如何才能做一个好老板?

    You get promoted. You're now the boss. Your family is delighted, your friends are impressed (or jealous.) but you suddenly realize that your company, as with most companies, hasn't given you much guidance in what to do next: How to be a good boss, rather than just 'the' boss. And how to ensure that the people who work for you are gratified in their jobs, which in turn will make your job as their supervisor¹ that much easier.
    India Real Time canvassed² experts in human resources to find out key attributes of what makes a good manager and what pitfalls³ to avoid. Here is their advice.
    Coherent Communication: You are the team leader, the person responsible for delegating work to your subordinates and ensuring that the larger goals of the company are met. So the first step is, simply, making that clear by communicating coherently.
    In the hurly-burly of daily office life, it is surprising how often this basic requirement can be overlooked. Communicate in person as much as possible, by email only if you have to. And make sure you are specific in setting expectations for single employees as well as the team.
    'To be a good manager, it is very important to articulate the expectations at an individual level as well as at the team level. It is important for the manager to set the context right and explain what all is expected to achieve that task,' says Neetasha Joshi, senior vice⁴ president of HR and training and development at Tata AIG Life Insurance Co. Ltd.
    Appreciate and Criticize: Praise and other feedback are an integral part of a manager's communication with a team. The way both are dealt with makes all the difference.
    'A pat on the back should be done in front of everyone. But punching in the ribs⁵ should be done privately,' says Rajita Singh, head of human resources at Broadbridge Financial Solutions (India) Pvt. Ltd., an outsourcing firm.
    A manager should also take note of the effort involved in completing a task and not just the result.
    'Appreciation⁶ alone of achieving the target is not enough,' says Abhijit Bhaduri, chief learning officer at Wipro Ltd. 'A good manager will also acknowledge the effort put in to achieve the result.'
    Remember that however frustrated⁷ you may be, or however justified⁸ you may feel in yelling openly, the effect of your critical words on an employee could be very harmful - going far beyond what you intended - and be counter-productive.
    Learn to Listen: As the boss, it's tempting⁹ to think your role is to be authoritative¹⁰ and bark orders. Leave that to the military. Instead, listen to what the team has to say as you make your decision. Once it's made, it's good to be decisive. But not garnering¹¹ input¹² in advance runs the risk that your decisiveness will backfire.
    'Listening to your subordinates/team encourages and motivates them. It leads to a sense of purpose as well as a sense of belonging in your team members,' says Sumit Mitra, executive vice-president corporate¹³ human resources at Godrej Industries & Associate Companies.
    Walk the Talk: As a manager, don't think that you are the one watching the team, the team is watching you. So set an example and follow your own rules.
    'If there is a rule of not carrying your cell phones to a meeting then a manager must not, however important his phone might be,' says Suhas Kadlaskar, director of corporate affairs and human resources at Mercedes-Benz India Pvt. Ltd.
    That includes taking responsibility, as you would like employees to take responsibility, when there are errors.
    'A good manager will always take responsibility and not pass the buck¹⁴ by saying his team did not perform well' he says. 'A good manager is the one who makes a dysfunctional team functional¹⁵.'
    Leading from the front also is important. 'A good manager will always know when his team needs that morale¹⁶ booster and will provide it by not just praising or by a pep talk but at times by demonstrating the work to them himself,' says Ms. Joshi.
    Stop short, though, of doing so much that you effectively do people's jobs for them. That is de-motivating.
    'Keep in mind to think and act in a controlled manner,' says Ganesh Shermon, partner and country head in the People & Change Practice at KPMG Advisory¹⁷. 'Never do it to the extent where the person stops thinking for himself.'
    Be Friendly but Not Necessarily Friends: It is tempting, especially for new managers, to try to win over their employees by acting¹⁸ as a friend rather than a boss. The BBC has made a whole hit comedy series out of this misguided effort. Instead, be friendly and approachable but keep enough distance that no-one in the office feels left out and so you have sufficient room should you need to take disciplinary action against an employee.
    This is the part most managers dread¹⁹ most. And it is almost always tough. But it's made harder if there is a genuine friendship involved, too. If you do have to fire an employee, do so within the processes established by the company: If it is a dismissal for performance reasons, it should be preceded by warnings and an escalating²⁰ series of steps designed to right the employee's trajectory²¹.
    'A manager has to be fair and firm to ensure that the performance of an individual does not drop below expectation level. In such a situation you can work with the person, support him/her to make things work, but also ensure that you as a manager cannot take up and fulfill²² those responsibilities,' says Pritpal Singh Kular, director of human resources at Max Bupa Health Insurance Co. Ltd. 'Discussion is important to make the person understand the gravity of the situation.'

1 supervisor   

n.监督人，管理人，检查员，督学，主管，导师

参考例句：

• Between you and me I think that new supervisor is a twit.我们私下说，我认为新来的主管人是一个傻瓜。
• He said I was too flighty to be a good supervisor.他说我太轻浮不能成为一名好的管理员。

2 canvassed   

v.（在政治方面）游说( canvass的过去式和过去分词 )；调查（如选举前选民的）意见；为讨论而提出（意见等）；详细检查

参考例句：

• He canvassed the papers, hunting for notices of jobs. 他仔细查阅报纸，寻找招工广告。 来自《现代英汉综合大词典》
• The stirring event was well canvassed. 那桩惊人的事情已经是满城风雨。 来自英汉文学 - 汤姆历险

3 pitfalls   

（捕猎野兽用的）陷阱( pitfall的名词复数 )； 意想不到的困难，易犯的错误

参考例句：

• the potential pitfalls of buying a house 购买房屋可能遇到的圈套
• Several pitfalls remain in the way of an agreement. 在达成协议的进程中还有几个隐藏的困难。

4 vice   

n.坏事；恶习；[pl.]台钳，老虎钳；adj.副的

参考例句：

• He guarded himself against vice.他避免染上坏习惯。
• They are sunk in the depth of vice.他们堕入了罪恶的深渊。

5 ribs   

n.肋骨( rib的名词复数 )；（船或屋顶等的）肋拱；肋骨状的东西；（织物的）凸条花纹

参考例句：

• He suffered cracked ribs and bruising. 他断了肋骨还有挫伤。
• Make a small incision below the ribs. 在肋骨下方切开一个小口。

6 appreciation   

n.评价；欣赏；感谢；领会，理解；价格上涨

参考例句：

• I would like to express my appreciation and thanks to you all.我想对你们所有人表达我的感激和谢意。
• I'll be sending them a donation in appreciation of their help.我将送给他们一笔捐款以感谢他们的帮助。

7 frustrated   

adj.挫败的，失意的，泄气的v.使不成功( frustrate的过去式和过去分词 )；挫败；使受挫折；令人沮丧

参考例句：

• It's very easy to get frustrated in this job. 这个工作很容易令人懊恼。
• The bad weather frustrated all our hopes of going out. 恶劣的天气破坏了我们出行的愿望。 来自《简明英汉词典》

8 justified   

a.正当的，有理的

参考例句：

• She felt fully justified in asking for her money back. 她认为有充分的理由要求退款。
• The prisoner has certainly justified his claims by his actions. 那个囚犯确实已用自己的行动表明他的要求是正当的。

9 tempting   

a.诱人的, 吸引人的

参考例句：

• It is tempting to idealize the past. 人都爱把过去的日子说得那么美好。
• It was a tempting offer. 这是个诱人的提议。

10 authoritative   

adj.有权威的，可相信的；命令式的；官方的

参考例句：

• David speaks in an authoritative tone.大卫以命令的口吻说话。
• Her smile was warm but authoritative.她的笑容很和蔼，同时又透着威严。

11 garnering   

v.收集并（通常）贮藏（某物），取得，获得( garner的现在分词 )

参考例句：

• And at the forefront was Bryant, garnering nothing but praise from his coaches and teammates. 而站在最前沿的就是科比，他也因此获得了教练和队友的赞美。 来自互联网

12 input   

n.输入(物)；投入；vt.把(数据等)输入计算机

参考例句：

• I will forever be grateful for his considerable input.我将永远感激他的大量投入。
• All this information had to be input onto the computer.所有这些信息都必须输入计算机。

13 corporate   

adj.共同的，全体的；公司的，企业的

参考例句：

• This is our corporate responsibility.这是我们共同的责任。
• His corporate's life will be as short as a rabbit's tail.他的公司的寿命是兔子尾巴长不了。

14 buck   

n.雄鹿，雄兔；v.马离地跳跃

参考例句：

• The boy bent curiously to the skeleton of the buck.这个男孩好奇地弯下身去看鹿的骸骨。
• The female deer attracts the buck with high-pitched sounds.雌鹿以尖声吸引雄鹿。

15 functional   

adj.为实用而设计的，具备功能的，起作用的

参考例句：

• The telephone was out of order,but is functional now.电话刚才坏了，但现在可以用了。
• The furniture is not fancy,just functional.这些家具不是摆着好看的，只是为了实用。

16 morale   

n.道德准则，士气，斗志

参考例句：

• The morale of the enemy troops is sinking lower every day.敌军的士气日益低落。
• He tried to bolster up their morale.他尽力鼓舞他们的士气。

17 advisory   

adj.劝告的，忠告的，顾问的，提供咨询

参考例句：

• I have worked in an advisory capacity with many hospitals.我曾在多家医院做过顾问工作。
• He was appointed to the advisory committee last month.他上个月获任命为顾问委员会委员。

18 acting   

n.演戏，行为，假装；adj.代理的，临时的，演出用的

参考例句：

• Ignore her,she's just acting.别理她，她只是假装的。
• During the seventies,her acting career was in eclipse.在七十年代，她的表演生涯黯然失色。

19 dread   

vt.担忧，忧虑；惧怕，不敢；n.担忧，畏惧

参考例句：

• We all dread to think what will happen if the company closes.我们都不敢去想一旦公司关门我们该怎么办。
• Her heart was relieved of its blankest dread.她极度恐惧的心理消除了。

20 escalating   

v.（使）逐步升级( escalate的现在分词 )；（使）逐步扩大；（使）更高；（使）更大

参考例句：

• The cost of living is escalating. 生活费用在迅速上涨。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• The cost of living is escalating in the country. 这个国家的生活费用在上涨。 来自辞典例句

21 trajectory   

n.弹道，轨道

参考例句：

• It is not difficult to sketch the subsequent trajectory.很容易描绘出它们最终的轨迹。
• The path followed by a projectile is called its trajectory.抛物体所循的路径称为它的轨道。

22 fulfill   

vt.履行，实现，完成；满足，使满意

参考例句：

• If you make a promise you should fulfill it.如果你许诺了，你就要履行你的诺言。
• This company should be able to fulfill our requirements.这家公司应该能够满足我们的要求。