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(单词翻译:双击或拖选)
口语部分
Task 1
How was it when you went to school for the first time? Did you like it or not and why?
范例
I can tell you that the feelings are mixed, but I like it. First, there is this of sense of familiarity. Actually my parents were all teachers and I’ve been living there for several years before I started my kindergarten life. So everything was just normal for me, I don’t even have to adapt to it, I mean, the campus was quite familiar to me, the teachers were acquaintances of me and I’ve had loads of experiences of being in classes, of course not attending classes, just being there, don’t get me wrong. And then, there were these kinds of excitement, the feeling of getting text books of your own, being surrounded by a bunch of unfamiliar1 kids that were of the same age, and maybe also kind of funny, you know, looking at those teachers whom I knew of from quite young addressing from the podium.
Task 2
Some people prefer to work independently, others prefer to work with others. Which do you prefer? Explain your answer in details.
范例
Some would argue that group work would expose us to different kinds of perspectives and thus help to spark some genuine thoughts out of us, but that’s often not the case, in fact, it blocks production, simply put, we could not talk all at once, and as a result, some ideas and some people won’t get heard, and there is ego2 threat, people who are afraid of looking stupid or foolish would get could feet, so they hold back on their most genuine ideas, and then, conformity3, every group member wants to jump on the majority bandwagon as oppose to bringing in some radical4, different ways of thinking, if one or two ideas tend to be popular than others. In short, working with others startles authenticities and smothers5 originalities. Therefore, I am in favor of working alone.
Task 3
Reading：Student letter
学生建议通过2种方式鼓励更多的人读校报
1.降低校报的价格。
2.提升服务，比如把报纸送到宿舍里面去。
Listening：The woman disagrees
1:现在校报已经很便宜了，才45美分一份，而且报纸上的图片是很有质量的，所以值那个钱。
2:学校人手不够，如果提供递送服务要雇佣更多的员工，会花费更多。
范例
The woman is not in favor of those two ways that are been proposed in the student letter in regard of encouraging more students to read school newspaper.
As for the point about lowering the price of the newspaper to draw a larger subscription6, she argues that right now the newspaper is already a bargain with its price at 45 cents, and those pictures on the paper, they are of high quality, so the price they are charging is legitimate7.
Plus, for providing better services like dispatching newspapers to dormitories, she points out that the university lacks staffers, if dispatching service were added, they would have to hire more employees, which means higher costs for the university.
That’s why she doesn’t think those two ways are feasible.
Task 4
Reading: Cyclic population change
不同物种相互作用，捕食者和被捕食者的数量会变化，这种变化会形成一种循环，物种的数量上升或者下降最终回到开始时的水平，周而复始。
Listening：
狼和老鼠，老鼠是prey8，狼是predator9。如果把他们之间数量相互印象的repeating cycle看成不同的阶段。第一个阶段，老鼠多狼少，狼的食物很充足，就会活的更久，更健康，有机会来繁殖和喂养狼崽。第二个阶段，当狼的数量越来越多， 被吃的老鼠也越来越多，老鼠的数量会降低，狼因为食物减少没有足够的可以吃，没有充足的食物喂养狼崽，数量也会下降，因此老鼠的数量又开始上升，然后就到 达了跟第一个阶段类似的第三阶段，狼的数量少，老鼠的数量多，这个循环就一直持续。
范例
Cyclic population change is a phenomenon where the interaction between species will form a repeating cycle in which population numbers of predator and prey increase and decrease then eventually return to their original size.
For example, wolf is predator and mice is prey, it would be good for us to look at how the populations of these two species affect each other in phases, in the first phase, say we have a lot of mice and only a few wolves, wolves have a large food supply, so they can live longer and healthier, reproduce and feed their pups, then wolves population will grow, and when it comes to the point where there are more wolves to eat the mice, the mouse population starts to decline, and this is phase two, wolves would have a hard time to survive, let alone feed their young, so the wolves population begins to shrink, therefore fewer mouse would get eaten, so that their population will amass10, and we would reach the third phase, that is abundant mice and not many wolves, equivalent to phase one, right where we started.
Task 5
Problem：明天电影课上会放最后一场电影，这是这个女生最喜欢的电影，准备用这场电影写论文，但是明天约好了要去看医生。
Solution 1：课后租电影看。
Disadvantage：错过课上的讨论及教授的见解，这些对她的论文很有帮助。
Solution 2写之前课上放过的电影。
Disadvantage 对其他电影没兴趣，会影响论文质量。
范例
The last movie that’s gonna be shown in tomorrow’s film class is the woman’s favorite and she is planning to write a paper about it, however she has an appointment with the doctor at the same time. She could either rent a copy of the movie to watch it later, or write her paper about one of those films shown before.
I would go for the first option.
Missing the class doesn’t necessarily mean that she would miss out all those discussions and the professor’s perspective that might be essential for her paper, actually, with various digital gadgets11 available nowadays, she could simply ask her classmates to film the whole class session with a film recorder for her later paper-writing use. What’s more, it’s kind of torture to write about something you are not found of, you wouldn’t be as motivated, inspirations would be escaping from you, procrastination12 would be inflicted13, and eventually costing her score of the paper.
Task 6
Business class：Two parts of a contingency14 plan
当一些公司遇到不可预知的一些事情的时候，那些事情会对他们的公司造成损失，所以他们会有应急预案，预案包含两部分：
1. How to continue
e.g.滑雪场有一年下雪特别少，没法滑，那么就应该买machine造人工雪。
2. How to communicate to public
e.g.给他们发邮件说滑雪场说今年雪量少，可能不会让你们玩的很尽兴，所以当顾客来的时候就不会报多大的希望，觉得滑雪场会有多好。
范例
Usually companies would have some contingency plans in place to deal with unexpected incidents that are gonna cause some damages for them. And a contingency plan usually contains two parts.
The first part is how to continue, that is to say, a company would work out a plan to deal with the contingency directly to minimize the impact. For instance, if a ski area is suffering a lack of snowfall in a particular year that would render the resort unable to use, the company would resolve the problem by purchasing some snow cannons15 to supplement the natural snow with artificial ones, thus avoid being shut down and lose a lot of money.
Another part is how to communicate to the public. The same company might send out emails to their potential customers to notify them that they are experiencing snowfall shortage this year, and as a result, they might not be having a great time than they expected, so by lowering their customers’ expectations, the company wouldn’t be expecting as much complaints, and thus bear less or even no damage from the snowfall shortage.
综合写作
这次综合写作的话题属于科技类话题
总论点：飞机的第一个发明者是不是Whitehead
阅读部分：1. 对于第一架飞机的印象是来自于画像(photo reports)，画像都不够真实，且不靠谱;
2. 由于设计的一个轮子的一个wing不能飞离地面，第一架飞机飞不起来
3. 飞机的引擎engine不够好用。
听力部分：1. 由于过去的科技(打印技术)不够发达，没有摄影，只能靠画像来纪录物品，而且飞机的飞的速度快，没有拍到;同时，他总在早上测试飞机，比较暗。所以WH这个人发明的飞机是真的
2. 第一架飞机是可以飞起来的，因为有科学家已经用模型做了几次试验了，能飞的很成功，并且完全都是按照设计图设计的。
3. 不是Whitehead的问题，因为那时候的科技不够发达，aircraft builder对设计不够了解。有人会去买Whitehead就说明他的设计没问题。引擎其实是很好用的。
注意写作时每一点中的矛盾聚焦点所在
独立写作
Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? It is often not a good idea to move to a new city or a new country because you will lose old friends.
这是一道常考试题。写作构思，该题目为“二选一”类话题(亦可以划为“利弊类”)，即任何可以用“yes”或“no”来回答的话题大多属于这一类写作范畴。该类型话题可以按照“一边倒”或者“让步式”写作结构进行构思：
“一边倒”即“开头段-正方理由1-正方理由2-正方理由3-结尾段”;
“让步式”即“开头段-正方理由1-正方理由2-正方缺点/反方优点-结尾段”.两种写作方法均可，更推荐“让步段”写作方式，凸显思维的全面性。
正式写作前可以分别列出其优缺点
Advantages:
1. become more independent
2. more opportunities to know new friends and establish new relationship
3. to have chance to experience new life style
Drawbacks:
1. may lose contact with old friends
2. may encounter urgent problems, without help of old friends.
范文赏析
Currently, this fast changing world has witnessed great changes in people’s living style: an increasing number of people tend to move to a new city or a new country in the pursuit of their own goals. Although moving to a brand new city would make one feel strange and at loss, its advantages far outweigh16 its drawbacks. Therefore, it is inappropriate to overstate the relationship between the place and friends.
Moreover, moving into a new city or a country has offered us a lot of advantages. New places can widen our horizons and visions, for we are exposed to a different living environment and culture background. With all the things different, we can enjoy different customs, meet the local people, learn a new dialect or foreign language and experience a fresh atmosphere. We can truly feel the real scenery and the first-handed information by strolling around the new place, which would definitely be a different experience by watching it on TV. Thus, new place can bring us new lifestyle and experience.
Finally, we can also meet and make new friends with different backgrounds in the new place. We can still share our sorrows and happiness with these new friends as we do with our old friends. Different experiences would surely enrich our life there. Besides, it is rather interesting and colorful to make so many different kinds of friends.
In a word, distance cannot set bosom17 friends apart because of the new technologies. Therefore, the merits of moving to another city are far outweighing18 its drawbacks.
点击
收听单词发音
收听单词发音 |
1
unfamiliar
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| adj.陌生的，不熟悉的 | |
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ego
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| n.自我，自己，自尊 | |
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conformity
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| n.一致，遵从，顺从 | |
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radical
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| n.激进份子，原子团，根号；adj.根本的，激进的，彻底的 | |
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5
smothers
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| （使）窒息， （使）透不过气( smother的第三人称单数 )； 覆盖； 忍住； 抑制 | |
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subscription
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| n.预订，预订费，亲笔签名，调配法，下标（处方） | |
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7
legitimate
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| adj.合法的，合理的，合乎逻辑的；v.使合法 | |
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8
prey
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| n.被掠食者，牺牲者，掠食；v.捕食，掠夺，折磨 | |
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predator
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| n.捕食其它动物的动物；捕食者 | |
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10
amass
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| vt.积累，积聚 | |
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11
gadgets
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| n.小机械，小器具（ gadget的名词复数 ） | |
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12
procrastination
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| n.拖延，耽搁 | |
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13
inflicted
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| 把…强加给，使承受，遭受( inflict的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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14
contingency
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| n.意外事件，可能性 | |
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15
cannons
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| n.加农炮，大炮，火炮( cannon的名词复数 ) | |
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16
outweigh
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| vt.比...更重，...更重要 | |
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17
bosom
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| n.胸，胸部；胸怀；内心；adj.亲密的 | |
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18
outweighing
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| v.在重量上超过( outweigh的现在分词 )；在重要性或价值方面超过 | |
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