让你了解抑郁症

 There are several forms of depressive disorders². The most common are major depressive disorder¹ and dysthymic disorder.

抑郁症有几种类型。最常见的是重度抑郁症和心境恶劣障碍。

Major depressive disorder, also called major depression, is characterized by a combination of symptoms that interfere³ with a person's ability to work, sleep, study, eat, and enjoy once–pleasurable activities. Major depression is disabling and prevents a person from functioning normally. An episode of major depression may occur only once in a person's lifetime, but more often, it recurs⁴ throughout a person's life.

重度抑郁症，也叫做重度抑郁，以一组妨碍个体的工作、睡眠、学习、饮食和享乐（一度愉悦的活动）的症状为特色的疾病。重度抑郁能致残并使个人正常机能受损。重度抑郁发作可能在个体一生中仅出现一次，但是更多的情况是重度抑郁在一生中反复发作。

Dysthymic disorder, also called dysthymia, is characterized by long–term (two years or longer) but less severe symptoms that may not disable a person but can prevent one from functioning normally or feeling well. People with dysthymia may also experience one or more episodes of major depression during their lifetimes.

心境恶劣障碍，也叫做恶劣心境，以长期（两年或更长）但是较轻的症状为特色。它并不一定使个人致残，但是能使个人正常机能受损或不能感到心情舒服。心境恶劣患者在其一生中，也会经历一次或更多此的重度抑郁。

Some forms of depressive disorder exhibit slightly different characteristics than those described above, or they may develop under unique circumstances. However, not all scientists agree on how to characterize and define these forms of depression. They include:

一些抑郁症形式在表现上与上述障碍相比，稍有不同的特征；或者，它们可能在特定的环境下患上。但是，并不是所有科学家都同意如何对这些形式的抑郁症的定义和分类。它们包括：

Psychotic depression, which occurs when a severe depressive illness is accompanied by some form of psychosis, such as a break with reality, hallucinations, and delusions⁵.

精神病性抑郁症，这种疾病会出现，当重度抑郁症伴随有一些精神病形式，比如丧失现实感、幻觉和妄想。

Postpartum depression, which is diagnosed if a new mother develops a major depressive episode within one month after delivery. It is estimated that 10 to 15 percent of women experience postpartum depression after giving birth.

产后抑郁症，如果新生儿母亲在分娩一个月后重度抑郁症发作，那么该病便确诊了。我们估计10-15%的女性在生产后，经历重度抑郁症。

Seasonal⁶ affective disorder (SAD), which is characterized by the onset⁷ of a depressive illness during the winter months, when there is less natural sunlight. The depression generally lifts during spring and summer. SAD may be effectively treated with light therapy, but nearly half of those with SAD do not respond to light therapy alone. Antidepressant medication and psychotherapy can reduce SAD symptoms, either alone or in combination with light therapy.

季节性情绪紊乱症（SAD），以冬季缺乏自然光，抑郁症发作为特色的。抑郁通常在春季和夏季消褪。SAD患者可能对光线疗法有效，但是几乎一半的SAD患者对单用光线疗法无反应。抗抑郁药物和心理疗法可以减少SAD症状。它们要么单独使用，或者与光线疗法联用。

Bipolar disorder, also called manic-depressive illness, is not as common as major depression or dysthymia. Bipolar disorder is characterized by cycling mood changes-from extreme highs (e.g., mania) to extreme lows (e.g., depression). Visit the NIMH website for more information about bipolar disorder.

双相情感障碍，也叫做躁郁症，并不像重度抑郁症或心境恶劣一样普遍。双相情感障碍是以环性心境变化——从高峰（比如，躁狂）到低谷（比如，抑郁）为特色的。请参看NIMH网站获得更多关于双相情感障碍的信息。

1 disorder   

n.紊乱，混乱；骚动，骚乱；疾病，失调

参考例句：

• When returning back,he discovered the room to be in disorder.回家后，他发现屋子里乱七八糟。
• It contained a vast number of letters in great disorder.里面七零八落地装着许多信件。

2 disorders   

n.混乱( disorder的名词复数 )；凌乱；骚乱；（身心、机能）失调

参考例句：

• Reports of anorexia and other eating disorders are on the increase. 据报告，厌食症和其他饮食方面的功能紊乱发生率正在不断增长。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• The announcement led to violent civil disorders. 这项宣布引起剧烈的骚乱。 来自《简明英汉词典》

3 interfere   

v.(in)干涉，干预；(with)妨碍，打扰

参考例句：

• If we interfere, it may do more harm than good.如果我们干预的话，可能弊多利少。
• When others interfere in the affair,it always makes troubles. 别人一卷入这一事件，棘手的事情就来了。

4 recurs   

再发生，复发( recur的第三人称单数 )

参考例句：

• This theme recurs several times throughout the book. 这一主题在整部书里出现了好几次。
• Leap year recurs every four years. 每四年闰年一次。

5 delusions   

n.欺骗( delusion的名词复数 )；谬见；错觉；妄想

参考例句：

• the delusions of the mentally ill 精神病患者的妄想
• She wants to travel first-class: she must have delusions of grandeur. 她想坐头等舱旅行，她一定自以为很了不起。 来自辞典例句

6 seasonal   

adj.季节的，季节性的

参考例句：

• The town relies on the seasonal tourist industry for jobs.这个城镇依靠季节性旅游业提供就业机会。
• The hors d'oeuvre is seasonal vegetables.餐前小吃是应时蔬菜。

7 onset   

n.进攻，袭击，开始，突然开始

参考例句：

• The drug must be taken from the onset of the infection.这种药必须在感染的最初期就开始服用。
• Our troops withstood the onset of the enemy.我们的部队抵挡住了敌人的进攻。