吃着粽子 跟随《离骚》缅怀屈原

 　　Li Sao is a Chinese poem dating from the Warring States Period, largely written by Qu Yuan (340 BC - 278 BC) of the Kingdom of Chu. One of the most famous poems of pre-Qin China, it is a representative work of the Chu Ci form of poetry. 

　　 《离骚》是战国时期的诗歌，大部分由楚国屈原（公元前340-278）创作。作为楚辞的代表作，《离骚》是先秦时期最著名的诗歌之一。 

　　 The title’s meaning has been debated about even in historical times. Sima Qian interprets the title as "Woes¹ of Departure" i.e. Qu Yuan’s exile, while Ban Gu interprets it as "Encountering Trouble". Sima Qian’s interpretation² is the more adopted one, though recent scholars also theorise that Li Sao is simply a different way of writing Lao Shang; the latter is a generic³ name for a Chu song. In English the title is often translated as either The Lament⁴ or Encountering Trouble. 

　　 “离骚”这个题目的意义在历史上颇有争议。司马迁将其翻译为“离别之悲痛”意指屈原被流放；班固将其译为“遭遇忧患”。尽管新进学者们认为“离骚”只是“劳商”的另一种写法，而“劳商”即楚国歌曲的总称，人们还是多以司马迁的译法为准。英语中“离骚”一般被翻译为“悲歌”或“遭遇忧患”。 

　　 The poem has a total of 372 lines and about 2400 characters, which makes it one of the longest poems dating from Ancient China. While the precise date of composition is unknown it is one of Qu Yuan’s later works, written after his exile by King Huai I of Chu. 

　　 《离骚》共有372行，2400余字，是中国古代以来最长的诗歌之一。虽然《离骚》的具体创作时间未知，但可以确定它是在屈原被楚怀王流放之后的作品。 

　　 As a representative work of Chu poetry it makes use of a wide range of metaphors⁵ derived⁶ from the culture of Chu, including shamanistic elements such as divination⁷ and the presence of spirits, as well as references in ancient history and legendary⁸ figures. Because of these influences the poem is seen as an initiator of a Romantic tradition of poetry in China. 

　　 作为楚辞的代表作，《离骚》中有大量源自楚国文化的比喻，包括占卜、显灵等萨满教元素，以及历史和神话传说中的人物形象。因此，这首诗开创了中国诗歌的浪漫主义先河。

1 woes   

困境( woe的名词复数 )； 悲伤； 我好苦哇； 某人就要倒霉

参考例句：

• Thanks for listening to my woes. 谢谢您听我诉说不幸的遭遇。
• She has cried the blues about its financial woes. 对于经济的困难她叫苦不迭。

2 interpretation   

n.解释，说明，描述；艺术处理

参考例句：

• His statement admits of one interpretation only.他的话只有一种解释。
• Analysis and interpretation is a very personal thing.分析与说明是个很主观的事情。

3 generic   

adj.一般的，普通的，共有的

参考例句：

• I usually buy generic clothes instead of name brands.我通常买普通的衣服，不买名牌。
• The generic woman appears to have an extraordinary faculty for swallowing the individual.一般妇女在婚后似乎有特别突出的抑制个性的能力。

4 lament   

n.悲叹，悔恨，恸哭；v.哀悼，悔恨，悲叹

参考例句：

• Her face showed lament.她的脸上露出悲伤的样子。
• We lament the dead.我们哀悼死者。

5 metaphors   

隐喻( metaphor的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• I can only represent it to you by metaphors. 我只能用隐喻来向你描述它。
• Thus, She's an angel and He's a lion in battle are metaphors. 因此她是天使，他是雄狮都是比喻说法。

6 derived   

vi.起源；由来；衍生；导出v.得到( derive的过去式和过去分词 )；（从…中）得到获得；源于；（从…中）提取

参考例句：

• Many English words are derived from Latin and Greek. 英语很多词源出于拉丁文和希腊文。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• He derived his enthusiasm for literature from his father. 他对文学的爱好是受他父亲的影响。 来自《简明英汉词典》

7 divination   

n.占卜，预测

参考例句：

• Divination is made up of a little error and superstition,plus a lot of fraud.占卜是由一些谬误和迷信构成，再加上大量的欺骗。
• Katherine McCormack goes beyond horoscopes and provides a quick guide to other forms of divination.凯瑟琳·麦考马克超越了占星并给其它形式的预言提供了快速的指导。

8 legendary   

adj.传奇（中）的，闻名遐迩的；n.传奇（文学）

参考例句：

• Legendary stories are passed down from parents to children.传奇故事是由父母传给孩子们的。
• Odysseus was a legendary Greek hero.奥狄修斯是传说中的希腊英雄。