提高英语阅读理解有技巧：5招快速提高英语阅读能力

 　　Forget what you know about reading

　　忘掉你知道的阅读技巧

　　There is a right way to read a book for pleasure, and a right way to read a book for learning. You can read a book for pleasure one time through and be just fine. However, it is harmful to assume that you should approach academic reading the same way. In order to read and comprehend a book or article for school, you need to be much more intentional¹ and strategic.

　　看书娱乐与看书学习有各自不同的方法。你可以匆匆看一遍书来娱乐，但是如果你用同样的方式来学习则有弊无利。要想理解与血液有关的一本书或是一篇文章，你要采取策略。

　　Understand genres³ and themes

　　了解书的不同类别

　　In most reading tests, the student is asked to read a passage and predict what might happen next. Prediction is a common reading comprehension strategy. The purpose for this strategy is to make sure you’re able to infer information from the clues in the text.

　　在大多数阅读考试中，学生都被要求看一篇文章并预测接接下来的走向。预测是一个很常见的阅读理解策略。该策略的目的是确保你可以通过文中线索预测信息。

　　Here’s an passage to clarify this point:

　　这里是一篇短文作为例子：

　　Clara gripped the handle of the heavy glass pitcher⁴ and lifted it from the refrigerator shelf. She didn’t understand why her mother thought she was too young to pour her own juice. As she backed away carefully, the rubber seal of the refrigerator door caught the lip of the glass pitcher, which caused the slippery handle to slip from her hand. As she watch the pitcher crash into a thousand pieces, she saw the figure of her mother appear in the kitchen doorway⁵.

　　克莱拉握着沉甸甸的大水罐把手，把它从冰箱上拿下来。她不明白为什么她妈妈认为她还太小，不能自己倒果汁喝。她小心翼翼地退后，但是冰箱门的橡胶圈碰到了水罐的盖子，克莱拉手一松，水罐掉了下来，摔成碎片，这时，她看到妈妈走进了厨房。

　　So, what do you think will happen next? We could guess that Clara’s mother reacts angrily, or we might guess that the mother bursts into laughter. Either answer would be sufficient, since we have so little information to go on. But if I told you that this passage was an excerpt⁶ from a thriller⁷, that fact might impact your answer. Similarly, if I told you this passage came from a comedy, you'd make a very different prediction.

　　接下来会发生什么?我们可以猜猜，克莱拉的妈妈会怒火中烧还是狂笑不止。这两种情况都很可能，因为我们知道的信息太少。但是没如果我告诉你这篇文章节选自恐怖小说，这就会影响你的答案。同样的，如果我说这篇文章节选自喜剧，你也会做出完全不同的预测。

　　It is important to know something about the type of text you're reading. Understanding the genre² of a book helps you make predictions about the action--which helps you comprehend the action.

　　知道你所读的材料的类别很重要，了解类别可以帮助你预测，也可以帮助你理解。

　　Read with tools

　　利用工具阅读

　　Any time you read to learn, you should use active reading skills. There are good tools to use as you read, and there are tools that are not so good to use.

　　每当你一边阅读一边学习，你都要用上阅读技巧。阅读工具有好也有坏。

　　A pencil is a good tool. You can use a pencil to make annotations⁸ in the margins¹⁰ of your text without doing any permanent damage to the text. Another good tool is a pack of sticky notes. Use your notes to jot¹¹ down thoughts, impressions, predictions, and questions as you read. A highlighter, on the other hand, can be a really bad tool. Not only do you create some serious damage when you highlight a book, you also give yourself the false impression that you have accomplished¹² anything significant by doing so.

　　铅笔是个好工具，你可以在书的空白处坐上注释，而不会损坏书本。另一个好工具是便利贴。你可以一边读一边写下你的想法、印象、预测及疑问。荧光笔也许会误事。因为你不但损坏了书本，还给自己留下了已经标出重点的错误印象。

　　Work the vocabulary skills

　　学习词汇技巧

　　It's a no-brainer that you should take the time to identify and look up new and unfamiliar¹³ words as you read. But it's important to make a log book of those new words, and revisit them long after you've finished reading that book. The more we study a subject, the more it sinks in.

　　人人都知道要花时间查阅读中遇到的生词，但是重要的是你要把这些生词记录下来，并在阅读后复习它们。对一个方向的学习越深，你了解的就越多。

　　Analyze¹⁴ the title (and subtitles)

　　If you are wondering why I would mention the title last, I can assure you that there is a good reason. The title is often the last thing to be adjusted once a writer has finished writing. A writer will labor¹⁵ hard and long on an article or book, and often the writer uses many of the same strategies that a good reader uses. Writers edit the text and identify themes, make predictions, and make notations⁹ galore. Many writers are surprised by the twists and turns that come from the creative process. This is why, once a text is completed, the writer may reflect on the true message or purpose as a final step and come up with a new title. This means you can use the title as a clue to help you understand the message or purpose of your text.

　　如果你好奇为什么我在最后提出要分析标题，我可以向你保证，我有一个绝佳的理由。标题往往是作者写完以后最后要调整的东西。作者会在标题上花费大量的心思，很经常，作者们取标题时会依照读者们的策略。作者会编辑文章，确定主旨，进行预测，并做大量标记。许多作者都惊叹自己创作过程中的迂回曲折，这也是为什么一篇文章写成后，作者会将思考文章的信息和目的作为最后一步，然后想出新标题。这意味着你可以视标题为线索，来帮助你理解这篇文本的信息或目的。

1 intentional   

adj.故意的，有意（识）的

参考例句：

• Let me assure you that it was not intentional.我向你保证那不是故意的。
• His insult was intentional.他的侮辱是有意的。

2 genre   

n.(文学、艺术等的)类型，体裁，风格

参考例句：

• My favorite music genre is blues.我最喜欢的音乐种类是布鲁斯音乐。
• Superficially,this Shakespeare's work seems to fit into the same genre.从表面上看， 莎士比亚的这个剧本似乎属于同一类型。

3 genres   

（文学、艺术等的）类型，体裁，风格( genre的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• Novel and short story are different genres. 长篇小说和短篇小说是不同的类别。
• But confusions over the two genres have a long history. 但是类型的混淆，古已有之。 来自汉英文学 - 散文英译

4 pitcher   

n.(有嘴和柄的)大水罐；(棒球)投手

参考例句：

• He poured the milk out of the pitcher.他从大罐中倒出牛奶。
• Any pitcher is liable to crack during a tight game.任何投手在紧张的比赛中都可能会失常。

5 doorway   

n.门口，(喻)入门；门路，途径

参考例句：

• They huddled in the shop doorway to shelter from the rain.他们挤在商店门口躲雨。
• Mary suddenly appeared in the doorway.玛丽突然出现在门口。

6 excerpt   

n.摘录，选录，节录

参考例句：

• This is an excerpt from a novel.这是一部小说的摘录。
• Can you excerpt something from the newspaper? 你能从报纸上选录些东西吗？

7 thriller   

n.惊险片，恐怖片

参考例句：

• He began by writing a thriller.That book sold a million copies.他是写惊险小说起家的。那本书卖了一百万册。
• I always take a thriller to read on the train.我乘火车时，总带一本惊险小说看。

8 annotations   

n.注释( annotation的名词复数 )；附注

参考例句：

• I wrote annotations in the margin of the book. 我在书的边缘作注。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• My annotations appear in square brackets. 在方括号里有我给的注解。 来自辞典例句

9 notations   

记号，标记法( notation的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• He was frowning and wishing he could decode the notations on the slips. 他皱着眉，挖空心思地想认出赌签上的记号。 来自教父部分
• In section 2, we give some notations and some lemmas. 在本文第二部分，我们给出一些符号及引理。

10 margins   

边( margin的名词复数 )； 利润； 页边空白； 差数

参考例句：

• They have always had to make do with relatively small profit margins. 他们不得不经常设法应付较少的利润额。
• To create more space between the navigation items, add left and right margins to the links. 在每个项目间留更多的空隙，加左或者右的margins来定义链接。

11 jot   

n.少量；vi.草草记下；vt.匆匆写下

参考例句：

• I'll jot down their address before I forget it.我得赶快把他们的地址写下来，免得忘了。
• There is not a jot of evidence to say it does them any good.没有丝毫的证据显示这对他们有任何好处。

12 accomplished   

adj.有才艺的；有造诣的；达到了的

参考例句：

• Thanks to your help,we accomplished the task ahead of schedule.亏得你们帮忙,我们才提前完成了任务。
• Removal of excess heat is accomplished by means of a radiator.通过散热器完成多余热量的排出。

13 unfamiliar   

adj.陌生的，不熟悉的

参考例句：

• I am unfamiliar with the place and the people here.我在这儿人地生疏。
• The man seemed unfamiliar to me.这人很面生。

14 analyze   

vt.分析，解析 (=analyse)

参考例句：

• We should analyze the cause and effect of this event.我们应该分析这场事变的因果。
• The teacher tried to analyze the cause of our failure.老师设法分析我们失败的原因。

15 labor   

n.劳动，努力，工作，劳工；分娩；vi.劳动，努力，苦干；vt.详细分析；麻烦

参考例句：

• We are never late in satisfying him for his labor.我们从不延误付给他劳动报酬。
• He was completely spent after two weeks of hard labor.艰苦劳动两周后，他已经疲惫不堪了。