四招轻松搞定托福阅读指代题

 　　四招轻松搞定托福阅读指代题

　　托福阅读指代题目目前出的不是很多，我们只需要按照几个常用步骤解题就可以了。基本做法是一：向前找，二：主从句主语一致；三：注意数格 四：前文概括总结。

　　这一节按照主从一致的基本标准做3个题目

　　例一

　　From early times pots were used in both religious and secular¹ contexts. The imperial court commissioned work and in the Yuan dynasty (A.D. 1279-1368) an imperial ceramic² factory was established at Jingdezhen. Pots played an important part in some religious ceremonies. Long and often lyrical descriptions of the different types of ware³ exist that assist in classifying pots， although these sometimes confuse an already large and complicated picture。

　　12. The word “these” in the passage refers to(2)

　　○ religious ceremonies

　　○ descriptions

　　○ types of ware

　　○ pots

　　解析：画线句子中，although必然引导从句，所以these 应和主句的主语一样。主句Long and often lyrical descriptions of the different types of ware exist that assist in classifying pots，中，因为状语和of之后的后置定语都不是主要，tion又一定是名词后缀。所以tions一定就是主句主语。因此答案是B. 看似很难的题目，很简单就可以得出结论。

　　例二

　　Animals need natural periodic signals like sunrise to maintain a cycle whose period is precisely⁴ 24 hours. Such an external cue not only coordinates⁵ an animal's daily rhythms with particular features of the local solar day but also-because it normally does so day after day-seems to keep the internal clock's period close to that of Earth's rotation⁶。

　　11. The word “it” in the passage refers to (1)

　　○ an external cue such as sunrise

　　○ the daily rhythm of an animal

　　○ the local solar day

　　○ a cycle whose period is precisely 24 hours

　　解这个题，同样的道理我们一眼落实到这个句子上了Such an external cue not only coordinates an animal's daily rhythms with particular features of the local solar day but also-because it normally does。。。；it 肯定和主句主语一致。找一下：not only do but also do明显是动词，前面的一定是主语。答案a

　　例三：语序错乱，一样找

　　They were designed to be put in places where these beings could manifest themselves in order to be the recipients⁸ of ritual actions. Thus it made sense to show the statue looking ahead at what was happening in front of it， so that the living performer of the ritual could interact with the divine or deceased recipient⁷. Very often such statues were enclosed in rectangular shrines⁹ or wall niches¹⁰ whose only opening was at the front， making it natural for the statue to display frontality. Other statues were designed to be placed within an architectural setting， for instance， in front of the monumental entrance gateways¹¹ to temples known as pylons¹²， or in pillared courts， where they would be placed against or between pillars： their frontality worked perfectly¹³ within the architectural context。

　　The word “they” in the passage refers to (1)

　　○ statues

　　○ gateways

　　○ temples

　　○ pillared courts

　　这个题我们应该落实到画线句子。Where引导的从句是必然了。那主句的主语在哪里？我们看到前面有效标点符号或者说，明显界标性质的地方是for instance，而后面不成一句(地点怎么会是一句话呢)所以我们界定这个for instance作为插入语是在影响我们思维的，那么删掉好了。往前找，主语是Other statues，很明显没有跟它争的了：) 因为后面是动词“是”。直接找ABCD里面有Other statues的就好了。

1 secular   

n.牧师，凡人；adj.世俗的，现世的，不朽的

参考例句：

• We live in an increasingly secular society.我们生活在一个日益非宗教的社会。
• Britain is a plural society in which the secular predominates.英国是个世俗主导的多元社会。

2 ceramic   

n.制陶业，陶器，陶瓷工艺

参考例句：

• The order for ceramic tiles has been booked in.瓷砖的订单已登记下来了。
• Some ceramic works of art are shown in this exhibition.这次展览会上展出了一些陶瓷艺术品。

3 ware   

n.(常用复数)商品，货物

参考例句：

• The shop sells a great variety of porcelain ware.这家店铺出售品种繁多的瓷器。
• Good ware will never want a chapman.好货不须叫卖。

4 precisely   

adv.恰好，正好，精确地，细致地

参考例句：

• It's precisely that sort of slick sales-talk that I mistrust.我不相信的正是那种油腔滑调的推销宣传。
• The man adjusted very precisely.那个人调得很准。

5 coordinates   

n.相配之衣物；坐标( coordinate的名词复数 )；（颜色协调的）配套服装；[复数]女套服；同等重要的人（或物）v.使协调，使调和( coordinate的第三人称单数 )；协调；协同；成为同等

参考例句：

• The town coordinates on this map are 695037. 该镇在这幅地图上的坐标是695037。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• The UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs, headed by the Emergency Relief Coordinator, coordinates all UN emergency relief. 联合国人道主义事务协调厅在紧急救济协调员领导下，负责协调联合国的所有紧急救济工作。 来自《简明英汉词典》

6 rotation   

n.旋转；循环，轮流

参考例句：

• Crop rotation helps prevent soil erosion.农作物轮作有助于防止水土流失。
• The workers in this workshop do day and night shifts in weekly rotation.这个车间的工人上白班和上夜班每周轮换一次。

7 recipient   

a.接受的,感受性强的 n.接受者,感受者,容器

参考例句：

• Please check that you have a valid email certificate for each recipient. 请检查是否对每个接收者都有有效的电子邮件证书。
• Colombia is the biggest U . S aid recipient in Latin America. 哥伦比亚是美国在拉丁美洲最大的援助对象。

8 recipients   

adj.接受的；受领的；容纳的；愿意接受的n.收件人；接受者；受领者；接受器

参考例句：

• The recipients of the prizes had their names printed in the paper. 获奖者的姓名登在报上。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• The recipients of prizes had their names printed in the paper. 获奖者名单登在报上。 来自《现代英汉综合大词典》

9 shrines   

圣地，圣坛，神圣场所( shrine的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• All three structures dated to the third century and were tentatively identified as shrines. 这3座建筑都建于3 世纪，并且初步鉴定为神庙。
• Their palaces and their shrines are tombs. 它们的宫殿和神殿成了墓穴。

10 niches   

壁龛( niche的名词复数 )； 合适的位置[工作等]； （产品的）商机； 生态位（一个生物所占据的生境的最小单位）

参考例句：

• Some larvae extend the galleries to form niches. 许多幼虫将坑道延伸扩大成壁龛。
• In his view differences in adaptation are insufficient to create niches commensurate in number and kind. 按照他的观点，适应的差异不足以在数量上和种类上形成同量的小生境。

11 gateways   

n.网关( gateway的名词复数 )；门径；方法；大门口

参考例句：

• Police bullets raked the gateways car. 警察的子弹对着门口的汽车扫射。 来自辞典例句
• No Internet gateways are needed for the programs operation. 该软件的操作不需要互联网网关的支持。 来自互联网

12 pylons   

n.（架高压输电线的）电缆塔( pylon的名词复数 )；挂架

参考例句：

• A-form pylons are designed to withstand earthquake forces. A型框架式塔架设计中考虑塔架能够经受地震力的作用。 来自辞典例句
• Who designed the arch bridge with granite-faced pylons at either end? 谁设计在拱桥两端镶有花岗岩的塔门？ 来自互联网

13 perfectly   

adv.完美地，无可非议地，彻底地

参考例句：

• The witnesses were each perfectly certain of what they said.证人们个个对自己所说的话十分肯定。
• Everything that we're doing is all perfectly above board.我们做的每件事情都是光明正大的。