四级考试写作精讲：作文之基本技能

四级考试写作精讲：作文之基本技能

倒装句

倒装句第一步：四级精彩套句展示我们将通过三个常考的四级写作句型揭示倒装句的奥妙。

1. So + 形容词 + be + 主词 + that + 句子（如此…以至于…）

「例」So precious is time that we can not afford to waste it.  时间是如此珍贵，我们经不起浪费它。

这是四级考试作文部分经常用到的一个套句，也是我们在第一部分要学习的第一种句型——倒装句。

我们注意到这个句子的谓语动词“be”放到的了主语的前面，这种句子成分顺序和标准句型不一致的句型就是倒装句。

倒装（The Inversion），一般来说是一种较正式的句型，能考查考生的英文写作水平。在文章的开头用倒装句你的文章会因此而添色不少，也是写应试作文获取高分的亮点之一，所以我们一定要学会正确地使用它，恰当地用来阐述自己的观点。

2. adj. + as + Subject（主词）+ be， S. + V. + …（虽然…）

「例」Rich as our country is， our quality of life is by no means satisfactory.虽然我们的国家富有，我们的生活品质却不是令人满意的。

v by no means = in no way = on no account一点也不3. On no account can we + V. + …（我们绝对不能…）

「例」On no account can we ignore the value of knowledge.我们绝对不能忽略知识的价值。

第二步：语法精讲1. 简介倒装有两种。将主语和谓语完全颠倒过来，叫做完全倒装（complete inversion）。

「例」Then began a bitter war between the two countries.  于是两国之间开始了恶战。

只将助动词（包括情态动词）移至主语之前，叫做部分倒装（partial inversion）。

At no time can the entrance be left unguarded.  入口需要随时有人把守。

2. 四级必考句型（1） Among the disadvantages that        may bring to       are that + S. + V.， making + n. + adj.「分析」有时候，为了强调“介词 + 宾语”结构，我们把它置于句首，此时句子需要全部倒装，在本句中我们把谓语动词“are”放在了主语结构“that…”的前面。

Among the disadvantages that cars may bring to our lives are that we could spend more time in traffic jams and we would likely spend more money on operation and maintenance fees， making our schedules tighter and our pockets lighter¹！

（2） With these steps， we can change our society into one out of which comes the possibility that「分析」句中的定语从句“out of which comes the possibility…”是完全倒装句。

With these steps， we can change our society into one out of which comes the possibility that natural resources will be fully² cherished.（3） There is a real possibility that, should there be a       .

「分析」Should there be a…是省略if并部分倒装的将来时虚拟条件句。还原后为：If there should be a…

There is a real possibility that we can solve this problem completely， should there be cooperation among all parties involved.（4） never， hardly， seldom， rarely， not， until…，scarcely， in no case（不管怎样也不），in no way（不管怎么也不），by no means（决不），on no account（不论什么原因也不），at no time（无论什么时候也不）等否定词放在句首时，句子要倒装。

By no means shall we cease to protect our environment.（5） It was very late. Exhausted³ though she was， there was no hope of her being able to fall asleep.「分析」从属连词as和though也可以用于让步状语从句中。这种从句必须以形容词（或形容词化的分词）、名词或动词原形开头，主句必须位于从句之后。

1） Small as a bicycle is， it can bring a lot of convenience to our lives. 2） Foolish though he looks， he always seems to make the wisest proposals. （他看起来样子傻傻的，可似乎总是能提出最聪明的建议。）

3） Try as you may， you will never succeed. （你尽管可以试，但决不会成功）。

第三步：练习与进步A. 翻译1. 至于计算机化的影响，没有什么地方比银行能更清楚地看到其成果。

2. 要不是来自政府的及时投资，我们的公司不会像现在这样繁荣昌盛。

3. 只是过了一年，我就开始看到我工作的成绩。

4. 该组织没有违反规章，但是它也没有负责任地认真工作。

5. 几乎每个月都有消息报道调查中国公民中科学教育文盲问题的严重性。

6. 打算离婚的父母没有很好地培养孩子应对将要到来的危机的能力，他们也没有向孩子们作出很有必要的保证：会有人照顾你们的。

7. 虽然他聪明机智，也觉得解决这个问题很难。

8. 她不仅学习刻苦，而且很有礼貌。

9. 树下坐着的人，是我见过的最高大的人之一。

10. 只有当研究者获得充分的数据，他们才能得出一个正确的结论。

「参考答案」

1. As for the influence of computerization， nowhere have we seen the results more clearly than in the bank. 2. Had it not been for the timely investment from the government， our company would not be thriving as it is. 3. Only after a year did I begin to see the results of my work. 4. The organization had broken no rules， but neither had it acted responsibly. 5. Hardly a month goes by without word of another survey revealing new depths of scientific illiteracy⁴ among Chinese citizens. 6. Parents planning to divorce do not sufficiently⁵ prepare their children for the coming crisis， nor do they provide them with the necessary assurances that they will be cared for in the aftermath. 7. Clever and resourceful though he was， he found more than a little difficulty solving the problem. 8. Not only was she a hard worker， but she was also very polite. 9. Under a tree was sitting one of the biggest men I had ever seen. 10. Only when the researchers have obtained sufficient data can they come to a sound conclusion. B. 改错1. Scarcely they had settled themselves in their seats in the theatre when the curtain went up. 2. Under no circumstances we should do anything that will benefit ourselves but harm the interests of the state. 3. Not until an infant hedgehog（刺猬）opens its eyes it leaves its nest to follow its mother about. 4. Down jumped was the burglar from the tenth floor when the policeman pointed⁶ his pistol at him. 5. Most of his classmates agree with the opinion that bad as he is，but he has his good points. 6. Not until have I passed the examination will I be able to go out to parties. 7. Not only the student disturb the authority of the older generation he can threaten the social system as a whole. 8. No fewer than one thousand people did come here to attend the competition. 9. We had hardly arrived when does she started crying to go home. 10. No sooner had he drunk the coffee when he began to feel drowsy⁷.「参考答案」

1. they had-had they   2. we should-should we    3. it leaves-does it leave 4. 去掉was    5. 去掉but      6. have I-I have 7. only后加does   8. did come-came     9. 去掉does 10. when-than第四步：伟人伟招1. 英勇无畏式Nothing in life is to be feared. It is only to be understood. （Marie Curie）

生活中没有什么可怕的东西，只有需要理解的东西。（居里夫人）

「点评」这句话可用于提出问题的解决方法，比如说关于“global shortage of fresh water”，在提到如何应对时，不妨说：Famous scientist Marie Curie once said， “Nothing in life is to be feared； it is only to be understood.” In the same ways， once we understand the causes of this phenomenon， we can confidently believe that we will solve the problem with the following means. 2. 热情无限式A man can succeed at almost anything for which he has unlimited⁸ enthusiasm.（C. M. Schwab）

只要有无限的热情，一个人几乎可以在任何事情上取得成功。（施瓦布）

「点评」用法和上句类似。

3. 理想远大式The important thing in life is to have a great aim， and also the determination to attain⁹ it. （Goethe）

人生重要的在于确立一个伟大的目标，并有决心使其实现。（歌德）

「点评」我们可以从歌德的话语里面，学到一个很好的句型：The important thing is to…， 不妨进一步学一个四级里面另两个更受欢迎的句型：（1） Nothing is + （adj）。er than to + V. + …

Nothing is + more + 形容词 + than to + V. + …

「例」Nothing is more important than to receive education.  没有比接受教育更重要的事。

（2） What a + adj. + n. + S. + V.！= How + adj. + a + n. + V.！（多么…！）

What an important thing it is to keep our promise！

How important a thing it is to keep our promise！

遵守诺言是多么重要的事！

第五步：实践与提高用下列给出的句型造句：

1. The narrator may be right about…， but he  neglects  to  mention        the fact that…

2.  As opposed to   widely     held  beliefs   ， I  believe   that…

3. Although many people believe that…， I  doubt   whether the argument holds up to much  analysis

4. The advantages of B  outweigh any benefit we could gain from  A.

5. Although it is  commonly   held   that…， it is unlikely that…

6. There is an element of truth in this  argument, but it ignores a deeper and more basic  fact that…

7.  It is true that, but  that is not to say  that/True it is unlikely /To be sure / it doesn‘t follow Admittedly /  that doesn’t mean it won‘t be the case

8. The  main problem  with  this  argument is that it is ignorant of  the basic  fact that…

9. It would be  natural to  think  that…,but it would be  absurd  to claim  that…

10. In all the discussion and debate over,one  important  fact is generally overlooked

1 lighter   

n.打火机，点火器；驳船；v.用驳船运送；light的比较级

参考例句：

• The portrait was touched up so as to make it lighter.这张画经过润色，色调明朗了一些。
• The lighter works off the car battery.引燃器利用汽车蓄电池打火。

2 fully   

adv.完全地，全部地，彻底地；充分地

参考例句：

• The doctor asked me to breathe in,then to breathe out fully.医生让我先吸气，然后全部呼出。
• They soon became fully integrated into the local community.他们很快就完全融入了当地人的圈子。

3 exhausted   

adj.极其疲惫的，精疲力尽的

参考例句：

• It was a long haul home and we arrived exhausted.搬运回家的这段路程特别长，到家时我们已筋疲力尽。
• Jenny was exhausted by the hustle of city life.珍妮被城市生活的忙乱弄得筋疲力尽。

4 illiteracy   

n.文盲

参考例句：

• It is encouraging to read that illiteracy is declining.从读报中了解文盲情况正在好转，这是令人鼓舞的。
• We must do away with illiteracy.我们必须扫除文盲。

5 sufficiently   

adv.足够地，充分地

参考例句：

• It turned out he had not insured the house sufficiently.原来他没有给房屋投足保险。
• The new policy was sufficiently elastic to accommodate both views.新政策充分灵活地适用两种观点。

6 pointed   

adj.尖的，直截了当的

参考例句：

• He gave me a very sharp pointed pencil.他给我一支削得非常尖的铅笔。
• She wished to show Mrs.John Dashwood by this pointed invitation to her brother.她想通过对达茨伍德夫人提出直截了当的邀请向她的哥哥表示出来。

7 drowsy   

adj.昏昏欲睡的，令人发困的

参考例句：

• Exhaust fumes made him drowsy and brought on a headache.废气把他熏得昏昏沉沉，还引起了头疼。
• I feel drowsy after lunch every day.每天午饭后我就想睡觉。

8 unlimited   

adj.无限的，不受控制的，无条件的

参考例句：

• They flew over the unlimited reaches of the Arctic.他们飞过了茫茫无边的北极上空。
• There is no safety in unlimited technological hubris.在技术方面自以为是会很危险。

9 attain   

vt.达到，获得，完成

参考例句：

• I used the scientific method to attain this end. 我用科学的方法来达到这一目的。
• His painstaking to attain his goal in life is praiseworthy. 他为实现人生目标所下的苦功是值得称赞的。