2014考研英语指导（二）：单词在写作中的作用

 　　2.单词在写作中的作用

　　Example 1

　　Our Right Attitudes Toward Animals

　　Your essay should meet the requirements below:

　　1) Describe the cartoon and deduce the purpose of the drawer of the cartoon;

　　2) State the negative effects of eating wild animals; and

　　3) Give your suggestion as to how to solve the problem.

　　As is depicted¹ in the cartoon, both the cat and snake are on the table, with tears in their eyes, waiting to be eaten by humans. Through this p

　　icture, the drawer condemns² the eating of wild animals and calls for our sympathy for and protection of them.

　　Eating wild animals gives rise to a lot of negative effects. In the first place, as many wild animals carry parasites³ or viruses, when we eat the animals, the parasites or viruses enter our bodies, thus causing a lot of illnesses. The severe acute respiratory syndrome⁴ (SARS) is a case in point. It was reported that the virus derived⁵ from a “delicious” animal and the disease has claimed thousands of lives throughout the world and brought great damages to people’s properties. In the second place, since animals are an indispensable part of our environment, the extinction⁶ of some animals may disturb the natural balance. Last but not least, eating wild animals is cruel. After all, wild animals are our close friends.

　　Since eating animals causes so many harms, we should work together to put an end to the problem. On the one hand, the government should make stricter laws to prohibit people from eating wild animals, just as our government has been doing. On the other hand, all the people should realize the harms of eating wild animals and refrain from doing so. Only through these measures can we hope to solve the problem.

　　果子狸，花面狸：masked civet, gem-faced civet

　　筷子：chopsticks

　　刀叉：knife and fork

　　非典型肺炎：atypical pneumonia⁷, severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)

　　夺去几千人的生命：claimed thousands of lives

　　健康的生活(饮食)方式：healthy lifestyle (diet)

　　禁止做，不做：ban sth., ban doing sth., prevent sb. from doing sth., stop sb. from doing sth., refrain from sth./doing sth., prohibit sth./sb. from doing sth.

　　Example 2

　　Two months ago you got a job as an editor for the magazine Design & Fashions. But now you find that the work is not what you expected. You decide to quit. Write a letter to your boss, Mr. Wang, telling him your decision, stating your reason(s), and making an apology.

　　Write your letter with no less than 100 words. Write it neatly⁸ on ANSWER SHEET 2. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter; use “Li Ming” instead. You do not need to write the address. (10 points)

　　Dear Mr. Wang,

　　I’m writing this letter to inform you of my decision to resign from my current position. There are several reasons why I have to do this.

　　First of all, I find that what I learned at university cannot meet the requirements of my job. Therefore, I plan to study further and decide to prepare for the entrance exams for graduate schools. In addition, I am more interested in communicating with people instead of the words. In the end, the work pressure is too much for me, which has affected⁹ my health.

　　I’m sorry for any inconvenience my resignation may cause. I hope you will approve of it and I’m looking forward to your reply.

　　Yours sincerely,

　　Li Ming

　　Chances favor the minds that are prepared.

　　本文由在线英语听力室整理编辑。

1 depicted   

描绘，描画( depict的过去式和过去分词 )； 描述

参考例句：

• Other animals were depicted on the periphery of the group. 其他动物在群像的外围加以修饰。
• They depicted the thrilling situation to us in great detail. 他们向我们详细地描述了那激动人心的场面。

2 condemns   

v.（通常因道义上的原因而）谴责( condemn的第三人称单数 )；宣判；宣布…不能使用；迫使…陷于不幸的境地

参考例句：

• Her widowhood condemns her to a lonely old age. 守寡使她不得不过着孤独的晚年生活。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• The public opinion condemns prostitution. 公众舆论遣责卖淫。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》

3 parasites   

寄生物( parasite的名词复数 )； 靠他人为生的人； 诸虫

参考例句：

• These symptoms may be referable to virus infection rather than parasites. 这些症状也许是由病毒感染引起的，而与寄生虫无关。
• Kangaroos harbor a vast range of parasites. 袋鼠身上有各种各样的寄生虫。

4 syndrome   

n.综合病症；并存特性

参考例句：

• The Institute says that an unidentified virus is to blame for the syndrome. 该研究所表示,引起这种综合症的是一种尚未确认的病毒。
• Results indicated that 11 fetuses had Down syndrome. 结果表明有11个胎儿患有唐氏综合征。

5 derived   

vi.起源；由来；衍生；导出v.得到( derive的过去式和过去分词 )；（从…中）得到获得；源于；（从…中）提取

参考例句：

• Many English words are derived from Latin and Greek. 英语很多词源出于拉丁文和希腊文。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• He derived his enthusiasm for literature from his father. 他对文学的爱好是受他父亲的影响。 来自《简明英汉词典》

6 extinction   

n.熄灭，消亡，消灭，灭绝，绝种

参考例句：

• The plant is now in danger of extinction.这种植物现在有绝种的危险。
• The island's way of life is doomed to extinction.这个岛上的生活方式注定要消失。

7 pneumonia   

n.肺炎

参考例句：

• Cage was struck with pneumonia in her youth.凯奇年轻时得过肺炎。
• Pneumonia carried him off last week.肺炎上星期夺去了他的生命。

8 neatly   

adv.整洁地，干净地，灵巧地，熟练地

参考例句：

• Sailors know how to wind up a long rope neatly.水手们知道怎样把一条大绳利落地缠好。
• The child's dress is neatly gathered at the neck.那孩子的衣服在领口处打着整齐的皱褶。

9 affected   

adj.不自然的，假装的

参考例句：

• She showed an affected interest in our subject.她假装对我们的课题感到兴趣。
• His manners are affected.他的态度不自然。