2015年5月24日托福考试解析（一）

 　　2015年5月24日进行的托福考试有何新题型?各种托福题目难度如何?新东方在线联合宁波学校的老师们为大家准备了最新的托福考试内容和详解。

　　以下由新东方阅读名师--王晓妍老师，为大家带来阅读考试部分的真题回顾与解析，祝各位考生学习愉快!

　　本次考试重复了2014年3月15日的考试内容。

　　词汇题汇总：

　　Hence Implement¹ Particularly Scarce

　　Principally Controversial Induce Fuels

　　Tremendous

　　第一篇：讲的一种B动物(可以穿越树与树之间不掉下来)，在其他森林不怎么多，可是在美国的一个什么地方就很多。有3个theory ,但是每个都在段尾被反对，比如书很高，高度参差不齐，cane多，森林有毒的植物多。B动物必须(素食&肉食)爬山社会去其他森林找吃的。

　　相似TPO练习推荐：

　　TPO-28 Buck² Rubs and Buck Scrapes

　　TPO-15 A Warm-Blooded Turtle

　　第二篇： 美国如何改变耕地方式：文章具体描述了美国的土地侵蚀问题严重，导致了护林岸的威胁。为了解决这一问题，美国试图改革耕地方式，但后来又发现粮食的供应不够，出现新的问题。文中列举了一些实例，如东京等城市是如何处理这些问题的。

　　相似TPO练习推荐：

　　TPO-23 Seventeenth-Century Dutch Agriculture

　　相关知识背景：

　　The Dust Bowl, also known as the Dirty Thirties, was a period of severe dust storms that greatly damaged the ecology and agriculture of the US and Canadian prairies during the 1930s; severe drought and a failure to apply dryland farming methods to prevent wind erosion (the Aeolian processes) caused the phenomenon. The drought came in three waves, 1934, 1936, and 1939–40, but some regions of the high plains experienced drought conditions for as many as eight years. With insufficient³ understanding of the ecology of the plains, farmers had conducted extensive deep plowing⁴ of the virgin⁵ topsoil of the Great Plains during the previous decade; this had displaced the native, deep-rooted grasses that normally trapped soil and moisture even during periods of drought and high winds. The rapid mechanization of farm equipment, especially small gasoline tractors, and widespread use of the combine harvester contributed to farmers' decisions to convert arid⁶ grassland⁷ (much of which received no more than 10 inches (250 mm) of precipitation per year) to cultivated cropland.

　　第三篇： 海洋对于气候的影响。文章主要围绕的中心是大洋对于气候的影响，大体内容可以分为三个部分：

　　1. 气候模式是如何运作的，即ocean climate model的模式;

　　2. 某一种石灰石含有很多的一类气体，本来那种石头是可以吸收二氧化碳的，但是里面的气体释放出来会增加温室效应;

　　3. 海洋的释放出来的水蒸气会形成冰雪。

　　相似TPO练习推荐：

　　TPO-10 Variations in the Climate

　　TPO-23 Urban Climates

　　相关知识背景：

　　Ocean currents greatly affect Earth's climate by transferring heat from the tropics to the polar regions. Transferring warm or cold air and precipitation to coastal⁸ regions, winds may carry them inland. Surface heat and freshwater fluxes⁹ create global density¹⁰ gradients that drive the thermohaline circulation part of large-scale ocean circulation. It plays an important role in supplying heat to the polar regions, and thus in sea ice regulation. Changes in the thermohaline circulation are thought to have significant impacts on Earth's radiation budget. In so far as the thermohaline circulation governs the rate at which deep waters reach the surface, it may also significantly influence atmospheric¹¹ carbon dioxide concentrations.

　　For a discussion of the possibilities of changes to the thermohaline circulation under global warming, see shutdown of thermohaline circulation.

　　It is often stated that the thermohaline circulation is the primary reason that the climate of Western Europe is so temperate¹². An alternate hypothesis claims that this is largely incorrect, and that Europe is warm mostly because it lies downwind of an ocean basin, and because atmospheric waves bring warm air north from the subtropics.

　　The Antarctic Circumpolar Current encircles that continent, influencing the area's climate and connecting currents in several oceans.

　　One of the most dramatic forms of weather occurs over the oceans: tropical cyclones¹³ (also called "typhoons" and "hurricanes" depending upon where the system forms).

1 implement   

n.(pl.)工具，器具；vt.实行，实施，执行

参考例句：

• Don't undertake a project unless you can implement it.不要承担一项计划，除非你能完成这项计划。
• The best implement for digging a garden is a spade.在花园里挖土的最好工具是铁锹。

2 buck   

n.雄鹿，雄兔；v.马离地跳跃

参考例句：

• The boy bent curiously to the skeleton of the buck.这个男孩好奇地弯下身去看鹿的骸骨。
• The female deer attracts the buck with high-pitched sounds.雌鹿以尖声吸引雄鹿。

3 insufficient   

adj.(for，of)不足的，不够的

参考例句：

• There was insufficient evidence to convict him.没有足够证据给他定罪。
• In their day scientific knowledge was insufficient to settle the matter.在他们的时代，科学知识还不能足以解决这些问题。

4 plowing   

v.耕( plow的现在分词 )；犁耕；费力穿过

参考例句：

• "There are things more important now than plowing, Sugar. "如今有比耕种更重要的事情要做呀，宝贝儿。 来自飘（部分）
• Since his wife's death, he has been plowing a lonely furrow. 从他妻子死后，他一直过着孤独的生活。 来自辞典例句

5 virgin   

n.处女，未婚女子；adj.未经使用的；未经开发的

参考例句：

• Have you ever been to a virgin forest?你去过原始森林吗？
• There are vast expanses of virgin land in the remote regions.在边远地区有大片大片未开垦的土地。

6 arid   

adj.干旱的；(土地)贫瘠的

参考例句：

• These trees will shield off arid winds and protect the fields.这些树能挡住旱风,保护农田。
• There are serious problems of land degradation in some arid zones.在一些干旱地带存在严重的土地退化问题。

7 grassland   

n.牧场，草地，草原

参考例句：

• There is a reach of grassland in the distance.远处是连绵一片的草原。
• The snowstorm swept the vast expanse of grassland.暴风雪袭击了辽阔的草原。

8 coastal   

adj.海岸的，沿海的，沿岸的

参考例句：

• The ocean waves are slowly eating away the coastal rocks.大海的波浪慢慢地侵蚀着岸边的岩石。
• This country will fortify the coastal areas.该国将加强沿海地区的防御。

9 fluxes   

连续的改变( flux的名词复数 )； 不稳定的状态； 不停的变化； 通量

参考例句：

• In general, fluxes and forces may have different tensorial characters. 一般说来，力和通量可以具有不同的张量特征标。
• The parameterized eddy fluxes simulatedthe seasonal and latitudinal variations reasonably well. 模拟出涡动通量的空间分布和时间变化。

10 density   

n.密集，密度，浓度

参考例句：

• The population density of that country is 685 per square mile.那个国家的人口密度为每平方英里685人。
• The region has a very high population density.该地区的人口密度很高。

11 atmospheric   

adj.大气的，空气的；大气层的；大气所引起的

参考例句：

• Sea surface temperatures and atmospheric circulation are strongly coupled.海洋表面温度与大气环流是密切相关的。
• Clouds return radiant energy to the surface primarily via the atmospheric window.云主要通过大气窗区向地表辐射能量。

12 temperate   

adj.温和的，温带的，自我克制的，不过分的

参考例句：

• Asia extends across the frigid,temperate and tropical zones.亚洲地跨寒、温、热三带。
• Great Britain has a temperate climate.英国气候温和。

13 cyclones   

n.气旋( cyclone的名词复数 )；旋风；飓风；暴风

参考例句：

• The pricipal objective in designing cyclones is to create a vortex. 设计旋风除尘器的主要目的在于造成涡旋运动。 来自辞典例句
• Middle-latitude cyclones originate at the popar front. 中纬度地区的气旋发源于极锋。 来自辞典例句