health factors, intermediate was two factors and unfavorable was one or no healthy factors.

　　基于四种生活方式因素：目前不抽烟、身体质量指数低于30、每周至少锻炼一次和健康的饮食，该研究团队也会给出受试者的生活方式评分。生活方式评分良好需遵循3—4种健康因素，中等评分为2种因素，不及格则为一种或零种因素。

　　新研究表明健康的生活方式可降低遗传性心脏病病发的风险.jpg

　　Across all three of the prospective studies, the researchers saw that a higher genetic risk score significantly increased the risk of heart disease, by as much as 90 percent in those at the highest risk. Risk factors such as a family history and a high level of LDL cholesterol⁶ were also associated with an elevated genetic risk score, although it was genetic risk that was the most powerful contributor to an increased probability of heart attack.

　　在所有这三项前瞻性研究中，研究员们发现更高的遗传性风险评分会在很大程度上增加心脏病患病风险，遗传性风险最高的受试者增加心脏病患病的风险率高达90%。家族史和高水平的低密度脂蛋白胆固醇等风险因素也与风险遗传评分过高相关，尽管遗传因素是心脏病患病风险增加的最主要因素。

　　However the team also found that each healthy lifestyle factor reduced risk of heart disease, with the results showing that following a favorable lifestyle could reduce the incidence of coronary events by 50 percent, even in those with the highest genetic risk scores. And among the participants in the BioImage study, which looked at the levels of atherosclerotic plaques⁸ in the coronary arteries⁹, healthy lifestyle factors were associated with less extensive plaque⁷ in each genetic risk group.

　　然而，该团队还发现每一种健康的生活方式因素都能降低心脏病患病风险，研究结果表明生活方式健康可降低50%的冠状动脉病发率，即使对那些有着最高遗传风险评分的人来说也是如此。生物图像研究观察在冠状动脉中动脉粥样硬化的斑块水平，对于该研究的受试者而言，健康的生活方式可降低每一遗传风险小组的斑块程度。

1 gene   

n.遗传因子，基因

参考例句：

• A single gene may have many effects.单一基因可能具有很多种效应。
• The targeting of gene therapy has been paid close attention.其中基因治疗的靶向性是值得密切关注的问题之一。

2 genetic   

adj.遗传的，遗传学的

参考例句：

• It's very difficult to treat genetic diseases.遗传性疾病治疗起来很困难。
• Each daughter cell can receive a full complement of the genetic information.每个子细胞可以收到遗传信息的一个完全补偿物。

3 analyzing   

v.分析；分析( analyze的现在分词 )；分解；解释；对…进行心理分析n.分析

参考例句：

• Analyzing the date of some socialist countries presents even greater problem s. 分析某些社会主义国家的统计数据，暴露出的问题甚至更大。 来自辞典例句
• He undoubtedly was not far off the mark in analyzing its predictions. 当然，他对其预测所作的分析倒也八九不离十。 来自辞典例句

4 prospective   

adj.预期的，未来的，前瞻性的

参考例句：

• The story should act as a warning to other prospective buyers.这篇报道应该对其他潜在的购买者起到警示作用。
• They have all these great activities for prospective freshmen.这会举办各种各样的活动来招待未来的新人。

5 variants   

n.变体( variant的名词复数 )；变种；变型；（词等的）变体

参考例句：

• Those variants will be preserved in the'struggle for existence". 这些变异将在“生存竞争”中被保留下来。 来自辞典例句
• Like organisms, viruses have variants, generally called strains. 与其他生物一样，病毒也有变种，一般称之为株系。 来自辞典例句

6 cholesterol   

n.（U）胆固醇

参考例句：

• There is cholesterol in the cell of body.人体细胞里有胆固醇。
• They are determining the serum-protein and cholesterol levels.他们正在测定血清蛋白和胆固醇的浓度。

7 plaque   

n.饰板，匾，(医)血小板

参考例句：

• There is a commemorative plaque to the artist in the village hall.村公所里有一块纪念该艺术家的牌匾。
• Some Latin words were engraved on the plaque. 牌匾上刻着些拉丁文。

8 plaques   

（纪念性的）匾牌( plaque的名词复数 )； 纪念匾； 牙斑； 空斑

参考例句：

• Primary plaques were detectable in 16 to 20 hours. 在16到20小时内可查出原发溶斑。
• The gondoliers wore green and white livery and silver plaques on their chests. 船夫们穿着白绿两色的制服，胸前别着银质徽章。

9 arteries   

n.动脉( artery的名词复数 )；干线，要道

参考例句：

• Even grafting new blood vessels in place of the diseased coronary arteries has been tried. 甚至移植新血管代替不健康的冠状动脉的方法都已经试过。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• This is the place where the three main arteries of West London traffic met. 这就是伦敦西部三条主要交通干线的交汇处。 来自《简明英汉词典》