战胜时差反应，你需要知道的一切

 　　Everyone knows that jet lag feeling: You’re groggy¹ at dinner, but unable to sleep at night; you can’t muster² hunger at socially appropriate times and even your digestive system doesn’t seem to cooperate.

　　大家都知道倒时差的感觉：吃饭时昏昏沉沉，到晚上却不能入睡；饭点不饿，消化系统看起来也不配合。

　　And some studies have linked chronic³ jet lag (jumping time zones on at least a weekly basis) to increased risk of some cancers and quicker cognitive⁴ decline.

　　一些研究表明，部分癌症风险增加、认知能力下降，与慢性时差反应有关联。所谓慢些时差反应是指在极端时间内至少跨越了一周的时区所产生的反应。

　　In other words? It’s time to get with the (local) program fast.

　　换句话说?是时候把自己的生物钟调整至本地时间了。

　　战胜时差反应，你需要知道的一切

　　“People tolerate a few times zones without too much difficulty,” Timothy Morgenthaler, president of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine (AASM) and a board-certified sleep physician, tells HuffPost. “If you’re zipping more time zones, do some planning.”

　　美国睡眠医学会主席兼委员会认证睡眠医师Timothy Morgenthaler告诉HuffPost邮报说：“人们忍受一些时差是没有什么大碍的。如果你要穿过更多时区，那就得做些应对计划。”

　　Of course, if you’re one of the 70 million Americans who suffer from chronic sleep problems, your jet lag experience may be trickier⁵ to manage. Making a plan with your sleep doctor may be the best course of action — especially if you have to travel with a sleep apnea device or are used to taking medication of some kind.

　　当然，如果你是正在遭受慢性睡眠问题困扰的7000万美国人中的一员，那么你的时差反应将会更难管理。特别是你不得不随身带着睡眠呼吸辅助装备或已习惯吃类似治疗药物，与睡眠医生制定计划可能是做好的应对方式。

　　As in life, your sleep habits can have a big effect on your trip. “Chances are, you’re traveling because you have to or because you want to,” says Morgenthaler. “You want to be at your best.”

　　在生活中，你的睡眠习惯可能会对你的旅行有较大影响。Morgenthaler说：“无论旅行是不得已还是自己想去，你都想使自己处在最佳状态。”

　　Before You Go...

　　出发前……

　　Book a flight that works well for you.

　　预订一个适合你的航班

　　If you can’t sleep on a redeye, try to avoid booking them, international flight attendant and HuffPost blogger David Puzzo said.

　　国际航班乘务员兼霍夫顿邮报的博客作者David Puzzo说：“如果夜航班你无法睡觉，那就避免预订到此类航班。”

　　“I know that if I’m stuck in economy for 12 hours in a middle seat from [New York City] to Hong Kong, I’m not going to sleep well or at all,” Puzzo told HuffPost. “So I opt⁶ to take a day flight which leaves me in Asia in the evening, which usually lets me go right to hotel, check in and sleep. This method has proved best for me, and I’ve been doing it more and more lately and feel so much better.”

　　Puzzo告诉霍夫顿邮报：“我知道，如果一直呆在从纽约飞往香港的经济舱里长达12小时，那么我就不能很好地睡觉或者根本不能入睡。所以我倾向于乘坐白天的航班，这样就可以在傍晚时身处亚洲，这样就使我刚好订酒店、办理入住然后入睡。这个方法证明是我最好的选择。并且我随后一直采用此方法，越来越得心应手。

　　Start out well-rested.

　　休息充足地出发

　　The best defense⁷ against jet lag is going in with a baseline of restfulness. Don’t stay up late the nights before and try to avoid overnight flights when possible. Since jet lag is compounded by the hallmarks of air travel — air pressure changes and sitting in a single position for a long period of time, for example — try to combat these with lots of fresh air before your flight and trips up and down the aisle⁸ of the plane to reduce sitting time.

　　战胜时差反应的最好办法是满足基本的休息。出发前不要熬夜并且尽可能避免夜航班。因为时差反应与譬如气压变化、较长时间坐在同一位置的空中旅行病相伴，所以乘坐飞机前要尽量多的呼吸新鲜空气。在飞机上，多在过道走动，减少呆在座位上的时间。

　　Get ahead of the game.

　　提前做准备

　　Part of what makes jet lag so jarring is that it happens all at once. The AASM suggests slowly shifting sleep times in the weeks before a trip so that by the time you arrive, you’re already acclimated⁹.

　　时差反应之所以让人如此不愉快是因为它发生的比较突然。美国睡眠医学会建议，在旅行前数周慢慢调整睡眠时间，等到你出发的时候，已经开始习惯了。

　　Expect an easier westerly trip.

　　期待一个轻松的西行

　　Jet lag is worse when you head east. Due to the laws of geography, physics, etc., this means every person will have one easy leg and one harder leg. Be especially careful with your sleep on your eastbound leg.

　　当向东旅行时，你的时差反应会更剧烈。由于地理、物理等规律的影响，大家的时差反应程度有轻重之分。当向东旅行时，就要特别注意你的睡眠了。

　　Wear headphones on the plane.

　　在飞机上带上耳麦

　　Morgenthaler recommends springing for some noise-canceling headphones. “The more we have to filter out, the more effort it takes,” he says. “Many people find that they have less headaches and fatigue¹⁰ by using these, just to get some peace and focus on their own thoughts.”

　　Morgenthaler建议花钱买一个消音耳麦。他说：“我们想过滤的更多，就要更努力。许多人发现使用耳麦会降低头疼和疲劳，还能保持心境平静、专注。”

　　While You’re There...

　　当在旅行途中……

　　Give yourself time.

　　给自己些时间适应

　　Research indicates that the human body can adjust to up to two time zones per day, but it may take up to an entire day for each time zone crossed to adjust to the local time, according to WebMD. Don’t expect to completely recover overnight.

　　根据美国健康医疗网的研究，人体每天能适应两个时区的变化，但每次可能需要花费一整天才能调整到当地时间。不要期望一天就能完全恢复。

　　Sun yourself.

　　多晒晒太阳

　　Light exposure is key. Even if you feel like crawling under the covers midday, getting yourself out in daylight will help trigger the hormonal¹¹ cycle that will eventually make you sleepy at the appropriate nighttime hour.

　　暴露在光线下是关键。即使你喜欢中午蜷缩在铺盖下，也要出去接受点阳光照射，这会帮助触发你的荷尔蒙周期，最终让你在晚上适合睡眠的时间想睡觉。

　　Drink loads of water.

　　喝大量的水

　　“The symptoms of jet lag include headaches, myalgias [muscle pain] and nausea,” explains Morgenthaler. “Some are symptoms from jet lag, but some could just be from dehydration¹² during flight.” Better to eliminate anything else that could be contributing to your feelings of exhaustion¹³, just in case. Even if it truly is the jet lag producing these symptoms, water also helps you to feel alert and supports better focus.

　　Morgenthaler解释道：“时差反应症状包括头疼、肌肉痛和恶心。有些症状是因时差反应引起，有些则可能是飞行途中的脱水反应。以防万一，最好排除其他使你感觉筋疲力尽的因素。即使症状真的是由于时差反应引起的，水也能使你更加清晰并能更好地集中注意力。

　　Eat!

　　吃些东西！

　　Don’t let an empty stomach wake you up in the middle of the night and disrupt your sleep. Former flight attendant and author Abbie Unger told HuffPost: ““I can’t tell you how many times I woke up in the middle of the night in Europe starving because I hadn’t eaten in a few hours and my body thought it was mealtime.”

　　原飞机乘务员及作者Abbie Unger告诉霍夫顿邮报：“不要让胃半夜叫醒你而中断你的睡眠。我不知道多少次在欧洲的晚上饿醒。因为几个小时未进食，我的身体认为到了吃饭时间。”

　　Unger said she would purchase an extra sandwich to keep in her hotel room so she had something to eat before going to bed.

　　Unger说她会买一些额外的三明治放在宾馆房间里，以便在睡觉前有东西吃。

1 groggy   

adj.体弱的；不稳的

参考例句：

• The attack of flu left her feeling very groggy.她患流感后非常虚弱。
• She was groggy from surgery.她手术后的的情况依然很不稳定。

2 muster   

v.集合，收集，鼓起，激起；n.集合，检阅，集合人员，点名册

参考例句：

• Go and muster all the men you can find.去集合所有你能找到的人。
• I had to muster my courage up to ask him that question.我必须鼓起勇气向他问那个问题。

3 chronic   

adj.(疾病)长期未愈的，慢性的；极坏的

参考例句：

• Famine differs from chronic malnutrition.饥荒不同于慢性营养不良。
• Chronic poisoning may lead to death from inanition.慢性中毒也可能由虚弱导致死亡。

4 cognitive   

adj.认知的，认识的，有感知的

参考例句：

• As children grow older,their cognitive processes become sharper.孩子们越长越大，他们的认知过程变得更为敏锐。
• The cognitive psychologist is like the tinker who wants to know how a clock works.认知心理学者倒很像一个需要通晓钟表如何运转的钟表修理匠。

5 trickier   

adj.狡猾的( tricky的比较级 )；（形势、工作等）复杂的；机警的；微妙的

参考例句：

• This is the general rule, but some cases are trickier than others. 以上是一般规则，但某些案例会比别的案例更为棘手。 来自互联网
• The lower the numbers go, the trickier the problems get. 武器的数量越低，问题就越复杂。 来自互联网

6 opt   

vi.选择，决定做某事

参考例句：

• They opt for more holiday instead of more pay.他们选择了延长假期而不是增加工资。
• Will individual schools be given the right to opt out of the local school authority?各个学校可能有权选择退出地方教育局吗？

7 defense   

n.防御，保卫；[pl.]防务工事；辩护，答辩

参考例句：

• The accused has the right to defense.被告人有权获得辩护。
• The war has impacted the area with military and defense workers.战争使那个地区挤满了军队和防御工程人员。

8 aisle   

n.（教堂、教室、戏院等里的）过道，通道

参考例句：

• The aisle was crammed with people.过道上挤满了人。
• The girl ushered me along the aisle to my seat.引座小姐带领我沿着通道到我的座位上去。

9 acclimated   

v.使适应新环境，使服水土服水土，适应( acclimate的过去式和过去分词 )

参考例句：

• The rice has been acclimated in this area. 水稻已能适应这一地区的环境。 来自《现代英汉综合大词典》
• Have you become acclimated to Taiwan yet? 你已适应台湾的环境了吗？ 来自辞典例句

10 fatigue   

n.疲劳，劳累

参考例句：

• The old lady can't bear the fatigue of a long journey.这位老妇人不能忍受长途旅行的疲劳。
• I have got over my weakness and fatigue.我已从虚弱和疲劳中恢复过来了。

11 hormonal   

adj.激素的

参考例句：

• Some viral diseases are more severe during pregnancy, probably tecause of hormonal changes. 有些病毒病在妊娠期间比较严重，可能是由于激素变化引起的。
• She underwent surgical intervention and a subsequent short period of hormonal therapy. 他接受外科手术及随后短暂荷尔蒙治疗。

12 dehydration   

n.脱水，干燥

参考例句：

• He died from severe dehydration.他死于严重脱水。
• The eyes are often retracted from dehydration.眼睛常因脱水而凹陷。

13 exhaustion   

n.耗尽枯竭，疲惫，筋疲力尽，竭尽，详尽无遗的论述

参考例句：

• She slept the sleep of exhaustion.她因疲劳而酣睡。
• His exhaustion was obvious when he fell asleep standing.他站着睡着了，显然是太累了。