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托福独立写作中容易犯的十个错误

时间:2015-12-12 06:00来源:互联网 提供网友:mapleleaf   字体: [ ]
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 托福写作中常常会犯一些明显的错误。考生们要谨记,切不可掉以轻心。本文为大家收集整理托福写作考试中常易犯的十个错误,供大家参考。

  1、不一致(Disagreements)
  所谓不一致不光指主谓不一致,它还包括了数的不一致时态不一致及代词不一致等。
  例1. When one have money, he can do what he want to.(人一旦有了钱,他就能想干什么就干什么。)
  剖析:one是单数第三人称,因而本句的have应改为has;同理want应改为wants。本句是典型的主谓不一致。
  改为:Once one has money, he can do what he wants(to do).
  2、修饰语错位(Misplaced Modifiers)
  英语与汉语不同,同一个修饰语置于句子不同的位置,句子的含义可能引起变化。对于这一点中国学生往往没有引起足够的重视,因而造成了不必要的误解。
  例1. I believe I can do it well and I will better know the world outside the campus.
  剖析:better位置不当,应置于句末。
  3、句子不完整(Sentence Fragments)
  在口语中,交际双方可借助手势语气上下文等,不完整的句子完全可以被理解。可是书面语就不同了,句子结构不完整会令意思表达不清,这种情况常常发生在主句写完以后,笔者又想加些补充说明时发生。
  例1. There are many ways to know the society. For example by TV, radio, newspaper and so on.
  剖析:本句后半部分“for example by TV, radio, newspaper and so on.”不是一个完整的句子,仅为一些不连贯的词语,不能独立成句。
  改为:There are many ways to know society, for example, by TV, radio, and newspaper.
  4、悬垂修饰语(Dangling Modifiers)
  所谓悬垂修饰语是指句首的短语与后面句子的逻辑关系混乱不清。例如:At the age of ten,my grandfather died. 这句中“at the age of ten” 只点出十岁时,但没有说明“谁”十岁时。按一般推理不可能是my grandfather,如果我们把这个悬垂修饰语改明确一点,全句就不那么费解了。
  改为:When I was ten, my grandfather died.
  例1. To do well in college, good grades are essential.
  剖析:句中不定式短语“to do well in college”的逻辑主语不清楚。
  改为:To do well in college, a student needs good grades.
  5、词性误用(Misuse of Parts of Speech)
  “词性误用”常表现为:介词当动词用;形容词当副词用;名词当动词用等。
  例1. None can negative the importance of money.
  剖析:negative系形容词,误作动词。
  改为:None can deny the importance of money.
  6、指代不清(Ambiguous Reference1 of Pronouns)
  指代不清主要讲的是代词与被指代的人或物关系不清,或者先后所用的代词不一致。试看下面这一句:Mary was friendly to my sister because she wanted her to be her bridesmaid.(玛丽和我姐姐很要好,因为她要她做她的伴娘。)
  读完上面这一句话,读者无法明确地判断两位姑娘中谁将结婚,谁将当伴娘。如果我们把易于引起误解的代词的所指对象加以明确,意思就一目了然了。这个句子可改为:Mary was friendly to my sister because she wanted my sister to be her bridesmaid.
  例1. And we can also know the society by serving it yourself.
  剖析:句中人称代词we和反身代词yourself指代不一致。
  改为:We can also know society by serving it ourselves.
  7、不间断句子(Run-on Sentences)
  什么叫run-on sentence?请看下面的例句。
  例1. There are many ways we get to know the outside world.
  剖析:这个句子包含了两层完整的意思:“There are many ways.”以及“We get to know the outside world.”。简单地把它们连在一起就不妥当了。
  改为:There are many ways for us to learn about the outside world. 或 There are many ways through which we can become acquainted2 with the outside world.
  8、措词毛病(Troubles in Diction)
  Diction是指在特定的句子中如何适当地选用词语的问题,学生在写作中没有养成良好的推敲,斟酌的习惯。他们往往随心所欲,拿来就用。所以作文中用词不当的错误比比皆是。
  例1. The increasing use of chemical obstacles in agriculture also makes pollution.(农业方面化学物质使用的不断增加也造成了污染。)
  剖析:显然,考生把obstacles“障碍”“障碍物”误作substance“物质”了。另外“the increasing use(不断增加的使用)” 应改为“abusive use(滥用)”。
  改为:The abusive use of chemical substances in agriculture also causes/leads to pollution.
  9、累赘(Redundancy)
  言以简洁为贵。写句子没有一个多余的词;写段落没有一个无必要的句子。能用单词的不用词组;能用词组的不用从句或句子。如:In spite3 of the fact that he is lazy,I like him.
  本句的“the fact that he is lazy”系同谓语从句,我们按照上述“能用词组的不用从句”。
  可以改为:In spite of his laziness, I like him.
  例1. For the people who are diligent4 and kind, money is just the thing to be used to buy the thing they need.
  剖析:整个句子可以大大简化。
  改为:Diligent, caring people use money only to buy what they need.
  10、不连贯(Incoherence)
  不连贯是指一个句子前言不对后语,或是结构上不畅通。这也是考生常犯的毛病。
  例1. The fresh water, it is the most important things of the earth.
  剖析:The fresh water与逗号后的it不连贯。It与things在数方面不一致。
  改为:Fresh water is the most important thing in the world.

点击收听单词发音收听单词发音  

1 reference IACzU     
n.提到,说到,暗示,查看,查阅
参考例句:
  • We spent days going through all related reference material.我们花了好多天功夫查阅所有有关的参考资料。
  • I like to have my reference books within my reach.我喜欢把参考书放到伸手可取的地方。
2 acquainted Jfgy5     
adj.对某事物熟悉的,对 某人认识的
参考例句:
  • The students are already acquainted with the work of Shakespeare. 这些学生已经读过莎士比亚的著作。
  • I have heard about your friend but I'm not acquainted with him. 我听说过你的朋友,但同他不熟。
3 spite uv7wD     
n.(用于短语)虽然,不顾,尽管
参考例句:
  • He has modern ideas in spite of his great age.尽管他年事很高,但思想观念却很入时。
  • In spite of his anger,his remarks were restrained.他尽管生气,说的话还是有节制的。
4 diligent al6ze     
adj.勤勉的,勤奋的
参考例句:
  • He is the more diligent of the two boys.他是这两个男孩中较用功的一个。
  • She is diligent and keeps herself busy all the time.她真勤快,一会儿也不闲着。
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