托福阅读解题方法之排除列举题

 　　托福阅读中有几种题型是设计是一定会花费你相对较多时间的，而排除列举题就是其中的一种。其本质其实也是细节题，只是与细节题刚好相反，细节题是选出唯一正确的选项，而排除列举题需要做的则是选出唯一错误的那个选项。

　　排除列举题也有两种基本的解题技巧，一是根据关键词去原文中定位，二是通过选项到原文中定位排除。

　　第一，根据关键词去原文中定位。排除列举题在原文中一般是有并列结构存在的，因此我们首先选用的方法是根据题干中的关键词去原文定位，看看是否有并列存在。并列分两种情况，第一种是在原文中并列列举，如 including A, B, C and D。第二种是在原文中分散列举，如first...second....third....;或者.....moreover/in addition......，当你发现有moreover或者in addition这样的字眼时，就要知道在这之前肯定还有别的并列内容，在原文找到这些并列内容之后，就可以跟选项一一对应，选出原文没有提到的，或者与原文相反的，或者虽然是原文提到的正确信息但是答非所问的选项。下面我们就来具体看一个具体的托福阅读题例子。

　　Paragraph 3: The samething happens to this day, though on a smaller scale, wherever a sediment¹-ladenriver or stream emerges from a mountain valley onto relatively² flat land,dropping its load as the current slows: the water usually spreads out fanwise,depositing the sediment in the form of a smooth, fan-shaped slope. Sedimentsare also dropped where a river slows on entering a lake or the sea, thedeposited sediments³ are on a lake floor or the seafloor at first, but will belocated inland at some future date, when the sea level falls or the land rises;such beds are sometimes thousands of meters thick.

　　6. All of the followingare mentioned in paragraph 3 as places that sediment-laden rivers can deposittheir sediments EXCEPT

　　A: Mountain Valley

　　B: Flat land

　　C: Lake floor

　　D: The seafloor

　　解析：首先根据题干中的关键词sediment-laden定位至原文第一句说river or stream emerges from a mountain valley，说明a mountain valley是河流的发源地而不是积累沉淀的地方，因此直接就可以选出A。后面说了emerges from ...onto relatively flat land, dropping its load,即是将load留在了flat land上，对应选项B;接着下一句说also dropped说明后面紧跟的也是河流积累沉淀的地方，the deposited sediments are on a lake floor or the seafloor，说明沉淀也会留在lake floor或者sea floor，分别对应选项C和D。

1 sediment   

n.沉淀，沉渣，沉积(物)

参考例句：

• The sediment settled and the water was clear.杂质沉淀后，水变清了。
• Sediment begins to choke the channel's opening.沉积物开始淤塞河道口。

2 relatively   

adv.比较...地，相对地

参考例句：

• The rabbit is a relatively recent introduction in Australia.兔子是相对较新引入澳大利亚的物种。
• The operation was relatively painless.手术相对来说不痛。

3 sediments   

沉淀物( sediment的名词复数 )； 沉积物

参考例句：

• When deposited, 70-80% of the volume of muddy sediments may be water. 泥质沉积物沉积后，体积的70-80％是水。
• Oligocene erosion had truncated the sediments draped over the dome. 覆盖于穹丘上的沉积岩为渐新世侵蚀所截削。