这些面相你有吗 美国人也以貌取人

 　　Research has revealed that people often make sweeping¹ judgments² of others based on the size and shape of their facial features.

　　研究发现人们会根据面部特征和脸型大小等因素对人做出迅速的判断。

　　For instance, individuals with feminine-looking or naturally happy faces are consistently thought of as more trustworthy.

　　例如，那些长相女性化以及天生拥有快乐容颜的人让人觉得更值得信赖。

　　While competence³, dominance and friendliness⁴ are also associated with specific facial traits, including larger foreheads, prominent noses and strong chins.

　　而那些具有宽大额头、高挺鼻梁以及突出下颔等面部特征的人，会让人感觉更有能力、更有支配欲以及更不友好。

　　这些面相你有吗 美国人也以貌取人

　　And now researchers from Carnegie Mellon University have warned that ‘face-ism’ can lead people to make rash decisions, from voting for a particular politician to convicting someone of a crime.

　　卡耐基梅隆大学的研究人员称，无论是在政治选举中的投票还是在法庭上要做的证词，拜脸主义能让人做出草率、欠考虑的决定。

　　Political candidates with naturally competent-looking faces, such as Barack Obama, were more likely to win elections than those who looked less competent.

　　在政治选举中，那些具有天生较有能力的面孔如美国总统奥巴马，比具有较无能面孔的候选人，更容易胜出。

　　While, 'babyface’ features, characterised by a round face, large eyes and a small nose and chin are generally seen as a sign of incompetence⁵. The reverse is true for strong, mature faces.

　　而具有“娃娃脸”特征的面孔，如圆脸、大眼、小鼻子及细颊等，一般被视为无能的迹象。强壮、成熟的脸则为能力高强。

　　Company chief executives who looked competent had a better chance of being hired by large successful companies, even when they performed no better than less competent-looking rivals, said the researchers.

　　在应聘首席执行官时，那些面孔看来较有能力的人更容易被大公司选中，即使事实上他们的表现，并不比那些长相看起来无能的对手好到哪去。

　　In the military, having a dominant⁶, masculine face appeared to be a ticket to higher rank attainment⁷.

　　在军营中，有威风、阳刚脸孔的人，等于手握一张晋升将校的入场券。

　　Elsewhere, research has shown that people considered to be untrustworthy and dishonest tend to have sunken cheeks, furrowed⁸ brows and eyes set close together.

　　另外，有研究显示那些脸颊凹陷、眉头多皱纹以及眼距较窄的人常被认为是不诚实、不值得信赖的人。

　　In contrast, a smiling face with prominent cheekbones and high eyebrows⁹ suggests trustworthiness and honesty.

　　而相比之下，颧骨突出、眉毛上挑的爱笑面孔总给人诚实可信的感觉。

　　Research suggests that ‘face-ism’ can be combated by providing more relevant information, such as the past behaviour of a political candidate, said the experts.

　　研究人员称要避免以脸取人，可以在做判断时多考虑如政治候选人的过去行为等相关信息。

1 sweeping   

adj.范围广大的，一扫无遗的

参考例句：

• The citizens voted for sweeping reforms.公民投票支持全面的改革。
• Can you hear the wind sweeping through the branches?你能听到风掠过树枝的声音吗？

2 judgments   

判断( judgment的名词复数 )； 鉴定； 评价； 审判

参考例句：

• A peculiar austerity marked his judgments of modern life. 他对现代生活的批评带着一种特殊的苛刻。
• He is swift with his judgments. 他判断迅速。

3 competence   

n.能力，胜任，称职

参考例句：

• This mess is a poor reflection on his competence.这种混乱情况说明他难当此任。
• These are matters within the competence of the court.这些是法院权限以内的事。

4 friendliness   

n.友谊，亲切，亲密

参考例句：

• Behind the mask of friendliness,I know he really dislikes me.在友善的面具后面，我知道他其实并不喜欢我。
• His manner was a blend of friendliness and respect.他的态度友善且毕恭毕敬。

5 incompetence   

n.不胜任，不称职

参考例句：

• He was dismissed for incompetence. 他因不称职而被解雇。
• She felt she had been made a scapegoat for her boss's incompetence. 她觉得，本是老板无能，但她却成了替罪羊。

6 dominant   

adj.支配的，统治的；占优势的；显性的；n.主因，要素，主要的人(或物)；显性基因

参考例句：

• The British were formerly dominant in India.英国人从前统治印度。
• She was a dominant figure in the French film industry.她在法国电影界是个举足轻重的人物。

7 attainment   

n.达到，到达；［常pl.］成就，造诣

参考例句：

• We congratulated her upon her attainment to so great an age.我们祝贺她高寿。
• The attainment of the success is not easy.成功的取得并不容易。

8 furrowed   

v.犁田，开沟( furrow的过去式和过去分词 )

参考例句：

• Overhead hung a summer sky furrowed with the rash of rockets. 头顶上的夏日夜空纵横着急疾而过的焰火。 来自辞典例句
• The car furrowed the loose sand as it crossed the desert. 车子横过沙漠，在松软的沙土上犁出了一道车辙。 来自辞典例句

9 eyebrows   

眉毛( eyebrow的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• Eyebrows stop sweat from coming down into the eyes. 眉毛挡住汗水使其不能流进眼睛。
• His eyebrows project noticeably. 他的眉毛特别突出。