托福阅读中属于虚词的介词短语

 　　barring：except，not including除....外

　　concerning：about，regarding论及，关于

　　excepting=except

　　failing：in default of因缺少...;在缺少...时following：after in time;as a sequel to在....以后including：if we include如果包括我;......包括在内pending：during/until在.....期间/直到.....为止regarding：about，concerning，in respect of托福阅读文章中属于虚词的介词短语集之成语介词：

　　according tas stated by/ in proportion根据...../依照.....

　　ahead of：further forward in space or time sb/sth; ealier tan sb/sth; further advanced than sb/sthalong with：in addition to;together with另外，加之，还有apart from：exceping，not considering; in addition to除.....外/且莫说;除....之外尚有as for：with regard to至于

　　as from：on and after(a specified¹ time)从一特定时 间开始as of=as from

　　as regards：about，concerning至于，..而论as twith regard to关于，至于

　　because of：on account of，by reason

　　but for：without the help or hindrane etc.of假如没有....(帮助或障碍等);要不是by means of凭借......的方法

　　due to，because of由于

　　except for：not including，other than除了

1 specified   

adj.特定的

参考例句：

• The architect specified oak for the wood trim. 那位建筑师指定用橡木做木饰条。
• It is generated by some specified means. 这是由某些未加说明的方法产生的。