2016年6月英语四级作文高频句分析：第五部分

 五: Dialogues/monologues:

　　I am passionate¹ about English, and the challenge of expressing English fluently and swimmingly withforeigners was the principal motivation.

　　1,...having been brought up in the countryside.

　　2,Those mighty² winds pulled in a band of cloud and some patchy rain through the small hours, and into thefirst part of the morning.

　　翻译为: 那些强劲的大风卷起一层云彩, 还有些零星的小雨下了好一会, 一直持续到清晨.

　　3,clearer skies and much light winds allowed temperatures to drop well into single figures resulting in a touch of grand frost in some rural areas.

　　翻译为: 清凉的天空和微风让温度值降到了个位数,使得很多乡村地区出现了霜.

　　4,The early sunshine giving away to a bit more clouds.

　　注意的词语: give away: 让步.

　　翻译为: 太阳被一小片云层遮住了.

　　5,There was something of a drier interlude before an active weather system moved in from the west.

　　6,Some of the more exposed locations saw sustained winds of 40mph with gusts³ of 58mph.

　　练习:

　　The Greenhouse effect and Global warming

　　The heart-trapping capacity of the atmosphere is popularly known as the “greenhouse effect”. Despite public controversy⁴ surrounding global warming, the natural greenhouse effect has been long established as fact in the scientific community.

　　Indeed, carbon dioxide, and other gases, the earth’s natural climate would be about 33℃ cooler than it is. Life would have evolved quite differently in such a climate.

　　Most scientists believe that the rapid expansion of agriculture and industrial activities over the last several hundred years have generated significant increases in carbon dioxide and methane⁵ in the atmosphere. However, experts disagree about whether such changers have caused the increase of approximately 0.5℃ in the earth’s surface temperature that has been documented over the past century. Many scientists cite the fact that 1997 was the warmest year on record, following a decade in which 9 of the 11 hottest years of this century were reported, as strong, but circumstantial, evidence that human activities have altered the earth’s climate. Other experts, however, believe this temperature trend is a natural variation.

　　Also disputed is whether projectedworld population growth to more than 10 billion people by the year 2100 will result in a doubling or tripling of atmospheric⁶ concentrations of carbon dioxide. If such a buildup occurs, as many scientists predict, global surface temperatures could increase by anywhere from about one Celsius⁷ degree to about 4 Celsius degrees during the next century. The higher half of range involves temperature changes outside of those experienced by human civilizations since the end of the last ice age some 10,000 years ago. During the last ice age, average global temperatures were only about 5 Celsius degrees cooler than the present period.

　　A temperature increase of several degrees Celsius could result in a sea level rise ranging from about 10 cm to about 1 m. A sea level rise of about 0.5 m would be noticeable primarily in the most vulnerable, low-lying islands and coastal⁸ areas. Larger sea level rises would result in extensive flooding of lowland beaches, wetlands, and coastal settlements. Moreover, a higher sea level base would increases the risk of catastrophic storm surges in coastal areas, since flooding would likely extend island well beyond historic levels.

　　Warmer temperature could also intensify⁹ droughts in some regions, destabilize ecosystems¹⁰, and cause the decline or extinction¹¹ of some species. Since carbon dioxide enhances photosynthesis¹², some scientists have calculated that higher concentrations in the atmostphere would increase the productivity of crops and forests. But others have point out that carbon dioxide increase and a warming climate could encourage the spread of destructive pests, including weeds and disease-carrying insects.

参考译文:

　　大气储存热量的能力被普遍看作是”温室效应”.尽管公众对于全球气候变暖这一问题存在争议, 但是在科学界, 自然的温室效应问题很久前就被看作是事实 了.确实, 如果不是因为云层,水蒸气,二氧化碳以及其他气体对热量的储存, 地球的自然温度应该比现在低33度, 生命在那种气候条件下的进化将会大不一样.

　　大多数科学家相信, 在过去几百年里农业和工业的迅速发展使得大气中二氧化碳和甲烷的含量迅速增加.然而, 对于这些改变是否是造成地球表面温度比上个 世纪增加了大约0.5摄氏度的原因, 专家们持不同意见.许多科学家引述了这样一个事实: 1997年是有气象记录以来最热的一年, 之前的十年里有九年排在本 世纪温度最高的前11名里, 这充分且有力地证明了人类活动已经改变了地球的气候.但是另外一些科学家却认为这种温度变化趁势是自然变化.

　　另一个争议是关于世界计划人口到2100年突破100亿是否会使大气中二氧化碳含量增加一倍到两倍?许多科学家预测说如果这种情况真的发生的话, 下 个世纪世界各地的气温都将升高, 升高程度从一度到四度不等.这个温度变化范围中最大的部分比从上个冰河时代末期到现在的10000年间人类经历的温度变化 还要大.在上一个冰河时期, 全球平均气温只比现在低5摄氏度.

　　温度升高几度会造成海平面升高10厘米到1米不等.海平面上升0.5米对于处在低地的岛屿和沿海地区来说就相当危险了.海平面再升高一些就会给低地 的海滩,湿地,和沿海居民带来特大洪灾.而且, 海平面升高就会增加沿海地区发生灾难性暴风雨的可能性, 因为洪水可能会以前所末有的强度登陆.

　　温度升高还会加剧一些地方的干旱, 破坏生态平衡, 造成一些物种数量的减少甚至灭绝.由于二氧化碳能促进光合作用, 所以一些科学家估计大气中二氧化碳 含量的增加会提高庄稼的产量并且促进森林生长.但是另外一些科学家则指出二氧化碳的增加和气候变暖会使得具有破坏性的害虫,杂草以及携带疾病的昆虫大规模扩散.

1 passionate   

adj.热情的，热烈的，激昂的，易动情的，易怒的，性情暴躁的

参考例句：

• He is said to be the most passionate man.据说他是最有激情的人。
• He is very passionate about the project.他对那个项目非常热心。

2 mighty   

adj.强有力的；巨大的

参考例句：

• A mighty force was about to break loose.一股巨大的力量即将迸发而出。
• The mighty iceberg came into view.巨大的冰山出现在眼前。

3 gusts   

一阵强风( gust的名词复数 )； （怒、笑等的）爆发； （感情的）迸发； 发作

参考例句：

• Her profuse skirt bosomed out with the gusts. 她的宽大的裙子被风吹得鼓鼓的。
• Turbulence is defined as a series of irregular gusts. 紊流定义为一组无规则的突风。

4 controversy   

n.争论，辩论，争吵

参考例句：

• That is a fact beyond controversy.那是一个无可争论的事实。
• We ran the risk of becoming the butt of every controversy.我们要冒使自己在所有的纷争中都成为众矢之的的风险。

5 methane   

n.甲烷，沼气

参考例句：

• The blast was caused by pockets of methane gas that ignited.爆炸是由数袋甲烷气体着火引起的。
• Methane may have extraterrestrial significance.甲烷具有星际意义。

6 atmospheric   

adj.大气的，空气的；大气层的；大气所引起的

参考例句：

• Sea surface temperatures and atmospheric circulation are strongly coupled.海洋表面温度与大气环流是密切相关的。
• Clouds return radiant energy to the surface primarily via the atmospheric window.云主要通过大气窗区向地表辐射能量。

7 Celsius   

adj.摄氏温度计的，摄氏的

参考例句：

• The temperature tonight will fall to seven degrees Celsius.今晚气温将下降到七摄氏度。
• The maximum temperature in July may be 36 degrees Celsius.七月份最高温度可能达到36摄氏度。

8 coastal   

adj.海岸的，沿海的，沿岸的

参考例句：

• The ocean waves are slowly eating away the coastal rocks.大海的波浪慢慢地侵蚀着岸边的岩石。
• This country will fortify the coastal areas.该国将加强沿海地区的防御。

9 intensify   

vt.加强；变强；加剧

参考例句：

• We must intensify our educational work among our own troops.我们必须加强自己部队的教育工作。
• They were ordered to intensify their patrols to protect our air space.他们奉命加强巡逻，保卫我国的领空。

10 ecosystems   

n.生态系统( ecosystem的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• There are highly sensitive and delicately balanced ecosystems in the forest. 森林里有高度敏感、灵敏平衡的各种生态系统。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• Madagascar's ecosystems range from rainforest to semi-desert. 马达加斯加生态系统类型多样，从雨林到半荒漠等不一而足。 来自辞典例句

11 extinction   

n.熄灭，消亡，消灭，灭绝，绝种

参考例句：

• The plant is now in danger of extinction.这种植物现在有绝种的危险。
• The island's way of life is doomed to extinction.这个岛上的生活方式注定要消失。

12 photosynthesis   

n.光合作用

参考例句：

• In apple trees photosynthesis occurs almost exclusively in the leaves.苹果树的光合作用几乎只发生在叶内。
• Chloroplasts are the structures in which photosynthesis happens.叶绿体就是光合作用发生的地方。