人死的时候身体会发生什么变化呢？

 　　在我们的生活中，死亡是我们所有人必定会遇到的事情，无论是家庭成员还是宠物，甚至是你都将有终结之时。事实上，每分钟世界上大约就有100人死亡。但在人死之时到底会发生什么呢？

　　No matter how differently cultures celebrate and mourn their dead, one thing is absolute: the body dies in exactly the same way.

　　其实不论不同文化悼念死者的方式有多大差异，至少有一点是相通的：人们的尸体会以同样的方式腐败消逝。

　　The people over at Asap Science decided¹ to break it down for you.

　　Asap Science频道（Youtube上有关趣味科学的热门频道）将为你揭晓这一切。

　　Death, it seems, is rather a complicated affair this is what your body goes during and after.

　　死亡看起来确实是很复杂的一个过程。我们一起来看看尸体将经历怎样的变化。

　　1.The last bit of oxygen in your body is used up, and brain activity surges briefly² as neurons stop working and the brain stops secreting³ hormones⁴ that regulate body function.

　　1.当你消耗完体内最后一缕氧气后，神经细胞会停止活动，大脑也停止分泌调控身体机能的激素，但此时的大脑活动却在短时间内激增。

　　The last of the energy stores (ATP) is used up and the sphincter relaxes, causing the body to release urine and excrement⁵.

　　储能物质（三磷酸腺苷）消耗尽后，括约肌会放松，之后大小便排出体内。

　　2. Between 15 and 25 minutes after death, the lack of blood flow to capillaries⁶ causes the skin to go pale.

　　2.死后15到20分钟内，由于毛细血管内缺少流动的血液，皮肤会开始发白。

　　The heart is no longer beating, so blood is not being propelled around the body.

　　心脏停止跳动，血液也停止在体内循环。

　　As a result, the blood pools in the lower parts of the body.

　　结果，血液会聚集在尸体的下部。

　　3. After 12 hours, the skin will have reached maximum discoloration (or a reddish purple colour).

　　3.12小时后，皮肤会完成最大程度的褪色（或变成紫红色）。

　　Calcium⁷ leaks into muscle cells, binding⁸ to proteins which are in charge of muscle contraction⁹.

　　钙会渗入肌肉细胞中和控制肌肉收缩的蛋白质结合。

　　The stiffness referred to as rigor¹¹ mortis sets in three to six hours after death, and lasts for between 24 and 48 hours.

　　尸僵会出现在死后3到6小时内，并将持续24到48小时。

　　4. Dead cells and carbon dioxide causes the PH level of your skin tissue to rise.

　　4.死亡细胞和二氧化碳会使你皮肤组织的PH值（酸碱度）升高。

　　This makes the cell membrane¹² weak and it bursts, releasing proteins and enzymes¹³ which further break down the surrounding tissue.

　　然后细胞膜会变薄并破裂，释放蛋白质和酶，这两种物质能进一步分解周围组织。

　　This is the process of decomposition¹⁴.

　　这就是分解过程。

　　5. Micro-organisms start to break down your body.

　　5.微生物开始分解尸体。

　　Bacteria in the gastro-intestinal tract¹⁰ eats through the abdominal¹⁵ organs.

　　胃肠道内的细菌蚀穿腹部器官。

　　This is called putrefaction¹⁶, and it causes the smell of death associated with a dead body.

　　这个过程我们将其称为腐烂，此后尸体会开始散发尸臭。

　　The breakdown¹⁷ of amino acids creates other strong-smelling acids which attract insects that lay eggs in the rotting tissue.

　　氨基酸分解会产生带有刺激性气味的酸，昆虫被这种气味吸引过来并在腐烂的组织内产卵。

　　The eggs hatch after 24 hours and the maggots eventually consume 60 percent of the body tissue over a number of weeks.

　　虫卵在24小时后会孵化，经过几周的时间，蛆虫会食用60%的身体组织。

　　6. Finally, the maggots create holes in the rotting flesh, which allow decomposition fluids and gases to escape.

　　6.最终，蛆虫会在腐肉里筑造小孔，分解后的液体和气体会通过这些小孔释放出来。

　　After a month and a half, beetles¹⁸ and fungi¹⁹ further consume the remains²⁰.

　　一个半月后，食腐甲虫和真菌进一步分解尸体。

　　This is called dry decay which can take up to one year.

　　这就是干腐过程，大概会持续1年。

　　Eventually, every part of the body will have been broken down and used.

　　至此，尸体的各个部位被分解吸收完毕。

1 decided   

adj.决定了的，坚决的；明显的，明确的

参考例句：

• This gave them a decided advantage over their opponents.这使他们比对手具有明显的优势。
• There is a decided difference between British and Chinese way of greeting.英国人和中国人打招呼的方式有很明显的区别。

2 briefly   

adv.简单地，简短地

参考例句：

• I want to touch briefly on another aspect of the problem.我想简单地谈一下这个问题的另一方面。
• He was kidnapped and briefly detained by a terrorist group.他被一个恐怖组织绑架并短暂拘禁。

3 secreting   

v.（尤指动物或植物器官）分泌( secrete的现在分词 )；隐匿，隐藏

参考例句：

• It is also an endocrine gland secreting at least two important hormones. 它也是一种内分泌腺，至少分泌二种重要的激素。 来自辞典例句
• And some calcite-secreting organisms also add magnesium to the mix. 有些分泌方解石的生物，会在分泌物中加入镁。 来自互联网

4 hormones   

n. 荷尔蒙，激素 名词hormone的复数形式

参考例句：

• This hormone interacts closely with other hormones in the body. 这种荷尔蒙与体內其他荷尔蒙紧密地相互作用。
• The adrenals produce a large per cent of a man's sex hormones. 肾上腺分泌人体的大部分性激素。

5 excrement   

n.排泄物，粪便

参考例句：

• The cage smelled of excrement.笼子里粪臭熏人。
• Clothing can also become contaminated with dust,feathers,and excrement.衣着则会受到微尘、羽毛和粪便的污染。

6 capillaries   

毛细管，毛细血管( capillary的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• The blood flows from the capillaries back into the veins. 血从毛细血管流回静脉。
• While Joe sleeps, a large percentage of his capillaries are inactive. 当乔睡觉时，他的毛细血管大部分是不工作的。

7 calcium   

n.钙(化学符号Ca)

参考例句：

• We need calcium to make bones.我们需要钙来壮骨。
• Calcium is found most abundantly in milk.奶含钙最丰富。

8 binding   

有约束力的，有效的，应遵守的

参考例句：

• The contract was not signed and has no binding force. 合同没有签署因而没有约束力。
• Both sides have agreed that the arbitration will be binding. 双方都赞同仲裁具有约束力。

9 contraction   

n.缩略词，缩写式，害病

参考例句：

• The contraction of this muscle raises the lower arm.肌肉的收缩使前臂抬起。
• The forces of expansion are balanced by forces of contraction.扩张力和收缩力相互平衡。

10 tract   

n.传单，小册子，大片(土地或森林)

参考例句：

• He owns a large tract of forest.他拥有一大片森林。
• He wrote a tract on this subject.他曾对此写了一篇短文。

11 rigor   

n.严酷，严格，严厉

参考例句：

• Their analysis lacks rigor.他们的分析缺乏严谨性。||The crime will be treated with the full rigor of the law.这一罪行会严格依法审理。

12 membrane   

n.薄膜，膜皮，羊皮纸

参考例句：

• A vibrating membrane in the ear helps to convey sounds to the brain.耳膜的振动帮助声音传送到大脑。
• A plastic membrane serves as selective diffusion barrier.一层塑料薄膜起着选择性渗透屏障的作用。

13 enzymes   

n. 酶，酵素

参考例句：

• It was said that washing powders containing enzymes remove stains more efficiently. 据说加酶洗衣粉除污更有效。
• Among the enzymes which are particularly effective are pepsin, papain. 在酶当中特别有效的是胃朊酶、木瓜酶。

14 decomposition   

n. 分解, 腐烂, 崩溃

参考例句：

• It is said that the magnetite was formed by a chemical process called thermal decomposition. 据说这枚陨星是在热分解的化学过程中形成的。
• The dehydration process leads to fairly extensive decomposition of the product. 脱水过程会导致产物相当程度的分解。

15 abdominal   

adj.腹（部）的，下腹的；n.腹肌

参考例句：

• The abdominal aorta is normally smaller than the thoracic aorta.腹主动脉一般比胸主动脉小。
• Abdominal tissues sometimes adhere after an operation.手术之后腹部有时会出现粘连。

16 putrefaction   

n.腐坏，腐败

参考例句：

• Putrefaction is the anaerobic degradation of proteinaceous materials.腐败作用是蛋白性物质的厌氧降解作用。
• There is a clear difference between fermentation and putrefaction.发酵与腐败有明显区别。

17 breakdown   

n.垮，衰竭；损坏，故障，倒塌

参考例句：

• She suffered a nervous breakdown.她患神经衰弱。
• The plane had a breakdown in the air,but it was fortunately removed by the ace pilot.飞机在空中发生了故障，但幸运的是被王牌驾驶员排除了。

18 beetles   

n.甲虫( beetle的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• Beetles bury pellets of dung and lay their eggs within them. 甲壳虫把粪粒埋起来，然后在里面产卵。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• This kind of beetles have hard shell. 这类甲虫有坚硬的外壳。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》

19 fungi   

n.真菌，霉菌

参考例句：

• Students practice to apply the study of genetics to multicellular plants and fungi.学生们练习把基因学应用到多细胞植物和真菌中。
• The lawn was covered with fungi.草地上到处都是蘑菇。

20 remains   

n.剩余物，残留物；遗体，遗迹

参考例句：

• He ate the remains of food hungrily.他狼吞虎咽地吃剩余的食物。
• The remains of the meal were fed to the dog.残羹剩饭喂狗了。