纹身的人更叛逆、更有攻击性

 　　People with tattoos¹ are more likely to be aggressive and rebellious² than those without, a study has found.

　　一项研究发现，纹身者比未纹身者更可能具有攻击性和叛逆性。

　　Researchers at Anglia Ruskin University looked into whether the fact body art had become more mainstream³ in recent years - a trend influenced by the likes of footballer legend David Beckham and pop star Cheryl Fernandez-Versini - had affected⁴ traditional stereotypes⁵.

　　受足球明星大卫·贝克汉姆（David Beckham）和流行歌手谢丽尔·费尔南德兹-维西尼（Cheryl Fernandez-Versini）等人的影响，人体艺术近年来变得更为主流。英国安格利亚鲁斯金大学（Anglia Ruskin University）的研究人员探查了这一潮流对传统观念的影响。

　　They found that tattooed⁶ individuals reported significantly higher levels of verbal aggression⁷, anger and rebelliousness⁸ compared with non-tattooed adults.

　　他们发现，与未纹身的成年人相比，纹身者的言语攻击、愤怒、叛逆程度明显更高。

　　纹身的人更叛逆、更有攻击性

　　Professor Viren Swami, professor of social psychology⁹ at the university, said: "One explanation is that people who have higher reactive rebelliousness may respond to disappointing and frustrating¹⁰ events by getting tattooed.

　　该校的社会心理学教授维伦·斯瓦米（Viren Swami）说：“一种解释是反应性叛逆程度较高的人可能通过纹身来回应令人失望和沮丧的事件。”

　　"That is, when these individuals experience a negative emotional event, they may be more likely to react by pursuing an act that is seen as defiant¹¹.

　　“也就是说，这种人经历负面情绪事件时，更可能采取被人们视为叛逆的行为回应。”

　　"The act of tattooing¹² is perceived as rebellious, or more generally tattoos themselves can signify defiance¹³ or dissent¹⁴."

　　“纹身行为被认为是叛逆的，更宽泛地讲，纹身本身就象征着反抗和异议。”

　　She added that the study of 378 adults aged¹⁵ between 20 and 58 found that those with tattoos scored higher in terms of verbal aggression and anger.

　　她补充说，年龄介于20岁到58岁间的378名成年人参与了这项研究，结果发现纹身者在言语攻击和愤怒方面得分更高。

　　"Although tattoos have now become commonplace in modern British society, our findings may have implications for understanding the reported associations between tattooing and risky¹⁶ behaviour among adults," she said.

　　“尽管纹身在现今的英国社会已非常普遍，我们的发现也许能帮助人们更好地理解纹身与成年人危险行为间的关联，”她说。

　　The research, to be published in the next edition of the journal Body Image, also showed a correlation¹⁷ between the number of tattoos a person had and their levels of anger.

　　这项研究还表明纹身数量与个体愤怒程度间存在关联。该研究将发表在下一期《Body Image》期刊上。

　　Vocabulary

　　rebellious：叛逆的

　　defiant：违抗的，反抗的

　　dissent：异议

1 tattoos   

n.文身( tattoo的名词复数 )；归营鼓；军队夜间表演操；连续有节奏的敲击声v.刺青，文身( tattoo的第三人称单数 )；连续有节奏地敲击；作连续有节奏的敲击

参考例句：

• His arms were covered in tattoos. 他的胳膊上刺满了花纹。
• His arms were covered in tattoos. 他的双臂刺满了纹身。 来自《简明英汉词典》

2 rebellious   

adj.造反的，反抗的，难控制的

参考例句：

• They will be in danger if they are rebellious.如果他们造反，他们就要发生危险。
• Her reply was mild enough,but her thoughts were rebellious.她的回答虽然很温和，但她的心里十分反感。

3 mainstream   

n.（思想或行为的）主流；adj.主流的

参考例句：

• Their views lie outside the mainstream of current medical opinion.他们的观点不属于当今医学界观点的主流。
• Polls are still largely reflects the mainstream sentiment.民调还在很大程度上反映了社会主流情绪。

4 affected   

adj.不自然的，假装的

参考例句：

• She showed an affected interest in our subject.她假装对我们的课题感到兴趣。
• His manners are affected.他的态度不自然。

5 stereotypes   

n.老套，模式化的见解，有老一套固定想法的人( stereotype的名词复数 )v.把…模式化，使成陈规( stereotype的第三人称单数 )

参考例句：

• Such jokes tend to reinforce racial stereotypes. 这样的笑话容易渲染种族偏见。
• It makes me sick to read over such stereotypes devoid of content. 这种空洞无物的八股调，我看了就讨厌。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》

6 tattooed   

v.刺青，文身( tattoo的过去式和过去分词 )；连续有节奏地敲击；作连续有节奏的敲击

参考例句：

• He had tattooed his wife's name on his upper arm. 他把妻子的名字刺在上臂上。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• The sailor had a heart tattooed on his arm. 那水兵在手臂上刺上一颗心。 来自《现代英汉综合大词典》

7 aggression   

n.进攻，侵略，侵犯，侵害

参考例句：

• So long as we are firmly united, we need fear no aggression.只要我们紧密地团结，就不必惧怕外来侵略。
• Her view is that aggression is part of human nature.她认为攻击性是人类本性的一部份。

8 rebelliousness   

n. 造反，难以控制

参考例句：

• Any requirement that may be construed as 'compulsory' will evoke some rebelliousness. 任何可以解释成“必须做的”要求都会激起一些反动情绪。
• Obstinate or contemptuous resistance to authority; stubborn rebelliousness. '叛逆'。''性顽固的或藐视性的反抗权威；顽固的''。'叛逆'。''性。

9 psychology   

n.心理，心理学，心理状态

参考例句：

• She has a background in child psychology.她受过儿童心理学的教育。
• He studied philosophy and psychology at Cambridge.他在剑桥大学学习哲学和心理学。

10 frustrating   

adj.产生挫折的，使人沮丧的，令人泄气的v.使不成功( frustrate的现在分词 )；挫败；使受挫折；令人沮丧

参考例句：

• It's frustrating to have to wait so long. 要等这么长时间，真令人懊恼。
• It was a demeaning and ultimately frustrating experience. 那是一次有失颜面并且令人沮丧至极的经历。 来自《简明英汉词典》

11 defiant   

adj.无礼的，挑战的

参考例句：

• With a last defiant gesture,they sang a revolutionary song as they were led away to prison.他们被带走投入监狱时，仍以最后的反抗姿态唱起了一支革命歌曲。
• He assumed a defiant attitude toward his employer.他对雇主采取挑衅的态度。

12 tattooing   

n.刺字，文身v.刺青，文身( tattoo的现在分词 )；连续有节奏地敲击；作连续有节奏的敲击

参考例句：

• tattooing and body piercing 文身和穿体装饰
• On earth most work of the absolute shy cattle ^s skin-tattooing world! 地球上最牛的纹身绝对惊世之作！ 来自互联网

13 defiance   

n.挑战，挑衅，蔑视，违抗

参考例句：

• He climbed the ladder in defiance of the warning.他无视警告爬上了那架梯子。
• He slammed the door in a spirit of defiance.他以挑衅性的态度把门砰地一下关上。

14 dissent   

n./v.不同意，持异议

参考例句：

• It is too late now to make any dissent.现在提出异议太晚了。
• He felt her shoulders gave a wriggle of dissent.他感到她的肩膀因为不同意而动了一下。

15 aged   

adj.年老的，陈年的

参考例句：

• He had put on weight and aged a little.他胖了，也老点了。
• He is aged,but his memory is still good.他已年老，然而记忆力还好。

16 risky   

adj.有风险的，冒险的

参考例句：

• It may be risky but we will chance it anyhow.这可能有危险，但我们无论如何要冒一冒险。
• He is well aware how risky this investment is.他心里对这项投资的风险十分清楚。

17 correlation   

n.相互关系，相关，关连

参考例句：

• The second group of measurements had a high correlation with the first.第二组测量数据与第一组高度相关。
• A high correlation exists in America between education and economic position.教育和经济地位在美国有极密切的关系。