老托福阅读真题及答案：PASSAGE 46

 　　老托福阅读100篇,初期托福阅读训练者可以拿练手找感觉的好材料。

　　老托福阅读试题的核心价值，在于老托阅读是最贴进去真题的阅读思维方式。

　　而托福阅读的思维方式就是托福阅读的出题方式，只有掌握了这种思维方式，才有可能在做题之前，预测到新托福阅读题的出题形式和特点，为找答案节省时间。

　　而且老托福阅读真题比新托福IBT阅读文章要短，比较容易适应。这也是大家在复习准备托福阅读的时候非常重要的一点。因为前期的入手如果能从容易的开始，就会形成一个循序渐进的过程方式，让大家的练习有一个提高的过程，给大家时间。

　　既然老托福阅读试题有这样的效果，那我们如何利用那有限的真题来达到锻炼自己的目的呢?事实上这就一个办法，就是坚持。

　　新东方网每日推荐一篇老托福阅读的真题，附有原文及答案，本期：PASSAGE 46，希望对托福考生备考有所帮助。

　　Pennsylvania's colonial ironmasters forged iron and a revolution that had both industrial and political implications. The colonists¹ in North America wanted the right to the profits gained from their manufacturing. However, England wanted all of the colonies' rich ores and raw materials to feed its own factories, and also wanted the colonies to be a market for its finished goods. England passed legislation in 1750 to prohibit colonists from making finished iron products, but by 1771, when entrepreneur Mark Bird established the Hopewell blast furnace in Pennsylvania, iron making had become the backbone² of American industry. It also had become one of the major issues that fomented³ the revolutionary break between England and the British colonies. By the time the War of Independence broke out in 1776, Bird, angered and determined⁴, was manufacturing cannons⁵ and shot at Hopewell to be used by the Continental⁶ Army.

　　After the war, Hopewell, along with hundreds of other "iron plantations," continued to form the new nation's industrial foundation well into the nineteenth century. The rural landscape became dotted with tall stone pyramids that breathed flames and smoke, charcoal⁷-fueled iron furnaces that produced the versatile⁸ metal so crucial to the nation's growth. Generations of ironmasters, craftspeople, and workers produced goods during war and peace-ranging from cannons and shot to domestic items such as cast-iron stoves, pots, and sash weights for windows.

　　The region around Hopewell had everything needed for iron production: a wealth of iron ore near the surface, limestone⁹ for removing impurities¹⁰ from the iron, hardwood forests to supply the charcoal used for fuel, rushing water to power the bellows¹¹ that pumped blasts of air into the furnace fires, and workers to supply the labor¹². By the 1830's, Hopewell had developed a reputation for producing high quality cast-iron stoves, for which there was a steady market. As Pennsylvania added more links to its transportation system of roads, canals, and railroads, it became easier to ship parts made by Hopewell workers to sites all over the east coast. There they were assembled into stoves and sold from Rhode Island to Maryland as the "Hopewell stove". By the time the last fires burned out at Hopewell ironworks in 1883, the community had produced some 80,000 cast-iron stoves.

　　1. The word "implications" in line 2 is closest in meaning to(A) significance

　　(B) motives¹³

　　(C) foundations

　　(D) progress

　　2. It can be inferred that the purpose of the legislation passed by England in 1750 was to(A) reduce the price of English-made iron goods sold in the colonies(B) prevent the outbreak of the War of Independence(C) require colonists to buy manufactured goods from England.

　　(D) keep the colonies from establishing new markets for their raw materials.

　　3. The author compares iron furnaces to which of the following?

　　(A) cannons

　　(B) pyramids

　　(C) pots

　　(D) windows

　　4. The word "rushing" in line 21 is closest in meaning to(A) reliable

　　(B) fresh

　　(C) appealing

　　(D) rapid

　　5. Pennsylvania was an ideal location for the Hopewell ironworks for all of the following reasons EXCEPT(A) Many workers were available in the area.

　　(B) The center of operations of the army was nearby.

　　(C) The metal ore was easy to acquire

　　(D) There was an abundance of wood.

　　6. The passage mentions "roads, canals, and railroads" in line 25 in order to explain that(A) improvements in transportation benefited the Hopewell ironworks(B) iron was used in the construction of various types of transportation(C) the transportation system of Pennsylvania was superior to that of other states.

　　(D) Hopewell never became a major transportation center7. The word "they" in line 26 refers to

　　(A) links

　　(B) parts

　　(C) workers

　　(D) sites

　　8. The word "some" in line 28 is closest in meaning to(A) only

　　(B) a maximum of

　　(C) approximately

　　(D) a variety of

　　正确答案： ACBDB ABC

 

1 colonists   

n.殖民地开拓者，移民，殖民地居民( colonist的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• Colonists from Europe populated many parts of the Americas. 欧洲的殖民者移居到了美洲的许多地方。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• Some of the early colonists were cruel to the native population. 有些早期移居殖民地的人对当地居民很残忍。 来自《简明英汉词典》

2 backbone   

n.脊骨，脊柱，骨干；刚毅，骨气

参考例句：

• The Chinese people have backbone.中国人民有骨气。
• The backbone is an articulate structure.脊椎骨是一种关节相连的结构。

3 fomented   

v.激起，煽动（麻烦等）( foment的过去式和过去分词 )

参考例句：

• His words finally fomented her hostility. 他的言词终于引发了她的敌意。 来自辞典例句
• His legs should be fomented. 应当对他的双腿进行热敷。 来自互联网

4 determined   

adj.坚定的；有决心的

参考例句：

• I have determined on going to Tibet after graduation.我已决定毕业后去西藏。
• He determined to view the rooms behind the office.他决定查看一下办公室后面的房间。

5 cannons   

n.加农炮，大炮，火炮( cannon的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• Cannons bombarded enemy lines. 大炮轰击了敌军阵地。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• One company had been furnished with six cannons. 某连队装备了六门大炮。 来自《简明英汉词典》

6 continental   

adj.大陆的，大陆性的，欧洲大陆的

参考例句：

• A continental climate is different from an insular one.大陆性气候不同于岛屿气候。
• The most ancient parts of the continental crust are 4000 million years old.大陆地壳最古老的部分有40亿年历史。

7 charcoal   

n.炭，木炭，生物炭

参考例句：

• We need to get some more charcoal for the barbecue.我们烧烤需要更多的碳。
• Charcoal is used to filter water.木炭是用来过滤水的。

8 versatile   

adj.通用的，万用的；多才多艺的，多方面的

参考例句：

• A versatile person is often good at a number of different things.多才多艺的人通常擅长许多种不同的事情。
• He had been one of the game's most versatile athletes.他是这项运动中技术最全面的运动员之一。

9 limestone   

n.石灰石

参考例句：

• Limestone is often used in building construction.石灰岩常用于建筑。
• Cement is made from limestone.水泥是由石灰石制成的。

10 impurities   

不纯( impurity的名词复数 )； 不洁； 淫秽； 杂质

参考例句：

• A filter will remove most impurities found in water. 过滤器会滤掉水中的大部分杂质。
• Oil is refined to remove naturally occurring impurities. 油经过提炼去除天然存在的杂质。

11 bellows   

n.风箱；发出吼叫声，咆哮（尤指因痛苦）( bellow的名词复数 )；（愤怒地）说出（某事），大叫v.发出吼叫声，咆哮（尤指因痛苦）( bellow的第三人称单数 )；（愤怒地）说出（某事），大叫

参考例句：

• His job is to blow the bellows for the blacksmith. 他的工作是给铁匠拉风箱。 来自辞典例句
• You could, I suppose, compare me to a blacksmith's bellows. 我想，你可能把我比作铁匠的风箱。 来自辞典例句

12 labor   

n.劳动，努力，工作，劳工；分娩；vi.劳动，努力，苦干；vt.详细分析；麻烦

参考例句：

• We are never late in satisfying him for his labor.我们从不延误付给他劳动报酬。
• He was completely spent after two weeks of hard labor.艰苦劳动两周后，他已经疲惫不堪了。

13 motives   

n.动机，目的( motive的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• to impeach sb's motives 怀疑某人的动机
• His motives are unclear. 他的用意不明。