殚精竭虑 一生只写一部著作的巨匠

 　　For 55 years, Harper Lee had been one of the best-known literary one hit wonders: she won the Pulitzer prize for her only published novel, To Kill a Mockingbird. But now the 88-year-old has revealed that she will publish a second novel this summer, which she technically¹ wrote before To Kill a Mockingbird and which even inspired her only book to date.

　　55年来，哈珀·李的名作一直只有那部使得获得普利策奖的《杀死一只知更鸟》。而现已88岁的她最近表示今年夏天要发表第二部小说，即将出版的第二部小说实际上写于《杀死一只知更鸟》之前，且为这部名作的书写提供了不少灵感。

　　But Lee leaves a number of literary one-hit wonders behind her. Here are a few of the best:

　　和之前的哈珀·李一样，很多著名作家因一书而成名，且一生只出版了这一部小说。

　　殚精竭虑 一生只写一部著作的巨匠

　　1. Margaret Mitchell - Gone With The Wind (1936)

　　1. 玛格丽特·米切尔--《乱世佳人》（1936）

　　Published in 1936, the sweeping² tale of Scarlett O'Hara and the dashing Rhett Butler was an instant success. Mitchell, a writer for her local Atlanta newspaper, won the Pulitzer Prize and saw her debut³ novel turned into a Hollywood epic⁴.

　　小说于1936年发表后，斯嘉丽和瑞德的故事立刻横扫全球，获得了巨大的成功。小说作者米切尔不仅获得了普利策奖，还见证了自己的首部出版小说被搬上荧屏成为了好莱坞的经典。

　　Mitchell hated fame and declared that she would not write another word as long as she lived. She died in a road accident in 1949. In 1995, an unpublished manuscript she had written as a teenager was discovered. It was published the following year as Lost Laysen, a romantic novella set in the South Pacific.

　　米切尔是个不喜名誉的人，她宣称在有生之年不再写任何东西。1949年她死于一场车祸。1995年，她写于青少年时期的一份未经发表的手稿被发现，次年这部描写南天平洋一个小岛上的爱情故事的名为《失去的莱松岛》的短片故事被发表。

　　2. Oscar Wilde - The Picture of Dorian Grey (1890)

　　2.奥斯卡·王尔德--《道林·格雷的画像》（1980）

　　While Wilde built a career of writing poetry and plays, his arguably most controversial work was his only published novel. At the end of the 19th century its narrative⁵ of obsession⁶, murder and hedonism offended Victorian society, with critics dubbing⁷ The Picture of Dorian Grey everything from "effeminate" to "unclean". Perhaps it rubbed off: Wilde never wrote another novel again.

　　王尔德以诗歌和戏剧创作闻名，而他最受争议的也是他唯一出版的小说。十九世纪末，这部小说中对痴恋、谋杀及享乐主义的记叙与当时的社会格格不入，评论者对《道林·格雷的画像》批评从“女人气”到“不纯洁”。或许是因为这些批评，王尔德之后再没写过任何一部小说。

　　3. JD Salinger - The Catcher in the Rye (1951)

　　3. 杰罗姆·大卫·塞林格--《麦田里的守望者》（1951）

　　Although he wrote short stories and the novella Franny and Zooey, The Catcher in the Rye was Salinger's only novel. The author was believed to have retreated from society to spend his last half century as a hermit⁸, until letters published in January this year revealed that he had been travelling the world, visiting West End shows and popping into Burger King, all the while happily chatting to strangers who had no idea who he was.

　　虽然也会写短篇故事如《弗兰妮与卓埃》，但《麦田里的守望者》是塞林格唯一的一部小说。据说这位作家的后半生远离社会纷扰、做了一名隐士，但今年一月发表的信件表明他曾经周游世界，观看过伦敦西区剧院的演出，也匆匆走进过汉堡王快餐店，跟不认识自己的人一起愉快地聊天。

　　4. Emily Bront? - Wuthering Heights (1847)

　　4. 艾米莉·勃朗特--《呼啸山庄》（1847）

　　Bront? published her one and only novel under the pseudonym⁹ Ellis Bell. She died the following year, aged¹⁰ 30, from tuberculosis¹¹. In 1850, a new edition of Wuthering Heights was published with a preface written by her sister, Charlotte.

　　勃朗特以笔名埃利斯·贝尔出版了其唯一的一部小说，次年30岁的她死于肺结核。1850年，《呼啸山庄》再次出版，姐姐夏洛特为其撰写前言。

　　5. Boris Pasternak - Dr Zhivago (1957)

　　5. 鲍里斯·帕斯捷尔纳克--《日瓦戈医生》（1957）

　　While Pasternak was an acclaimed¹² poet, he only published one novel: Dr Zhivago. The controversial tome struggled to get published because of Pasternak's controversial attitude to socialism in soviet¹³ Russia. The manuscript was smuggled¹⁴ out of Russia before being published in Italy. When the novel won Pasternak the Nobel Prize in 1958, he was forced to turn it down by the Soviet authorities - or else face exile or prison. However, it was not this strife¹⁵ which meant Pasternak never published another novel, but the fact he died two years later from lung cancer.

　　虽然帕斯捷尔纳克是一个著名的诗人，但他曾出版过唯一的一部小说《日瓦戈医生》。由于作者对于苏联社会主义的态度引发争议，所以这部小说的出版过程相当艰难。小说手稿是在被私运出苏联之后才在意大利出版的。1958年帕斯捷尔纳克凭借这部小说获得诺贝尔文学奖，但苏联政府强迫他拒绝奖项，否则将对其施以放逐或监禁。当然并不是这场斗争导致帕斯捷尔纳克不再写小说的，而是两年后他因肺癌去世了。

　　6. Anna Sewell - Black Beauty (1877)

　　6. 安娜·休厄--《黑骏马》（1877）

　　English novellist Sewell wrote the equine children's classic in the last years of her life while she confined to bed by ill health. There she worked on it for seven years, finally being published six months before she died - just long enough for her to witness its instant early success.

　　英国作家休厄生命中的最后几年因病在床上度过的，在此期间她写下了这部与马有关的经典儿童小说。她花了7年的时间完成它，最终在去世前6个月得以发表，使得她能够亲眼见证自己的成功。

　　7. Marcel Proust - In Search of Lost Time (A la recherche¹⁶ du temps perdu) (1913-1927)

　　7. 马塞尔·普鲁斯特--《追忆似水年华》（1913-1927）

　　Its 4,215 pages are split over seven volumes, but In Search of Lost Time counts as one novel. Proust started writing it in 1909, and was still working on until he fell ill for the final time, weeks before his death in November 1922. Although the sprawling¹⁷ novel continued to be published five years after his death, Proust raised the funds to publish the first part of it himself in 1913.

　　虽然4215页的长度被分成七卷，但《追忆似水年华》只是一部小说。普鲁斯特于1909年开始创作，直到1922年11月因病去世前的那段时间依然在写作。1913年普鲁斯特自己筹钱发表了小说的第一部分，他去世之后，这部小说又接连发表了五年的时间。

1 technically   

adv.专门地，技术上地

参考例句：

• Technically it is the most advanced equipment ever.从技术上说，这是最先进的设备。
• The tomato is technically a fruit,although it is eaten as a vegetable.严格地说，西红柿是一种水果，尽管它是当作蔬菜吃的。

2 sweeping   

adj.范围广大的，一扫无遗的

参考例句：

• The citizens voted for sweeping reforms.公民投票支持全面的改革。
• Can you hear the wind sweeping through the branches?你能听到风掠过树枝的声音吗？

3 debut   

n.首次演出，初次露面

参考例句：

• That same year he made his Broadway debut, playing a suave radio journalist.在那同一年里，他初次在百老汇登台，扮演一个温文而雅的电台记者。
• The actress made her debut in the new comedy.这位演员在那出新喜剧中首次登台演出。

4 epic   

n.史诗，叙事诗；adj.史诗般的，壮丽的

参考例句：

• I gave up my epic and wrote this little tale instead.我放弃了写叙事诗，而写了这个小故事。
• They held a banquet of epic proportions.他们举行了盛大的宴会。

5 narrative   

n.叙述，故事；adj.叙事的，故事体的

参考例句：

• He was a writer of great narrative power.他是一位颇有记述能力的作家。
• Neither author was very strong on narrative.两个作者都不是很善于讲故事。

6 obsession   

n.困扰，无法摆脱的思想(或情感)

参考例句：

• I was suffering from obsession that my career would be ended.那时的我陷入了我的事业有可能就此终止的困扰当中。
• She would try to forget her obsession with Christopher.她会努力忘记对克里斯托弗的迷恋。

7 dubbing   

n.配音v.给…起绰号( dub的现在分词 )；把…称为；配音；复制

参考例句：

• There are mainly two forms of film translation: dubbing and subtitling. 电影翻译通常主要表现为两种形式：配音和字幕翻译。 来自互联网
• Its auspices, dubbing the program has won national awards in China. 其主持配音的节目多次获得中国全国奖项。 来自互联网

8 hermit   

n.隐士，修道者；隐居

参考例句：

• He became a hermit after he was dismissed from office.他被解职后成了隐士。
• Chinese ancient landscape poetry was in natural connections with hermit culture.中国古代山水诗与隐士文化有着天然联系。

9 pseudonym   

n.假名，笔名

参考例句：

• Eric Blair wrote under the pseudonym of George Orwell.埃里克·布莱尔用乔治·奧威尔这个笔名写作。
• Both plays were published under the pseudonym of Philip Dayre.两个剧本都是以菲利普·戴尔的笔名出版的。

10 aged   

adj.年老的，陈年的

参考例句：

• He had put on weight and aged a little.他胖了，也老点了。
• He is aged,but his memory is still good.他已年老，然而记忆力还好。

11 tuberculosis   

n.结核病，肺结核

参考例句：

• People used to go to special health spring to recover from tuberculosis.人们常去温泉疗养胜地治疗肺结核。
• Tuberculosis is a curable disease.肺结核是一种可治愈的病。

12 acclaimed   

adj.受人欢迎的

参考例句：

• They acclaimed him as the best writer of the year. 他们称赞他为当年的最佳作者。
• Confuscius is acclaimed as a great thinker. 孔子被赞誉为伟大的思想家。

13 Soviet   

adj.苏联的，苏维埃的；n.苏维埃

参考例句：

• Zhukov was a marshal of the former Soviet Union.朱可夫是前苏联的一位元帅。
• Germany began to attack the Soviet Union in 1941.德国在1941年开始进攻苏联。

14 smuggled   

水货

参考例句：

• The customs officer confiscated the smuggled goods. 海关官员没收了走私品。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》
• Those smuggled goods have been detained by the port office. 那些走私货物被港务局扣押了。 来自互联网

15 strife   

n.争吵，冲突，倾轧，竞争

参考例句：

• We do not intend to be drawn into the internal strife.我们不想卷入内乱之中。
• Money is a major cause of strife in many marriages.金钱是造成很多婚姻不和的一个主要原因。

16 recherche   

adj.精选的；罕有的

参考例句：

• Applicants should have good PC skills with common office software,email and internet recherche.在办公软件、电子邮件、网络检索等个人电脑应用方面，申请人应具备良好的操作技能。
• The restaurant prides itself on its recherche menu.饭店以其精美的菜单自豪。

17 sprawling   

adj.蔓生的，不规则地伸展的v.伸开四肢坐[躺]( sprawl的现在分词 )；蔓延；杂乱无序地拓展；四肢伸展坐着（或躺着）

参考例句：

• He was sprawling in an armchair in front of the TV. 他伸开手脚坐在电视机前的一张扶手椅上。
• a modern sprawling town 一座杂乱无序拓展的现代城镇