你的粪便也可捐赠：荷兰开设“便便银行”

 　　Everyone is familiar with calls to donate blood, sperm¹, stem cells, bone marrow² and organs, but the opening of a new 'poo bank' in the Netherlands means it is now possible to donate your faeces.

　　献血、捐精、捐献干细胞、捐骨髓、器官捐赠……这些你可能都听说过，不过最近荷兰新开了一家“便便银行”，这意味着上面的各种捐赠中又要多一项：捐便。

　　The "poo bank", more formally referred to as the Dutch Donor³ Faeces Bank (NDFB), opened recently at the Leiden University Medical Centre (LUMC).

　　“便便银行”还有个更官方的名字——“荷兰粪便捐赠库”。这家银行近日在荷兰雷登大学医疗中心（LUMC）开业。

　　The faeces deposited at the NDFB is invaluable⁴ for those living with Clostridium difficile (C. difficile) — a bacterial⁵ infection which can affect the digestive system. In the Netherlands there are 3,000 reported C. difficile cases a year, usually occurring after using antibiotics⁶ to treat other illnesses.

　　对于梭状芽胞杆菌（一种影响消化系统的病菌）携带者来说，“便便银行”的存在非常重要。荷兰每年新增3000例这种病患，这种感染通常发生于使用了抗生素治疗其他疾病之后。

　　便便银行

　　Although the infection often results in few symptoms, in approximately five per cent of patients it can recur⁷ as a regular infection. Symptoms for them include three to five bouts⁸ a day of usually foul-smelling, watery⁹ diarrhoea, sometimes blood-stained, accompanied by abdominal¹⁰ cramping¹¹ and pain.

　　虽然这种感染没有什么特别症状，但大约有5%的病患会出现反复感染。反复感染的病患每天会呈现三到五次的病状，比如便恶臭、水样便等，有时还会便血，并伴有腹部绞痛。

　　For such unfortunate sufferers faecal transplants are the only effective treatment.

　　对于这些不幸的病患，便移植就成为唯一有效的治疗手段。

　　Ed Kuijper, a professor at the LUMC explained:

　　雷登大学医疗中心教授库吉柏解释道：

　　"The effectiveness of faecal transplants in patients with a Clostridium difficile infection was proven in 2013. Since then, the treatment has been included in national and international guidelines."

　　“便移植对梭状芽胞杆菌携带者治疗的有效性已于2013年得到证实。从那时起，这种治疗手段便被本国和国际医疗机构采纳。”

　　The LUMC also provides training for those doctors who will carry out faecal transplants, of which there are said to be three or four every month in the Netherlands, although that number is increasing rapidly.

　　雷登大学医疗中心也在对医生进行便移植培训。荷兰每月约有三到四例这种手术，而且数量还在迅速增加。

　　Calling for healthy donors¹² living near Leiden to offer their deposits to the ‘poo bank’, Professor Kuijper conceded the practice is “not established yet, like giving blood is” adding:

　　库吉柏教授号召住在雷登附近的健康居民积极“捐便”，但他也承认，这种捐赠“就像献血一样，尚未形成风气”。

　　"I think it’s a matter of getting used to it."

　　他同时补充道：“我觉得这只是习惯问题。”

　　你知道吗？

　　不同于去年已开设两间同类银行的美国，荷兰的便便捐赠者是没有酬劳的，捐赠者保持匿名。

1 sperm   

n.精子，精液

参考例句：

• Only one sperm fertilises an egg.只有一个精子使卵子受精。
• In human reproduction,one female egg is usually fertilized by one sperm.在人体生殖过程中，一个精子使一个卵子受精。

2 marrow   

n.骨髓；精华；活力

参考例句：

• It was so cold that he felt frozen to the marrow. 天气太冷了，他感到寒冷刺骨。
• He was tired to the marrow of his bones.他真是累得筋疲力尽了。

3 donor   

n.捐献者；赠送人；(组织、器官等的)供体

参考例句：

• In these cases,the recipient usually takes care of the donor afterwards.在这类情况下，接受捐献者以后通常会照顾捐赠者。
• The Doctor transplanted the donor's heart to Mike's chest cavity.医生将捐赠者的心脏移植进麦克的胸腔。

4 invaluable   

adj.无价的，非常宝贵的，极为贵重的

参考例句：

• A computer would have been invaluable for this job.一台计算机对这个工作的作用会是无法估计的。
• This information was invaluable to him.这个消息对他来说是非常宝贵的。

5 bacterial   

a.细菌的

参考例句：

• Bacterial reproduction is accelerated in weightless space. 在失重的空间，细菌繁殖加快了。
• Brain lesions can be caused by bacterial infections. 大脑损伤可能由细菌感染引起。

6 antibiotics   

n.（用作复数）抗生素；（用作单数）抗生物质的研究；抗生素，抗菌素( antibiotic的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• the discovery of antibiotics in the 20th century 20世纪抗生素的发现
• The doctor gave me a prescription for antibiotics. 医生给我开了抗生素。

7 recur   

vi.复发，重现，再发生

参考例句：

• Economic crises recur periodically.经济危机周期性地发生。
• Of course,many problems recur at various periods.当然，有许多问题会在不同的时期反复提出。

8 bouts   

n.拳击（或摔跤）比赛( bout的名词复数 )；一段（工作）；（尤指坏事的）一通；（疾病的）发作

参考例句：

• For much of his life he suffered from recurrent bouts of depression. 他的大半辈子反复发作抑郁症。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• It was one of fistiana's most famous championship bouts. 这是拳击界最有名的冠军赛之一。 来自《现代英汉综合大词典》

9 watery   

adj.有水的，水汪汪的；湿的，湿润的

参考例句：

• In his watery eyes there is an expression of distrust.他那含泪的眼睛流露出惊惶失措的神情。
• Her eyes became watery because of the smoke.因为烟熏，她的双眼变得泪汪汪的。

10 abdominal   

adj.腹（部）的，下腹的；n.腹肌

参考例句：

• The abdominal aorta is normally smaller than the thoracic aorta.腹主动脉一般比胸主动脉小。
• Abdominal tissues sometimes adhere after an operation.手术之后腹部有时会出现粘连。

11 cramping   

图像压缩

参考例句：

• The bleeding may keep my left hand from cramping. 淌血会叫我的左手不抽筋。
• This loss of sodium can cause dehydration and cramping. 钠流失会造成脱水和抽筋。

12 donors   

n.捐赠者( donor的名词复数 )；献血者；捐血者；器官捐献者

参考例句：

• Please email us to be removed from our active list of blood donors. 假如你想把自己的名字从献血联系人名单中删去，请给我们发电子邮件。
• About half this amount comes from individual donors and bequests. 这笔钱大约有一半来自个人捐赠及遗赠。 来自《简明英汉词典》