托福阅读背景知识之“orthorexia nervosa完美食欲症”

 急于吃“健康食品”或者“干净食品”，一旦吃了自认为“不健康”的食品就心情沮丧、压力巨大，小心!你可能患上了完美食欲症(orthorexia nervosa)。

　　过度痴迷于所谓的健康食品，为了吃得健康而严格控制饮食和种类直到偏执的程度，从而使身体处于危险状况的症状，世界卫生组织把这种症状定义为健康食品痴迷症，也称为完美食欲症或健康食品强迫症。数据显示，目前全球大约有28%的人口患上了这新的饮食失调症。

　　The "clean eating movement" has taken the world by storm in recent years.

　　近些年，“饮食健康运动”风靡全球。

　　Magazines, fitness blogs and Instagram are filled with people posing with their green smoothies, kale salads and sugar-free desserts.

　　杂志、健身博客和图片分享应用Instagram上到处都是人们分享绿色果沙、甘蓝沙拉、和无糖甜点的照片。

　　While healthy lifestyle changes should be applauded, people have become increasingly neurotic¹ about what they put on their plates, some experts say.

　　而专家提醒称，尽管我们应该称赞人们向健康生活方式的转变，但人们对健康食品的执着越来越神经质了。

　　The desire to eat more healthily can veer² into an obsession³, with rising numbers of people - mainly women in their 30s - suffering from orthorexia nervosa.

　　“吃得更健康”，这一愿望可能会发展成强迫症。越来越多的人们患上“完美食欲症”，尤以30多岁的女性居多。

　　Orthorexics spend vast amounts of their time planning their food, resisting temptation, applauding themselves when they stick to their diet.

　　“完美食欲症”患者花大量时间计划吃什么，抵制诱惑，如果能坚持住饮食计划就会肯定自己。

　　In its severe form, orthorexia can lead to weight loss, malnutrition⁴ and even death, experts warn.

　　专家警告称，如果症状严重，“完美食欲症”会导致体重下降、营养不良，甚至死亡。

　　Sufferers typically cut out entire food groups – often in the mistaken belief they are unhealthy or their bodies are intolerant to them – thereby⁵ depriving themselves of essential nutrition and vitamins.

　　“完美食欲症”患者经常会选择放弃整类食物---错误地认为这类食物不健康，或者自己的身体不耐受，因此身体就会缺乏必须的营养和维生素。

　　At the same time many over-exercise, leaving themselves weak or even emaciated⁶.

　　同时很多人还过度锻炼，把自己搞的虚弱又憔悴。

　　This can leave them with low energy levels, nutritional⁷ deficiencies which can lead to depression and anxiety.

　　由此引发的身体低能量、营养不良又会导致抑郁和焦虑。

　　Often, their obsession with food will stop them socialising with friends, as social event revolve⁸ around drinking and eating.

　　他们对食物的执着还会影响社交，因为聚会场合总免不了吃吃喝喝。

　　你有“完美食欲症”吗?做个小测验吧!

　　Do you spend more than 3 hours a day thinking about your diet?

　　每天花3小时规划饮食?

　　Do you plan your meals several days ahead?

　　提前几天列食谱?

　　Is the nutritional value of your meal more important than the pleasure of eating it?

　　膳食的营养价值比吃东西带来的愉悦更重要?

　　Has the quality of your life decreased as the quality of your diet has increased?

　　随着饮食质量的提升，感到生活质量下降?

　　Have you become stricter with yourself lately?

　　最近对自己更严格?

　　Does your self-esteem get a boost from eating healthily?

　　吃得健康会提升自尊?

　　Have you given up foods you used to enjoy in order to eat the 'right' foods

　　为了吃健康食品，放弃了你曾喜欢吃的食品?

　　Does your diet make it difficult for you to eat out, distancing you from family and friends? 因为吃健康食品，无法外出就餐，疏远了亲友?

　　Do you feel guilty when you stray from your diet?

　　没吃健康食品时有罪恶感?

　　Do you feel at peace with yourself and in total control when you eat healthily?

　　吃得健康能使自己情绪稳定，掌控有方?

　　测试结果：

　　Yes to 4 or 5 of the above questions means it is time to relax more about food.

　　4-5个问题回答“是”：该在饮食上放松放松了。

　　Yes to all of them means a full-blown obsession with eating healthy food.

　　全部回答“是”：彻底的“完美食欲症”!

1 neurotic   

adj.神经病的，神经过敏的；n.神经过敏者，神经病患者

参考例句：

• Nothing is more distracting than a neurotic boss. 没有什么比神经过敏的老板更恼人的了。
• There are also unpleasant brain effects such as anxiety and neurotic behaviour.也会对大脑产生不良影响，如焦虑和神经质的行为。

2 veer   

vt.转向，顺时针转，改变；n.转向

参考例句：

• He is unlikely to veer from his boss's strongly held views.他不可能背离他老板的强硬立场。
• If you fall asleep while driving,you'll probably veer off the road.假如你开车时打瞌睡，可能会驶离道路。

3 obsession   

n.困扰，无法摆脱的思想(或情感)

参考例句：

• I was suffering from obsession that my career would be ended.那时的我陷入了我的事业有可能就此终止的困扰当中。
• She would try to forget her obsession with Christopher.她会努力忘记对克里斯托弗的迷恋。

4 malnutrition   

n.营养不良

参考例句：

• In Africa, there are a lot of children suffering from severe malnutrition.在非洲有大批严重营养不良的孩子。
• It is a classic case of malnutrition. 这是营养不良的典型病例。

5 thereby   

adv.因此，从而

参考例句：

• I have never been to that city,,ereby I don't know much about it.我从未去过那座城市，因此对它不怎么熟悉。
• He became a British citizen,thereby gaining the right to vote.他成了英国公民，因而得到了投票权。

6 emaciated   

adj.衰弱的，消瘦的

参考例句：

• A long time illness made him sallow and emaciated.长期患病使他面黄肌瘦。
• In the light of a single candle,she can see his emaciated face.借着烛光，她能看到他的被憔悴的面孔。

7 nutritional   

adj.营养的，滋养的

参考例句：

• A diet lacking in nutritional value will not keep a person healthy.缺乏营养价值的饮食不能维持人的健康。
• The labels on food products give a lot of information about their nutritional content.食品上的标签提供很多关于营养成分的信息。

8 revolve   

vi.(使)旋转；循环出现

参考例句：

• The planets revolve around the sun.行星绕着太阳运转。
• The wheels began to revolve slowly.车轮开始慢慢转动。