如何阐述托福阅读文章意思

 　　例题：

　　…Although we now tend to refer to the various crafts according to the materials used to construct them-clay， glass， wood， fiber¹， and metal-it was once common to think of crafts in terms of function， which led to their being known as the “applied² arts.” Approaching crafts from the point of view of function， we can divide them into simple categories： containers， shelters， and supports. There is no way around the fact that containers， shelters， and supports must be functional³. The applied arts are thus bound by the laws of physics， which pertain⁴ to both the materials used in their making and the substances and things to be contained， supported， and sheltered. These laws are universal in their application， regardless of cultural beliefs， geography， or climate. If a pot has no bottom or has large openings in its sides， it could hardly be considered a container in any traditional sense…The passage discusses applied-art objects in relation to all of the following EXCEPTA. the techniques used in their constructionB. the ways they have been classified

　　C. their function

　　D. the universality of the laws that govern them[解析]

　　正误判断题实际上也是在考察考生理解文章主要信息的能力，从这一点来讲是与Factual Information(事实信息题)相似的，两种题型存在的差异就在于正误判断题是要求考生从四个选项中筛选出与文章不符或文章中没有提到的信息。

　　仔细阅读这一段，我们发现这一段主要是在讨论1，在过去，人们常常是根据功能来区分手工艺术品的，从而产生了“applied arts(应用艺术品)”这一概念;2，从功能的角度来区分手工艺术品，可以把它们分为收纳物(container)、遮蔽物(shelter)、支撑物(support);3，应用艺术品受到laws of physics的限定，不仅限定了制作这些艺术品的材料也限定了他们所收纳的、遮蔽的、支撑的物体。这些laws是防止四海皆准的，在任何文化信仰、世界的任何地方和任何一种气候条件都是一样的。比如如果一个没有底的罐子或是一个在旁边开口的罐子，就很难被定一位是收纳物。

　　整个段落都没有提及建造这些艺术品所使用的技术，所以A是文章中没有提到的，为正确答案。

 

1 fiber   

n.纤维，纤维质

参考例句：

• The basic structural unit of yarn is the fiber.纤维是纱的基本结构单元。
• The material must be free of fiber clumps.这种材料必须无纤维块。

2 applied   

adj.应用的；v.应用，适用

参考例句：

• She plans to take a course in applied linguistics.她打算学习应用语言学课程。
• This cream is best applied to the face at night.这种乳霜最好晚上擦脸用。

3 functional   

adj.为实用而设计的，具备功能的，起作用的

参考例句：

• The telephone was out of order,but is functional now.电话刚才坏了，但现在可以用了。
• The furniture is not fancy,just functional.这些家具不是摆着好看的，只是为了实用。

4 pertain   

v.(to)附属，从属；关于；有关；适合，相称

参考例句：

• His remark did not pertain to the question.他的话同这个问题不相干。
• It does not pertain to you to instruct him.你不适合教训他。