考研英语:常考的熟词辟义(一)

 　　今天给2017考研的同学们总结了常考的熟词辟义，希望能够对大家的复习有所帮助。

　　一、Benefit(25次)

　　【熟义熟性】n. 好处，利益

　　【真题例句】 Either way, one benefit of a “national” organization would be to negotiate better prices, if possible, with drug manufacturers. [2005年阅读新题型]

　　【经典译文】不管国家是何种含义，“国家”机构的好处之一就是能够通过谈判从医药生产商哪里获得更优惠的价格。【僻义熟性】n. 退休金，救济金，保险费

　　【真题例句】37. Corporations and labor¹ unions have ________ great benefits upon their employees and members as well as upon the general public. [99年词汇37题]

　　[A] conferred

　　【经典译文】公司和工会已经给它们的雇员、会员以及广大公众提供了许多福利待遇。

　　【僻义熟性】v. 得益于 (from, in)

　　【真题例句】What is odd is that they have perhaps most benefited from ambition -- if not always their own then that of their parents and grandparents. [2000年阅读Text5]

　　【经典译文】奇怪的是他们或许已经从雄心壮志中受益匪浅――如果不是他们自己的雄心，那么就是他们父辈或祖父辈的雄心。

　　二、Address(10次)

　　【熟义熟性】n.地址，通讯处，致词

　　【僻义僻性之一】 v. 致函，写姓名地址；

　　【真题例句】Prior to his departure, he addressed a letter to his daughter. [1986词汇第3题]

　　【经典译文】在离开之前，他给他女儿写了一封信。

　　【僻义僻性之二】v. 向……讲话；

　　【真题例句】Depending on whom you are addressing, the problems will be different.[2002年阅读Text1]

　　【经典译文】 针对不同的听众，要谈的问题也应该不同。

　　【僻义僻性之三】v. 处理，解决问题

　　【真题例句】 Boston Globe reporter Chris Reidy notes that the situation will improve only when there are comprehensive programs that address the many needs of the homeless.[2006年完形]

　　【经典译文】《波士顿环球日报》记者克里斯"雷迪认为只有通过全面规划来解决这些无家可归者的各种需求，这种局面才有可能得到改善。

　　三、Account (34次)

　　【熟义熟性】n. 帐户, 计算

　　Credit card account信用卡帐户

　　【僻义僻性】vt. 做帐，财务，会计

　　【真题例句】Indeed, just as there is the concept of Generally Accepted Accounting² Principles (GAAP), perhaps it is time for GASP³, Generally Accepted Security Practices, suggested Eli Noam of New York’s Columbia Business School. [2007年阅读新题型]

　　【经典译文】纽约哥伦比亚商学院的伊利?诺姆建议说，的确，正如有公认的会计准则一样，也许现在应该制定公认的安全准则了。

　　【僻义熟性】n. 价值，地位，重要性

　　【经典例句】Is it true that the American intellectual is rejected and considered of no account in his society? [2006年翻译]

　　【经典译文】在美国社会，美国的知识分子被排斥，被认为没有地位，这是真的吗？常考短语

　　Take something into account = take account of 把…考虑在内

　　【经典例句】Dr. Myers and Dr. Worm argue that their work gives a correct baseline, which future management efforts must take into account.[2006年阅读Text3]

　　【经典译文】Myers博士和Worm博士认为他们的工作提供了一个准确的捕捞数量基线，它是未来渔业管理层必须要考虑的事情。

　　Account for

　　（1）解释，说明

　　【经典例句】What might account for this strange phenomenon? [2007年阅读Text1]

　　【经典译文】对这一奇怪现象该做何解释呢？[2007年阅读Text1]

　　（2）占…比例

　　【经典例句】As recently as 1995, the top four railroads accounted for under 70 percent of the total ton-miles moved by rails. [2003年阅读Text3]

　　【经典译文】就在1995年，四家主要铁路公司占有整个铁路运营量的70%不到。

　　四、Business(68次)

　　【熟义熟性】n.商业，交易，生意

　　【僻义熟性之一】n.企业

　　【真题例句】30.The future of this company is ________: many of its talented employees are flowing into more profitable net-based businesses. [2001年词汇]

　　[A] at odds⁴ [B] in trouble [C] in vain [D] at stake

　　【经典译文】这家公司的未来生死未卜：它的许多优秀人才正流失到更易赚钱的网络企业重。[D] at stake=at risk处在危险之中

　　【僻义熟性之二】n.行业

　　【真题例句】 With $3.5 billion being lost on Internet wagers⁵ this year, gambling⁶ has passed pornography as the Web’s most profitable business. [2006年阅读新题型]

　　【经典译文】今年由于有35亿美元输在网络赌博重，赌博超过色情成为网上最有利可图的行业。

　　五、Firm（22次）

　　【熟义熟性】a.坚固的，稳固的

　　【真题例句】 It serves directly to assist a rapid distribution of goods at reasonable price, thereby⁷ establishing a firm home market and so making it possible to provide for export at competitive prices. [1955年阅读Text1]

　　【经典译文】广告直接有助于商品以合理的价格销售，由此建立稳固的国内市场，并使商品能以富有竞争力的价格出口。

　　【僻义僻性】n. 公司，商号

　　【真题例句】Until California recently passed a law, American firms did not have to tell anyone, even the victim, when data went astray. [2007年阅读Text4]

　　【经典译文】最近加州通过一项法律，在这之前美国公司在数据丢失时不需要通知任何人，甚至是受害者本人。

　　六、Approach（16次）

　　【熟义熟性】vt. 接近

　　Approaching death接近死亡[2002年阅读Text4]

　　【僻义熟性】vt. 着手处理，开始考虑（在本题中的联想意义为：研究）

　　【真题例句】I have excluded him because, while his accomplishments⁸ may contribute to the solution of moral problems, he has not been charged with the task of approaching any but the factual aspects of those problems.[2006年翻译48题]

　　charge with在这里表示‘使承担….任务’；而并非‘指控…某人’

　　【经典译文】我之所以把他（普通科学家）排除在外，是因为尽管他的成果可能会有助于解决道德问题，但他承担的任务只不过是研究这些问题的事实方面。

　　【僻义僻性】n.(科学的)方法，途经

　　【真题例句】For retailers⁹, who last year took in 24 percent of their revenue between Thanksgiving and Christmas, the cautious approach is coming at a crucial time.[2004年阅读Text3]

　　【经典译文】对零售商而言，去年24％的年收入来自感恩节和圣诞期间的营业，而现在这个关键时候该采取谨慎的营销方式了。

1 labor   

n.劳动，努力，工作，劳工；分娩；vi.劳动，努力，苦干；vt.详细分析；麻烦

参考例句：

• We are never late in satisfying him for his labor.我们从不延误付给他劳动报酬。
• He was completely spent after two weeks of hard labor.艰苦劳动两周后，他已经疲惫不堪了。

2 accounting   

n.会计，会计学，借贷对照表

参考例句：

• A job fell vacant in the accounting department.财会部出现了一个空缺。
• There's an accounting error in this entry.这笔账目里有差错。

3 gasp   

n.喘息，气喘；v.喘息；气吁吁他说

参考例句：

• She gave a gasp of surprise.她吃惊得大口喘气。
• The enemy are at their last gasp.敌人在做垂死的挣扎。

4 odds   

n.让步，机率，可能性，比率；胜败优劣之别

参考例句：

• The odds are 5 to 1 that she will win.她获胜的机会是五比一。
• Do you know the odds of winning the lottery once?你知道赢得一次彩票的几率多大吗？

5 wagers   

n.赌注，用钱打赌( wager的名词复数 )v.在（某物）上赌钱，打赌( wager的第三人称单数 )；保证，担保

参考例句：

• He wagers $100 on the result of the election. 他用100美元来对选举结果打赌。 来自互联网
• He often wagers money on horses. 他时常在马身上赌钱。 来自互联网

6 gambling   

n.赌博；投机

参考例句：

• They have won a lot of money through gambling.他们赌博赢了很多钱。
• The men have been gambling away all night.那些人赌了整整一夜。

7 thereby   

adv.因此，从而

参考例句：

• I have never been to that city,,ereby I don't know much about it.我从未去过那座城市，因此对它不怎么熟悉。
• He became a British citizen,thereby gaining the right to vote.他成了英国公民，因而得到了投票权。

8 accomplishments   

n.造诣；完成( accomplishment的名词复数 )；技能；成绩；成就

参考例句：

• It was one of the President's greatest accomplishments. 那是总统最伟大的成就之一。
• Among her accomplishments were sewing,cooking,playing the piano and dancing. 她的才能包括缝纫、烹调、弹钢琴和跳舞。 来自《现代英汉综合大词典》

9 retailers   

零售商，零售店( retailer的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• High street retailers reported a marked increase in sales before Christmas. 商业街的零售商报告说圣诞节前销售量显著提高。
• Retailers have a statutory duty to provide goods suitable for their purpose. 零售商有为他们提供符合要求的货品的法定义务。