整天坐着会带来哪些可怕的后果

 　　1. You Can Say Goodbye to Good Cholesterol¹ After Just 2 Hours of Sitting

　　1. 只要坐了俩小时，你就可以对好胆固醇说再见了

　　Just like a light switch, electrical activity flips² off the moment your butt³ hits the chair. "Calorie burning is significantly reduced and lipoprotein lipase, an enzyme⁴ that assists with the breakdown⁵ of fat, dramatically and rapidly drops," says Dominique Wakefield, a health and fitness expert for the American Council on Exercise (ACE⁶). That enzyme also plays a role in changing low-density lipoprotein (bad cholesterol) to high-density lipoprotein (good cholesterol). Sitting for eight or more hours a day - a pretty standard amount of time for people who work desk jobs! - decreases the enzyme's ability to convert bad to good by 95 percent, scientists at The Ohio State University have found.

　　就像电灯的开关一样，在你坐上椅子的那一刻，电源就关闭了。“热量燃烧会显著减少，一种帮助分解脂肪的脂蛋白脂肪酶也会急剧快速地下降，”美国运动协会的健康健身专家多米尼克?韦克菲尔德说道。脂蛋白脂肪酶还在将低密度脂蛋白（坏胆固醇）转化为高密度脂蛋白（好胆固醇）方面起着作用。俄亥俄州立大学的科学家们发现：每天坐8小时及以上——那些坐在办公桌前工作的人的标准时间！——那么脂蛋白脂肪酶转化坏胆固醇为好胆固醇的能力就会降低95%。

　　2. Your Muscles Will Ache - Like, All the Time

　　2. 你的肌肉会一直酸痛

　　"The lack of attention to these things is what causes the problem. Sitting well, so it has minimal⁷ negative effects on you, is a skill. And like any skill it will take some effort to learn, but eventually will become habitual," Schneider says.

　　“不注意这些事情就会造成这一问题。坐姿正确是种技能，会使负面影响最小。如其它技能一样，这一技能也是需要花时间学习的，但最终会成为你的习惯，”施耐德说道。

　　Be mindful of your posture⁸ and adjust alignment¹⁰ as needed, says Jessica Matthews, a personal training expert for ACE who's based in San Diego. "While standing¹¹, your ear, shoulder, hip¹², knee and ankle should form a straight line with the spine¹³ in an 'S' shape, due to its natural curvature. This also applies while in a seated position, except that the ear, shoulder, and hip should align⁹, and the knee and ankle should align."

　　注意自己的坐姿，并根据需要进行调整，位于圣地亚哥的杰西卡?马修斯说道，她是美国运动协会的私人训练专家。“站着的时候，由于脊椎的自然弯度，你的耳朵、肩膀、臀部、膝盖和脚踝需与其成一条直线，呈S型。坐着的时候，这也同样适用，只是耳朵、肩膀和臀部应成直线，膝盖和脚踝应成直线。”

　　Until you master pro-level sitting, expect tight hip muscles, increased back and neck pain, and possible breathing difficulties, since the rounded shoulder, tucked chin posture decreases the ability of your ribs¹⁴ to expand, Schneider says.

　　除非你掌握了专业级坐姿，否则就等着臀部肌肉变紧、后背和脖子越来越痛吧，甚至你还会呼吸困难，因为呈圆形的肩膀和缩进的下巴会降低肋骨伸展的能力，施耐德说道。

　　3. Your Risk for Cancer, Type 2 Diabetes¹⁵, and Cardiovascular Disease Will Climb

　　3. 患癌症、2型糖尿病和冠心病的风险会飙升

　　Beyond making you gain extra pounds, being too stationary¹⁶ can do a number on your longevity¹⁷. "Sitting increases risk of death up to 40 percent. Inactivity is killing¹⁸ people and is arguably one of this generation's greatest health threats," Wakefield says. Cancer, diabetes and cardiovascular disease risks are more stark¹⁹ when overall physical activity levels are low, too, according to a review in the Annals of Internal Medicine.

　　除了让你长胖，老是坐着也会减少寿命。“坐着会增加40%的死亡风险。不活动会慢慢消耗人的寿命，可以说是这一代人最大的健康威胁之一，”韦克菲尔德说道。《内科学年鉴》的评论表明：当整体的身体活动较低时，患癌症、糖尿病和冠心病的风险更为突出。

1 cholesterol   

n.（U）胆固醇

参考例句：

• There is cholesterol in the cell of body.人体细胞里有胆固醇。
• They are determining the serum-protein and cholesterol levels.他们正在测定血清蛋白和胆固醇的浓度。

2 flips   

轻弹( flip的第三人称单数 )； 按（开关）； 快速翻转； 急挥

参考例句：

• Larry flips on the TV while he is on vacation in Budapest. 赖瑞在布达佩斯渡假时，打开电视收看节目。
• He flips through a book before making a decision. 他在决定买下一本书前总要先草草翻阅一下。

3 butt   

n.笑柄；烟蒂；枪托；臀部；v.用头撞或顶

参考例句：

• The water butt catches the overflow from this pipe.大水桶盛接管子里流出的东西。
• He was the butt of their jokes.他是他们的笑柄。

4 enzyme   

n.酵素，酶

参考例句：

• Above a certain temperature,the enzyme molecule will become unfolded.超过一定温度，酶分子将会展开。
• An enzyme that dissolves the fibrin of blood clots.能溶解血凝块中的纤维的酶。

5 breakdown   

n.垮，衰竭；损坏，故障，倒塌

参考例句：

• She suffered a nervous breakdown.她患神经衰弱。
• The plane had a breakdown in the air,but it was fortunately removed by the ace pilot.飞机在空中发生了故障，但幸运的是被王牌驾驶员排除了。

6 ace   

n.A牌；发球得分；佼佼者；adj.杰出的

参考例句：

• A good negotiator always has more than one ace in the hole.谈判高手总有数张王牌在手。
• He is an ace mechanic.He can repair any cars.他是一流的机械师,什么车都会修。

7 minimal   

adj.尽可能少的，最小的

参考例句：

• They referred to this kind of art as minimal art.他们把这种艺术叫微型艺术。
• I stayed with friends, so my expenses were minimal.我住在朋友家，所以我的花费很小。

8 posture   

n.姿势，姿态，心态，态度；v.作出某种姿势

参考例句：

• The government adopted an uncompromising posture on the issue of independence.政府在独立这一问题上采取了毫不妥协的态度。
• He tore off his coat and assumed a fighting posture.他脱掉上衣，摆出一副打架的架势。

9 align   

vt.使成一线，结盟，调节；vi.成一线，结盟

参考例句：

• Align the ruler and the middle of the paper.使尺子与纸张的中部成一条直线。
• There are signs that the prime minister is aligning himself with the liberals.有迹象表明首相正在与自由党人结盟。

10 alignment   

n.队列；结盟，联合

参考例句：

• The church should have no political alignment.教会不应与政治结盟。
• Britain formed a close alignment with Egypt in the last century.英国在上个世纪与埃及结成了紧密的联盟。

11 standing   

n.持续，地位；adj.永久的，不动的，直立的，不流动的

参考例句：

• After the earthquake only a few houses were left standing.地震过后只有几幢房屋还立着。
• They're standing out against any change in the law.他们坚决反对对法律做任何修改。

12 hip   

n.臀部，髋；屋脊

参考例句：

• The thigh bone is connected to the hip bone.股骨连着髋骨。
• The new coats blouse gracefully above the hip line.新外套在臀围线上优美地打着褶皱。

13 spine   

n.脊柱，脊椎；(动植物的)刺；书脊

参考例句：

• He broke his spine in a fall from a horse.他从马上跌下摔断了脊梁骨。
• His spine developed a slight curve.他的脊柱有点弯曲。

14 ribs   

n.肋骨( rib的名词复数 )；（船或屋顶等的）肋拱；肋骨状的东西；（织物的）凸条花纹

参考例句：

• He suffered cracked ribs and bruising. 他断了肋骨还有挫伤。
• Make a small incision below the ribs. 在肋骨下方切开一个小口。

15 diabetes   

n.糖尿病

参考例句：

• In case of diabetes, physicians advise against the use of sugar.对于糖尿病患者，医生告诫他们不要吃糖。
• Diabetes is caused by a fault in the insulin production of the body.糖尿病是由体內胰岛素分泌失调引起的。

16 stationary   

adj.固定的，静止不动的

参考例句：

• A stationary object is easy to be aimed at.一个静止不动的物体是容易瞄准的。
• Wait until the bus is stationary before you get off.你要等公共汽车停稳了再下车。

17 longevity   

n.长命；长寿

参考例句：

• Good habits promote longevity.良好的习惯能增长寿命。
• Human longevity runs in families.人类的长寿具有家族遗传性。

18 killing   

n.巨额利润；突然赚大钱，发大财

参考例句：

• Investors are set to make a killing from the sell-off.投资者准备清仓以便大赚一笔。
• Last week my brother made a killing on Wall Street.上个周我兄弟在华尔街赚了一大笔。

19 stark   

adj.荒凉的；严酷的；完全的；adv.完全地

参考例句：

• The young man is faced with a stark choice.这位年轻人面临严峻的抉择。
• He gave a stark denial to the rumor.他对谣言加以完全的否认。