homicide和murder的差异

　　What is the difference between 'homicide' and 'murder'? Is there a difference in British and American usage with regard to this term?
Thanks in advance.
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A lawyer should really answer this. I'm not a lawyer, but here are a couple of comments.
homicide - Focuses on the killing¹ of a human being, in the same way that 'fratricide' focuses on killing one's brother, 'suicide' on killing one's self, etc. Homicide is not necessarily a crime. If a police officer kills someone who shoots first at him, this is not illegal, not murder. 'Justifiable² homicide' is the phrase I often hear.
murder - Focuses on the unlawful killing of a human being. Involves some degree of premeditation or intention （first degree and second degree murder, murder in cold blood or in hot blood）. Careless, accidental killing is 'manslaughter' rather than 'murder'.
I look forward to a lawyer's more detailed³ explanation.
Best wishes, Clive
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Thanks for the explanation. I agree with what you've said. What prompted me to ask this question is because my student asked me for the definition of 'homicide'. After explaining to him, I referred to his dictionary to make sure, and was surprised by what I read. It states that 'homicide' is AmE and 'murder' is BrE or maybe the other way round. I cannot remember which is which.
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Same usage here in the U.S.
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As I understand it, "homicide" is the blanket term for any form of unlawful killing.
Within homicide are sub-terms : murder [killing with malice⁴ - planned and intentional⁵ killing] and manslaughter [unlawful killing without malice or premeditation] or culpable⁶ homicide [used in Scotland - killing as the result of improper⁷ conduct].
Recent legislation has made changes to these definitions, but essentially⁸ you can say that homicide and murder are synonymous.
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In Singapore, if someone is found guilty of murder, he or she will be sentenced to death by hanging.
In the case of 'homicide', it will be a long prison term.
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It seems that in Singapore, the term "homicide" is being used where in Britain we would use either manslaughter or culpable homicide.
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The answer of the original question depends on the jurisdictions¹⁰. In some jurisdictions homocide includes various murders like falony murder and capital murder and therefore it is the wider term, which explains why they are used sometimes synonymosly. Maybe you should limit the question to Singapore or to the further jurisdictions of interest? In Germany they are not synonym⁹ but it would take too long to explain.
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In Singapore, I read in the newspaper "culpable homicide not amounting to murder". Is this term used in America or Britain?
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As you will see in my earlier reply, "culpable homicide" is used in Scottish law.
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I was referrring to the whole phrase 'culpable homicide not amounting to murder'. Is this phrase used in America or the UK?
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Hi, I've never heard it. Clive
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Sorry - no. A Google search indicates that the phrase is one used in India and the Far East. No US or UK hits （apart from media reports）
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I presume it is wrong usage; it is Singaporean English.
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Actually, I don't think so. The Google search showed that there is a murder charge called this in the Indian legal structure, and it may well be the same in Singapore.
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But Indian English is not recognised, right? Neither is Singapore English. I think I would accept AmE, BrE or Australian English.
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What exactly are you looking for? Your student asked about the difference between homicide and murder, and that has been clearly answered. As to the phrase you are questioning, legal terms for criminal acts vary from one country to another. In India, this phrase seems to be a correct legal term for a crime. It may also be one that is used in Singapore. It is not necessarily a question of inaccurate¹¹ local English.
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Hi all, Sorry, I know this is off topic but I really couldn't find a better opportunity to ask this question. Is the word one a typo, or was it intended to be used here? Thank you. Best wishes, Peaceblinkfriend
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Hi, It's OK, not a typo. Clive
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Okay. I now know it is not a typo. Thank you, Clive. Could you please tell me why it is used here? What does it do to the sentence? Thanks again. Best wishes, Peaceblinkfriend
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Hi.
the phrase is one used in India and the Far East
Could you please tell me why it is used here? What does it do to the sentence?
'One' is in this kind of context a noun that refers to a single person/thing. Often, this is something that has been mentioned previously¹².
eg I looked at a red car and a blue car. I bought the blue one.
eg I need to buy a car. I want one that is red.
Best wishes, Clive
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Hi Clive
A Google search indicates that the phrase is one used in India and the Far East. No US or UK hits （apart from media reports） If I remove 'one', does the meaning change?
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Hi,
Not much in this case. However, the use of one here tends to suggest that there are others. Consider these more concrete examples.
eg The car that the police are looking for is damaged at the front.
eg The car that the police are looking for is one damaged at the front. This version more explicitly¹³ recognizes that there may be several cars with damage at the front.
Best wishes, Clive

1 killing   

n.巨额利润；突然赚大钱，发大财

参考例句：

• Investors are set to make a killing from the sell-off.投资者准备清仓以便大赚一笔。
• Last week my brother made a killing on Wall Street.上个周我兄弟在华尔街赚了一大笔。

2 justifiable   

adj.有理由的，无可非议的

参考例句：

• What he has done is hardly justifiable.他的所作所为说不过去。
• Justifiable defense is the act being exempted from crimes.正当防卫不属于犯罪行为。

3 detailed   

adj.详细的，详尽的，极注意细节的，完全的

参考例句：

• He had made a detailed study of the terrain.他对地形作了缜密的研究。
• A detailed list of our publications is available on request.我们的出版物有一份详细的目录备索。

4 malice   

n.恶意，怨恨，蓄意；[律]预谋

参考例句：

• I detected a suggestion of malice in his remarks.我觉察出他说的话略带恶意。
• There was a strong current of malice in many of his portraits.他的许多肖像画中都透着一股强烈的怨恨。

5 intentional   

adj.故意的，有意（识）的

参考例句：

• Let me assure you that it was not intentional.我向你保证那不是故意的。
• His insult was intentional.他的侮辱是有意的。

6 culpable   

adj.有罪的，该受谴责的

参考例句：

• The judge found the man culpable.法官认为那个人有罪。
• Their decision to do nothing makes them culpable.他们不采取任何行动的决定使他们难辞其咎。

7 improper   

adj.不适当的，不合适的，不正确的，不合礼仪的

参考例句：

• Short trousers are improper at a dance.舞会上穿短裤不成体统。
• Laughing and joking are improper at a funeral.葬礼时大笑和开玩笑是不合适的。

8 essentially   

adv.本质上，实质上，基本上

参考例句：

• Really great men are essentially modest.真正的伟人大都很谦虚。
• She is an essentially selfish person.她本质上是个自私自利的人。

9 synonym   

n.同义词，换喻词

参考例句：

• Zhuge Liang is a synonym for wisdom in folklore.诸葛亮在民间传说中成了智慧的代名词。
• The term 'industrial democracy' is often used as a synonym for worker participation. “工业民主”这个词常被用作“工人参与”的同义词。

10 jurisdictions   

司法权( jurisdiction的名词复数 )； 裁判权； 管辖区域； 管辖范围

参考例句：

• Butler entreated him to remember the act abolishing the heritable jurisdictions. 巴特勒提醒他注意废除世袭审判权的国会法令。
• James I personally adjudicated between the two jurisdictions. 詹姆士一世亲自裁定双方纠纷。

11 inaccurate   

adj.错误的，不正确的，不准确的

参考例句：

• The book is both inaccurate and exaggerated.这本书不但不准确，而且夸大其词。
• She never knows the right time because her watch is inaccurate.她从来不知道准确的时间因为她的表不准。

12 previously   

adv.以前，先前（地）

参考例句：

• The bicycle tyre blew out at a previously damaged point.自行车胎在以前损坏过的地方又爆开了。
• Let me digress for a moment and explain what had happened previously.让我岔开一会儿，解释原先发生了什么。

13 explicitly   

ad.明确地，显然地

参考例句：

• The plan does not explicitly endorse the private ownership of land. 该计划没有明确地支持土地私有制。
• SARA amended section 113 to provide explicitly for a right to contribution. 《最高基金修正与再授权法案》修正了第123条，清楚地规定了分配权。 来自英汉非文学 - 环境法 - 环境法