阅读理解快速解题三策略

    阅读理解快速解题三策略
    一、快读快读的目的是了解文章的大意和主题思想，并对文章的结构有个总的概念。快读时，应特别注意文章的开始段、结束段、文章中每段的首句和尾句以及篇章连接手段和行文中的信息词，因为它们往往是对文章内容的最精简概括，是左右文章大意的关键。
    二、跳读即根据问题信息跳跃性地阅读文章的某些段落或某些句子。跳读可以加强阅读的针对性、节约阅读时间和提高阅读效率。许多阅读理解的事实细节题均可用跳读法在原文中找到相关的依据，从而迅速做出选择。
    三、细读找到文章中的有关范围以后，即在该范围内逐句阅读，特别对关键词句要仔细琢磨，以便对其有较深刻、较准确的理解和掌握。不仅要理解其字面意思，而且要通过推理、判断，弄清文章字里行间的潜在意思。在细读时，对没有学过的生词，可根据上下文或自己的背景知识等来推测其意思；对难以看懂的长句，可借助语法手段，对其加以分析，以达到透彻理解。
    四、实例下面请看一篇阅读实例(湖南省高考英语阅读试题)：
    The private automobile¹(私家车) has long played an important role in the United² States. In fact, it has become a necessary and important part of the American way of life. In 1986, sixty-nine percent of American families owned at least one car, and thirty-eight percent had more than one. By giving workers rapid transportation³, the automobile has freed them from having to live near their place of work. This has encouraged the growth⁴ of the cities, but it has also led to traffic problems.
    For farm families the automobile is very helpful. It has made it possible for them to travel to town very often for business and for pleasure, and also to transport their children to distant schools.
    Family life has been affected(影响) in various ways. The car helps to keep them to travel to keep families together when it is used for picnics, outings, and other shared experiences. however, when teenage⁵ children have the use of the car, their parents can’t keep an eye on them. There is a great danger if the driver has been drinking alcohol⁶ or taking drugs — or is “showing off” by speeding or breaking other traffic laws. Mothers of victims(受害者) of such accidents have formed an organization called MADD (Mothers Against Drunk⁷ Driving). These women want to prevent further tragedies(悲剧). They have worked to encourage the government to limit the youngest drinking age. Students have formed a similar organization, SADD(Students Against Drunk Driving) and are spreading the same message among their friends.
    For many Americans the automobile is a necessity⁸. But for some, it is also a mark of social position and for young people, a sign of becoming an adult. Altogether, cars mean very much to Americans.
    1. Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the text?
    A. Cars have encouraged the growth of the cities.
    B. Cars can bring families together when they go for picnics.
    C. Cars have enabled⁹ people to live far from their place of work.
    D. Cars help city families to transport their children to faraway schools.
    2. What has been done to deal with the problem of drunk driving?
    A. Parents have paid more attention to their children.
    B. Some organizations have been set up against drunk driving.
    C. Mothers have tried to persuade their children not to drink alcohol.
    D. University students have asked the government to solve the problem.
    3. We can infer¹⁰ from the text that _______ in America.
    A. it will be more difficult for people to get new carsB. parents will not allow their children to have their own carsC. the government will encourage people to use public transportationD. cars will still be popular though they have caused many problems●“快读”短文：可知本文主要介绍美国的私家车情况及私家车对美国人的影响。
    ●“跳读”短文：根据文章第2段的内容可知，汽车是使 farm families transport their children to distant (=faraway) schools。故第1小题选D。
    ●“细读”短文：文章说，为了解决 the problem of drunk driving，有关人士成立了不同的组织，如母亲们成立了 MADD，学生们成立了 SADD，等等。故第2题选B。再根据文章第1段说美国在1986年就有69%的家庭至少拥有1辆汽车，38%的家庭拥有1辆以上的汽车，而文章最后一段又说 For many Americans the automobile is a necessity。由此可知第3题选D最佳。

1 automobile   

n.汽车，机动车

参考例句：

• He is repairing the brake lever of an automobile.他正在修理汽车的刹车杆。
• The automobile slowed down to go around the curves in the road.汽车在路上转弯时放慢了速度。

2 united   

adj.和谐的；团结的；联合的，统一的

参考例句：

• The whole nation is closely united.全国人民紧密团结。
• The two men were united by community of interests.共同的利益使两个人结合在一起。

3 transportation   

n.运输，运输系统，运输工具

参考例句：

• The transportation of goods by air costs a lot.航空运输货物花费很高。
• He finally solved the difficulty of transportation.他终于解决了运输的困难。

4 growth   

n.生长，栽培

参考例句：

• All living things depend on the sun for their growth.万物靠太阳生长。
• Youth is the time of physical growth.青年时期是长身体的时期。

5 teenage   

adj.青少年的；十几岁的

参考例句：

• His voice is very high for a teenage boy.对一个十几岁的男孩来说，他的嗓音很尖。
• He is too old now for teenage parties.他年龄太大了，不适于参加少年聚会。

6 alcohol   

n.酒精，乙醇；含酒精的饮料

参考例句：

• The law forbids shops to sell alcohol to minors.法律禁止商店向未成年者出售含酒精的饮料。
• The alcohol is industrial.这些酒精是供工业用的。

7 drunk   

adj.醉酒的；(喻)陶醉的；n.酗酒者，醉汉

参考例句：

• People who drives when they are drunk should be heavily penalised.醉酒驾车的人应受重罚。
• She found him drunk when she came home at night.她晚上回家时，经常发现他醉醺醺的。

8 necessity   

n.必要性，需要；必需品

参考例句：

• I look upon this as an absolute necessity.我认为这是绝对必要的。
• You must understand the necessity of education.你必须懂得教育的必要性。

9 enabled   

adj.激活的v.使能够，提供做…的权利[措施]( enable的过去式和过去分词 )；使可能

参考例句：

• His photographic memory enabled him to tuck away yards of facts. 他过目不忘的记忆力使他能记下大量事实。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• Long practice enabled that American to speak fluent Chinese. 长期的练习使得那个美国人能讲一口流利的汉语。 来自《简明英汉词典》

10 infer   

vt.推论，推断；猜想

参考例句：

• People usually infer an unknown fact from a known fact.人们通常从已知的事实中推断未知的事实。
• From your smile I infer that you're pleased.从你的笑容，我断定你很高兴。