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扫清托福阅读绊脚石:倒装句解题技巧

时间:2014-08-24 11:03来源:互联网 提供网友:mapleleaf   字体: [ ]
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   托福阅读之所以成为部分同学的绊脚石,除了词汇量较大以外,句子结构复杂也是新托福阅读的障碍之一。面对难句,必须迅速把握其主干和重点,因为考试时涉及答案的主要是句子的主干和重点,对于句子简化题(sentence simplification)尤其如此。

  要把握难句的主干和重点,首先要弄清它们的类型。托福阅读中的难句主要有定语从句、同位语、并列结构、倒装句等等,对于不同类型的难句,把握主干的方法也不一样。下面以倒装句为例,为大家介绍一些把握倒装句的方法。
  托福阅读中的倒装句主要有下列情况:
  1.方位副词放在句首
  Herein lay the beginning of what ultimately turned from ignorance to denial of the value of nutritional1 therapies in medicine。
  2.介词放在句首
  Among the species of seabirds that use the windswept cliffs of the Atlantic coast of Canada in the summer to mate, lay eggs, and rear their young are common murres, Atlantic puffins, black-legged kittiwakes, and northern gannets。
  3. 形容词放在句首
  Implicit2 in it is an aesthetic3 principle as well: that the medium has certain qualities of beauty and expressiveness4 with which sculptors5 must bring own aesthetic sensibilities into harmony。
  4.过去分词放在句首
  Accustomed though we are to speaking of the films made before 1927 as “silent”, the film has never been, in the full sense of the word, silent。
  5.现在分词放在句首
  Missing until recently were fossils clearly intermediate, or transitional, between land mammals and cetaceans。
  句子倒装的目的主要有两个:
  一是被提前的部分被强调,如上述的第四句:Accustomed though we are to speaking of the films made before 1927 as “silent”,其中的accustomed按照正常语序应该放在are之后:Though we are accustomed to speaking of the films made before 1927 as “silent”。之所以将accustomed提前,是为了强调它。二是为了句子的平衡,否则将导致头重脚轻的效果,如上述的第一句、第三句和第五句。以第五句为例,按照正常语序应该是:Fossils clearly intermediate, or transitional, between land mammals and cetaceans were missing until recently。但是这种句子结构比较糟糕,因为主语及其修饰语过长(从句首直到cetaceans),而谓语部分were missing until recently较短,容易造成头重脚轻的效果。第五句将missing提前,避免了这一现象。
  托福阅读中为了考试时能迅速把握句子的主干,大家需要进行更多的阅读和分析,每种托福阅读难句类型都有一定的练习,在不断的练习中自己总结不同类型文章的行文思路,不同类型考题的答题技巧,练得多了考试时就能驾轻就熟了。
  托福阅读之所以成为部分同学的绊脚石,除了词汇量较大以外,句子结构复杂也是新托福阅读的障碍之一。面对难句,必须迅速把握其主干和重点,因为考试时涉及答案的主要是句子的主干和重点,对于句子简化题(sentence simplification)尤其如此。
  要把握难句的主干和重点,首先要弄清它们的类型。托福阅读中的难句主要有定语从句、同位语、并列结构、倒装句等等,对于不同类型的难句,把握主干的方法也不一样。下面以倒装句为例,为大家介绍一些把握倒装句的方法。
  托福阅读中的倒装句主要有下列情况:
  1.方位副词放在句首
  Herein lay the beginning of what ultimately turned from ignorance to denial of the value of nutritional therapies in medicine。
  2.介词放在句首
  Among the species of seabirds that use the windswept cliffs of the Atlantic coast of Canada in the summer to mate, lay eggs, and rear their young are common murres, Atlantic puffins, black-legged kittiwakes, and northern gannets。
  3. 形容词放在句首
  Implicit in it is an aesthetic principle as well: that the medium has certain qualities of beauty and expressiveness with which sculptors must bring own aesthetic sensibilities into harmony。
  4.过去分词放在句首
  Accustomed though we are to speaking of the films made before 1927 as “silent”, the film has never been, in the full sense of the word, silent。
  5.现在分词放在句首
  Missing until recently were fossils clearly intermediate, or transitional, between land mammals and cetaceans。
  句子倒装的目的主要有两个:
  一是被提前的部分被强调,如上述的第四句:Accustomed though we are to speaking of the films made before 1927 as “silent”,其中的accustomed按照正常语序应该放在are之后:Though we are accustomed to speaking of the films made before 1927 as “silent”。之所以将accustomed提前,是为了强调它。二是为了句子的平衡,否则将导致头重脚轻的效果,如上述的第一句、第三句和第五句。以第五句为例,按照正常语序应该是:Fossils clearly intermediate, or transitional, between land mammals and cetaceans were missing until recently。但是这种句子结构比较糟糕,因为主语及其修饰语过长(从句首直到cetaceans),而谓语部分were missing until recently较短,容易造成头重脚轻的效果。第五句将missing提前,避免了这一现象。
  托福阅读中为了考试时能迅速把握句子的主干,大家需要进行更多的阅读和分析,每种托福阅读难句类型都有一定的练习,在不断的练习中自己总结不同类型文章的行文思路,不同类型考题的答题技巧,练得多了考试时就能驾轻就熟了。
 

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1 nutritional 4HRxN     
adj.营养的,滋养的
参考例句:
  • A diet lacking in nutritional value will not keep a person healthy.缺乏营养价值的饮食不能维持人的健康。
  • The labels on food products give a lot of information about their nutritional content.食品上的标签提供很多关于营养成分的信息。
2 implicit lkhyn     
a.暗示的,含蓄的,不明晰的,绝对的
参考例句:
  • A soldier must give implicit obedience to his officers. 士兵必须绝对服从他的长官。
  • Her silence gave implicit consent. 她的沉默表示默许。
3 aesthetic px8zm     
adj.美学的,审美的,有美感
参考例句:
  • My aesthetic standards are quite different from his.我的审美标准与他的大不相同。
  • The professor advanced a new aesthetic theory.那位教授提出了新的美学理论。
4 expressiveness 5t7z1e     
n.富有表现力
参考例句:
  • His painting rose to a fresh expressiveness and revealed a shrewder insight. 他的画富有一种新的表达力,显示出更敏锐的洞察力。
  • The audiences are impressed by the expressiveness of the actors. 演员们的丰富表情给观众留下了深刻的印象。
5 sculptors 55fe6a2a17f97fa90175d8545e7fd3e2     
雕刻家,雕塑家( sculptor的名词复数 ); [天]玉夫座
参考例句:
  • He is one of Britain's best-known sculptors. 他是英国最有名的雕塑家之一。
  • Painters and sculptors are indexed separately. 画家和雕刻家被分开,分别做了索引。
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TAG标签:   托福阅读
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