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 　　II．现象法

　　对某种社会现象、倾向或社会问题进行剖析的文章往往在文章一开始首先引出这种

　　现象或问题，然后评论。本节句型就适用于这种开头。

　　11　Recently the　rise in

　　phenomenon of

　　problem of

　　question of　... has

　　11　drawn¹ / aroused public / popular / grave / world-wide attention

　　caused /aroused wide / general / considerable / international concern

　　arisen /loomed up /cropped up as controversial /as noteworthy/more

　　distinctly for settlement

　　11.1 Recently, the alarm about the problem of the use of genetic²

　　technologies on human beings have caused wide public concern, and

　　understandably so. With nuclear energy threatening global catastrophe³ and

　　with so many other technological⁴ advances visibly damaging the quality of

　　life, who would wish to have scientists tampering⁵ with man's inner nature?

　　Indeed, fear of such manipulation may amuse even more anxiety than fear of

　　death.

　　最近，有关把遗传技术用于人类自身而产生的问题的警示已引起了公众的广泛关

　　注。这是可以理解的。核能开发正威胁着全球的生存，其它许多技术进步也正明显地危

　　害生活的质量。在这种情况下，谁还会希望科学家来任意改变人体内部机能呢？确实，

　　害怕对人的操纵所引起的担忧可能会超过对死亡的害怕。

　　11.2 Recently psychologists have found only about two percent of adults

　　use their creativity, compared with ten percent of seven-year-old children.

　　When five-year-olds were tested, the result soared to ninety percent! The

　　findings set off many people thinking. Curiosity and originality⁶ are daily

　　occurrences for the small child, but somehow most of us lose the freedom and

　　flexibility⁷ of the child as we grow older. The need to follow "directions"

　　and "do-it-right", plus the many societal constraints⁸ we put on ourselves,

　　prevent us from using our creative potential.

　　最近，心理学家发现在使用自己创造力方面，成人只有2％，而7岁的儿童竟有10

　　％。如果在5岁的儿童中测试，这个数上升到90％。这些发现引起许多人思索。好奇心

　　和创造性每天可在小孩子身上发现，而当我们逐步长大成人，多数人丧失了孩子的那种

　　自由和灵活性。“按常规去做”，“按正确的去做”，以及种种社会的清规戒律把我们

　　束缚住了，使我们无法发挥自己的创造潜力。

　　12　 Recently the　issue

　　problem

　　question　of... has been　in the limelight.

　　brought into focus.

　　brought to public attention.

　　posed among the general public.

　　12.1 The problem of development vs. environment has now been in the

　　limelight. Nowhere is the clash more visible than in China, where the

　　world's largest population faces pollution, deforestation and acid rain on a

　　large scale.

　　现在发展与环境的问题已成为人们议论的中心。在中国这对矛盾表现得尤为明显。

　　这个世界上人口最多的国家正面临着大量的环境污染、森林减少以及酸雨的袭击。

　　13　 In　 recent

　　the past　5 years, many　cities

　　nations

　　people　have　been faced /plagued /troubled with

　　experienced/witnessed /undergone　the

　　a(n)　serious problem of

　　acute shortage of

　　alarming increase in

　　13.1 In recent years many factories of our country have been faced with

　　the problem of how to make their workers more productive. Seeing many idle

　　workers smoking, chatting, or playing cards during the working hours, some

　　experts claim that the solution is to increase economic reward. Other people

　　feel that "the iron rice bowl" should be roughly smashed. But does mere⁹

　　money lead to greater productivity?

　　近年来我国许多工厂一直面临着如何提高工人的生产效率的问题。针对许多工人上

　　班的无所事事，抽烟，聊天或打牌的现象，有些专家主张通过增加经济报酬来解决。另

　　一些人认为应彻底打破铁饭碗。但是增加钱是否就能提高生产率呢？

　　13.2 In recent years, China has experienced an alarming increase in

　　juvenile¹⁰ crime ------ that is, crime committed by individuals who haven't

　　come of age. Whether the category is murder or robbery, mugging or rape¹¹, the

　　story is the same: juvenile crime is on the rise. Our society has

　　traditionally treated the juvenile as a special kind of offender¹², one who

　　warrants punishment different from that given to an adult, even though the

　　crime may be the same. Now it is time we asked ourselves: Does the treatment

　　work?

　　最近几年，中国的青少年犯罪率急剧上升。不管那些没成年人的犯罪涉及到谋杀、

　　偷盗、抢劫或是强奸，情形是一样的：青少年犯

　　罪在增加。我们社会的传统做法是把这些青少年当成一种特殊的罪犯处理，尽管他们的

　　罪行和成年人一样，但所给的惩罚和成年人不同。现在该是问一问我们自己的时候了：

　　这种做法是否有效？

　　14　 One of the　searching

　　burning

　　pressing

　　interesting questions

　　problems facing

　　confronting our nation

　　society

　　world today is ...

　　14.1 One of the basic questions facing our society today is: What promise

　　or threat does new technology hold for our global future? Since the

　　decisions our society makes about technological development will undoubtedly¹³

　　have tremendous consequences in the years to come, it is urgently necessary

　　to explore this question, especially by examining science and technology in

　　their relationship to the development of humanity.

　　当今社会面临的基本问题之一是：新技术会给世界的将来带来什么样的希望或威胁

　　？由于我们的社会所作出的关于技术发展的决定会毫无疑问对未来产生巨大影响，因此

　　探索这个问题，尤其是通过检查科学技术与人类发展的关系来这样做就变得非常紧迫和

　　必要了。

　　14.2 It has become apparent to us that one of the biggest problems

　　confronting our Chinese education today is the increasing vocationalization

　　of our colleges and universities. Throughout the country schools are under

　　economic pressure to become job-training centers and employment agencies.

　　All courses are geared to cater¹⁴ to the business needs.

　　很明显中国的教育现在面临的最大问题之一是高等院校职业化倾向。在经济发展的

　　压力下，全国许多大学成了职业培训中心或就业市场机构。课程的设置都一昧迎合市场

　　的需要。

　　15　 One of the　biggest issues

　　hottest topics

　　most popular things

　　most serious problems　many people　talk

　　complain　about now is...

　　15.1 One of the most popular topics many city residents talk about now is

　　the tide of the rural poor flooding the cities. They complain that the

　　migrants have brought crime and prostitution, that they are putting pressure

　　on population control and social order; that they are threatening to take

　　already scarce city jobs and exacerbating¹⁵ housing shortages; and that they

　　have worsened traffic and sanitation¹⁶ problems. True, these are the problems

　　posed by the migration¹⁷, but what about the contribution the rural worker

　　have made to the city's development and prosperity?

　　许多市民现在谈得最多的话题之一是源源不断涌进城市的民工潮。他们抱怨民工把

　　犯罪和卖淫带来了，给城市人口的控制和社会秩序带来了压力，并威胁着夺走本来已很

　　紧张的城市工作机会，使得城市住房、交通、卫生等问题更为突出。是的，这些都是民

　　工潮带来的问题，但怎么看待他们对城市的发展和繁荣所作出的贡献呢？

　　15.2 One of the best qualities that most people admire in others is the

　　willingness to admit one's mistakes. It is extremely hard sometimes to say a

　　simple thing like "I was wrong about that", and it is even harder to say, "I

　　was wrong, and you were right about that".

　　大多数人所佩服的别人的最好的品质之一，是敢于承认自己的错误。有时人们发觉

　　很难开口说这样简单的话：“在这一点上是

　　我错了。”而说：“我错了，你是对的。”则更难。

1 drawn   

v.拖，拉，拔出；adj.憔悴的，紧张的

参考例句：

• All the characters in the story are drawn from life.故事中的所有人物都取材于生活。
• Her gaze was drawn irresistibly to the scene outside.她的目光禁不住被外面的风景所吸引。

2 genetic   

adj.遗传的，遗传学的

参考例句：

• It's very difficult to treat genetic diseases.遗传性疾病治疗起来很困难。
• Each daughter cell can receive a full complement of the genetic information.每个子细胞可以收到遗传信息的一个完全补偿物。

3 catastrophe   

n.大灾难，大祸

参考例句：

• I owe it to you that I survived the catastrophe.亏得你我才大难不死。
• This is a catastrophe beyond human control.这是一场人类无法控制的灾难。

4 technological   

adj.技术的；工艺的

参考例句：

• A successful company must keep up with the pace of technological change.一家成功的公司必须得跟上技术变革的步伐。
• Today,the pace of life is increasing with technological advancements.当今， 随着科技进步，生活节奏不断增快。

5 tampering   

v.窜改( tamper的现在分词 )；篡改；（用不正当手段）影响；瞎摆弄

参考例句：

• Two policemen were accused of tampering with the evidence. 有两名警察被控篡改证据。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• As Harry London had forecast, Brookside's D-day caught many meter-tampering offenders. 正如哈里·伦敦预见到的那样，布鲁克赛德的D日行动抓住了不少非法改装仪表的人。 来自辞典例句

6 originality   

n.创造力，独创性；新颖

参考例句：

• The name of the game in pop music is originality.流行音乐的本质是独创性。
• He displayed an originality amounting almost to genius.他显示出近乎天才的创造性。

7 flexibility   

n.柔韧性，弹性，（光的）折射性，灵活性

参考例句：

• Her great strength lies in her flexibility.她的优势在于她灵活变通。
• The flexibility of a man's muscles will lessen as he becomes old.人老了肌肉的柔韧性将降低。

8 constraints   

强制( constraint的名词复数 )； 限制； 约束

参考例句：

• Data and constraints can easily be changed to test theories. 信息库中的数据和限制条件可以轻易地改变以检验假设。 来自英汉非文学 - 科学史
• What are the constraints that each of these imply for any design? 这每种产品的要求和约束对于设计意味着什么？ 来自About Face 3交互设计精髓

9 mere   

adj.纯粹的；仅仅，只不过

参考例句：

• That is a mere repetition of what you said before.那不过是重复了你以前讲的话。
• It's a mere waste of time waiting any longer.再等下去纯粹是浪费时间。

10 juvenile   

n.青少年，少年读物；adj.青少年的，幼稚的

参考例句：

• For a grown man he acted in a very juvenile manner.身为成年人，他的行为举止显得十分幼稚。
• Juvenile crime is increasing at a terrifying rate.青少年犯罪正在以惊人的速度增长。

11 rape   

n.抢夺，掠夺，强奸；vt.掠夺，抢夺，强奸

参考例句：

• The rape of the countryside had a profound ravage on them.对乡村的掠夺给他们造成严重创伤。
• He was brought to court and charged with rape.他被带到法庭并被指控犯有强奸罪。

12 offender   

n.冒犯者，违反者，犯罪者

参考例句：

• They all sued out a pardon for an offender.他们请求法院赦免一名罪犯。
• The authorities often know that sex offenders will attack again when they are released.当局一般都知道性犯罪者在获释后往往会再次犯案。

13 undoubtedly   

adv.确实地，无疑地

参考例句：

• It is undoubtedly she who has said that.这话明明是她说的。
• He is undoubtedly the pride of China.毫无疑问他是中国的骄傲。

14 cater   

vi.(for/to)满足，迎合；(for)提供饮食及服务

参考例句：

• I expect he will be able to cater for your particular needs.我预计他能满足你的特殊需要。
• Most schools cater for children of different abilities.大多数学校能够满足具有不同天资的儿童的需要。

15 exacerbating   

v.使恶化，使加重( exacerbate的现在分词 )

参考例句：

• This pedagogical understretch is exacerbating social inequalities. 这种教学张力不足加重了社会不平等。 来自互联网
• High fertilizer prices are exacerbating the problem. 高涨的肥料价格更加加剧了问题的恶化。 来自互联网

16 sanitation   

n.公共卫生，环境卫生，卫生设备

参考例句：

• The location is exceptionally poor,viewed from the sanitation point.从卫生角度来看，这个地段非常糟糕。
• Many illnesses are the result,f inadequate sanitation.许多疾病都来源于不健全的卫生设施。

17 migration   

n.迁移，移居，（鸟类等的）迁徙

参考例句：

• Swallows begin their migration south in autumn.燕子在秋季开始向南方迁移。
• He described the vernal migration of birds in detail.他详细地描述了鸟的春季移居。