托福阅读中常见的熟词僻意

 　　适当的了解一下托福词汇的熟词僻意是很有帮助的，下面为考生分享的是托福阅读中常见的熟词僻意，供考生参考。

　　1. address

　　熟义：n.地址

　　僻义：v.向...致辞, 演说

　　Depending on whom he is addressing, the problems will be different.

　　根据与他谈话的不同对象，问题也有所不同。

　　2. diet

　　熟义：n.饮食习惯

　　僻义：n.减肥,瘦身;议会

　　American industry has changed its structure, has gone on a diet, and has

　　learnt to be more quick-witted.

　　美国的工业已经改变了结构，进行了瘦身，学会了明智。

　　3. cause

　　熟义：n./v.原因，导致

　　僻义：n.事业，理想，目标

　　One such cause now seeks to end biomedical research because of the theory

　　that animals have rights ruling out their use in research.

　　一个这样的事业现在正在寻求终止生物医学的研究，因为有这样一种理论说，动物享有权利禁止它们被用于实验。

　　4. novel

　　熟义：n.小说

　　僻义：adj.新颖的

　　When a novel literary idea appears, people should try to determine its

　　purposes.

　　当一种新的文学理念出现时，人们应该试着去了解它的意图。

　　5. realize

　　熟义：v.意识到

　　僻义：v.实现，发挥

　　Former Colorado governor Richard Lamm has been quoted as saying that the old

　　and infirm "have a duty to die and get out of the way", so that

　　younger,healthier people can realize their potential.

　　据说，Colorado州前州长Richard Lamm曾经说，老年多病者“有责任死去和让位”，以让更年轻、更健康的人们去发挥他们的潜能。

　　6. stop

　　熟义：n./v.停止

　　僻义：n.句号

　　We must pour out a large stream of essential words, unhampered by stops, or

　　qualifying adjectives, or finite verbs.

　　我们必须大量使用基本词汇，摆脱句号，修饰性形容词及限定动词的羁绊。

　　7. sound

　　熟义：n. 声音, 语音, 噪音 v. 听起来

　　僻义：adj.健全的, 合理的, 有效彻底的, 健康的(soundand safe: 安然无恙)

　　If we are ever going to protect the atmosphere, it is crucial that those new

　　plants be environmentally sound.

　　如果我们准备保护大气，关键要让这些新发电厂对环境无害。

　　8. firm

　　熟义：adj. 结实的，稳固的

　　僻义：n. 公司，商号

　　Until California recently passed a law, American firms did not have to tell

　　anyone,even the victim, when data went astray.

　　直到加利福尼亚最近通过了一项法律，美国的公司不必告知任何人信息何时泄露，甚至包括受害人。

　　9. might

　　熟义：may的过去式

　　僻义：n. 力量，威权 (with might and main: 尽全力)

　　The process sweeps from hyperactive America to Europe and reaches the

　　emerging countries with unsurpassed might.

　　这个浪潮从异常活跃的美国席卷到欧洲，并以不可比拟的威力影响到正在崛起的国家。

　　10. weather

　　熟义：n.天气

　　僻义：v.经受风雨，度过难关

　　This “added-worker effect” could support the safety net offered by

　　unemployment insurance or disability insurance to help families weather bad

　　times.

　　这种"附加工人效应"可以支持失业保险或残疾保险所提供的保障制度，以帮助家庭渡过困难时期。

　　11. panel

　　熟义：n.仪表板，面板

　　僻义：n.专家小组

　　The latest was a panel from the National Academy of Sciences, enlisted¹ by the

　　White House, to tell us that the Earth's atmosphere is definitely warming and

　　that the problem is largely man-made.

　　最近的行动是由白宫召集了一批来自国家科学院的专家团，他们告诉我们，地球气候毫无疑问正在变暖，而这个问题主要是人为造成的。

　　12. keep

　　熟义：v.保持

　　僻义：n.生计

　　Open-source spying does have its risks, of course, since it can be difficult

　　to tell good information from bad. That's where Straitford earns its keep.

　　当然公开来源的谍报活动的确有它的风险，因为很难区分正确与错误的信息。这正是Straitford公司赚得生计的地方。

　　13. promise

　　熟义：v./n.承诺

　　僻义：n.有希望，有前途(promising: (形)有希望的，有前途的)

　　Hofstadter says our country's educational system is in the grips of people

　　who"joyfully and militantly² proclaim their hostility³ to intellect and their

　　eagerness to identify with children who show the least intellectual

　　promise."

　　Hofstadter说，掌握我们国家教育体系的人“沾沾自喜地、霸气十足地公然宣称敌视才学，迫不及待地认同那些看来在才学方面最无前途的孩子。”

　　14. buy

　　熟义：v.购买

　　僻义：v.听信，认同

　　Lots of Americans bought that nonsense, and over three decades, some 10

　　million smokers⁴ went to early graves.

　　许多美国人相信了这些胡言乱语，在三十多年中，差不多有一千万烟民早早的进了坟墓。

　　15. catch

　　熟义：v.抓住

　　僻义：n.捕获，捕获量

　　That means a higher proportion of what is in the sea is being caught, so the

　　real difference between present and past is likely to be worse than the one

　　recorded by changes in catch sizes.

　　这意味着可以捕获更多的海洋生物，所以现在和过去的真正差距可能会比之前在捕获区记录的数据所体现出的更糟糕。

　　16. game

　　熟义：n.游戏,比赛

　　僻义：n.猎物

　　The large, slow-growing animals were easy game, and were quickly hunted to

　　extinction⁵.

　　但大部分的，成长缓慢的动物则成了狩猎的目标，并且很快被狩猎到灭绝。

　　17. slip

　　熟义：v.滑倒

　　僻义：n.纸片

　　Nowa pink slip, a bad diagnosis⁶, or a disappearing spouse⁷ can reduce a family

　　from solidly middle class to newly poor in a few months.

　　如今，一份解雇通知书、一个不利的诊断结果或者配偶的去世都可能在几个月之内将一个家庭从稳定的中产阶层家庭降格成为一个新贫困家庭。

　　18. tap

　　熟义：v.轻拍，n. 水龙头，栓头

　　僻义：v.开发

　　In the first year or so of Web business, most of the action has revolved⁸

　　around efforts to tap the consumer market.

　　大约在网上交易的第一年当中，大部分业务活动都是围绕着努力开发消费者市场来进行的。

　　19. ground

　　熟义：n.地面

　　僻义：n.根据，依据(on the ground that…)

　　Rail roads justify⁹ rate discrimination against captive shippers on the

　　grounds that in the long run it reduces everyone's cost.

　　铁路公司对“被控”客户进行区别对待的依据是，从长远来看，这样做会降低所有人的成本。

　　20. lean

　　熟义：v.倚靠, 倾斜

　　僻义：adj.瘦的, 贫乏的, 歉收的

　　They all seem to look alike (though they come from all over)—lean, pointed¹⁰,

　　dedicated¹¹ faces, wearing jeans and sandals, eating their buns and bedding down

　　for the night on the flagstones outside the theatre.

　　消瘦、率直、专注的脸庞，穿着牛仔裤和便鞋，吃着小圆面包，在剧场外的石板上过夜。

　　21. anchor

　　熟义：n.锚

　　僻义：n.主持人，主播

　　Fast-foodeaters, news anchors, text messengers, all smiling, smiling.

　　快餐食客、新闻主播、发短信的人，都在笑啊笑啊。

　　22. chair

　　熟义：n.椅子

　　僻义：v./n.主持，主席

　　Former surgeon general C.Everett Koop chairs an Internet start-up in his

　　80s.

　　前卫生局医务主任C.Everett Koop 80来岁还出任了一个互联网公司的总裁。

　　23. nature

　　熟义：n.自然

　　僻义：n.天性，本质，本性(human nature 人性)

　　Thejury agreed that the nature of the game, not the helmet, was the reason

　　for the athlete's injury.

　　陪审团也认为造成该运动员受伤的是这项运动本身的危险性，而不是头盔。

　　24. spell

　　熟义：v.拼写

　　僻义：n.一段时间

　　Despite a spell of initial optimism in the 1960s and 1970s when it appeared

　　that transistor¹² circuits and microprocessors¹³ might be able to copy the action of

　　the human brain by the year 2010, researchers lately have begun to extend that

　　forecast by decades if not centuries.

　　虽然一开始在20世纪60年代和70年代有过一段乐观的时期——那时候仿佛晶体管电路和微处理器的发展将使他们在2010年能够模仿人类大脑的活动——但是最近研究人员已经开始将这个预测延后数十年，甚至数百年。

　　25. stress

　　熟义：n.压力

　　僻义：v.强调

　　While often praised by foreigners for its emphasis on the basics, Japanese

　　education tends to stress test taking and mechanical learning over creativity

　　and self-expression.

　　虽然日本的教育因强调基础知识而经常受到外国人的赞扬，但是它往往强调考试和机械学习，而不重视创造性和自我表现。

　　上述考生收集整理的托福阅读中常见的熟词僻意，希望考生在备考的时候能给予足够的重视，考生在备考托福考试的时候一定要注意总结归纳，这对考生成绩的提高很有帮助。

1 enlisted   

adj.应募入伍的v.（使）入伍， （使）参军( enlist的过去式和过去分词 )；获得（帮助或支持）

参考例句：

• enlisted men and women 男兵和女兵
• He enlisted with the air force to fight against the enemy. 他应募加入空军对敌作战。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》

2 militantly   

激进地，好斗地

参考例句：

• Militantly resentful of slavery, he joined the Union Army. 由于对奴隶制度极为不满，他加入了联邦军队。
• They have fought militantly through the two periods of underground work and of open activity. 从秘密时期到公开时期，贫农都在那里积极奋斗。

3 hostility   

n.敌对，敌意；抵制［pl.］交战，战争

参考例句：

• There is open hostility between the two leaders.两位领导人表现出公开的敌意。
• His hostility to your plan is well known.他对你的计划所持的敌意是众所周知的。

4 smokers   

吸烟者( smoker的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• Many smokers who are chemically addicted to nicotine cannot cut down easily. 许多有尼古丁瘾的抽烟人不容易把烟戒掉。
• Chain smokers don't care about the dangers of smoking. 烟鬼似乎不在乎吸烟带来的种种危害。

5 extinction   

n.熄灭，消亡，消灭，灭绝，绝种

参考例句：

• The plant is now in danger of extinction.这种植物现在有绝种的危险。
• The island's way of life is doomed to extinction.这个岛上的生活方式注定要消失。

6 diagnosis   

n.诊断，诊断结果，调查分析，判断

参考例句：

• His symptoms gave no obvious pointer to a possible diagnosis.他的症状无法作出明确的诊断。
• The engineer made a complete diagnosis of the bridge's collapse.工程师对桥的倒塌做一次彻底的调查分析。

7 spouse   

n.配偶(指夫或妻)

参考例句：

• Her spouse will come to see her on Sunday.她的丈夫星期天要来看她。
• What is the best way to keep your spouse happy in the marriage?在婚姻中保持配偶幸福的最好方法是什么？

8 revolved   

v.（使）旋转( revolve的过去式和过去分词 )；细想

参考例句：

• The fan revolved slowly. 电扇缓慢地转动着。
• The wheel revolved on its centre. 轮子绕中心转动。 来自《简明英汉词典》

9 justify   

vt.证明…正当(或有理)，为…辩护

参考例句：

• He tried to justify his absence with lame excuses.他想用站不住脚的借口为自己的缺席辩解。
• Can you justify your rude behavior to me?你能向我证明你的粗野行为是有道理的吗？

10 pointed   

adj.尖的，直截了当的

参考例句：

• He gave me a very sharp pointed pencil.他给我一支削得非常尖的铅笔。
• She wished to show Mrs.John Dashwood by this pointed invitation to her brother.她想通过对达茨伍德夫人提出直截了当的邀请向她的哥哥表示出来。

11 dedicated   

adj.一心一意的；献身的；热诚的

参考例句：

• He dedicated his life to the cause of education.他献身于教育事业。
• His whole energies are dedicated to improve the design.他的全部精力都放在改进这项设计上了。

12 transistor   

n.晶体管，晶体管收音机

参考例句：

• This make of transistor radio is small and beautifully designed.这半导体收音机小巧玲珑。
• Every transistor has at least three electrodes.每个晶体管至少有三个电极。

13 microprocessors   

微（信息）处理机( microprocessor的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• This sort of work would have been inconceivable before the advent of microprocessors. 在微处理机问世之前这种工作是难以想象的。
• In microprocessors, the name used for the IEEE interface bus standard. 微处理机中，IEEE接口总线标准的名字。