托福阅读备考之长难句分析

 　　世界本没有长难句，修饰成分多了，便有了长难句。

　　阅读速度大部分来于短时间内理解长难句的能力。

　　大家在看长难句的时候，多思考，一个句子为什么这么长，常见的修饰成分到底有哪些？其实不多，连词、非谓语动词、介词以及同位语或插入语，上过课的同学懂得。

　　大家别急，把一句一句弄明白，弄懂一个句子胜过模糊看懂十个句子。希望大家认真看我的分析。

　　今天我们来看这样一个句子：

　　It is not surprising, therefore, that the highest ratio of oil and gas pools to volume of sediment¹ is found in rock no older than 2.5 million years—young enough so that little of the petroleum² has leaked away—and that nearly 60 percent of all oil and gas discovered so far has been found in strata³ that formed in the last 65 million years. (TPO43, 65)

　　大家自己先读，不回读，看一遍是否能理解

　　分析：

　　It is not surprising,therefore, (that the highest ratio of oil and gas pools to volume of sediment is found in rock no older than 2.5 million years)—young enough so that little of the petroleum has leaked away—and (that nearly 60 percent of all oil and gas discovered so far has been found in strata that formed in the last 65 million years). (TPO43, 65)

　　这个句子的结构：

　　It is not surprising that 从句 and that 从句

　　主要就是两个从句，然后中间有一个破折号隔开

　　修饰一：(that the highest ratio of oil and gas pools to volume of sediment is found in rock no older than 2.5 million years)，从句

　　中文：油藏和气藏的数量与沉积物总量的比率最高出现在年龄不超过250万年的岩石中

　　修饰二：(that nearly 60 percent of all oil and gas discovered so far has been found in strata that formed in the last 65million years)，从句

　　大家注意，能不能来理解这个从句中的discovered？先想想看。

　　其实，这个句子中还有一个非谓语动词修饰成分，that nearly 60 percent of all oil and gas (discoveredso far) has been found in strata that formed in the last 65 million years

　　中文：约60%的石油和天然气都被发现在过去650万年形成的岩层中

　　参考翻译：

　　因此，毫无意外，油藏和气藏的数量与沉积物总量的比率最高出现在年龄不超过250万年的岩石中——岩石还很新，以至于很少的石油泄露——而目前为止发现的约60%的石油和天然气都被发现在过去650万年形成的岩层中。

　　这个句子的主要修饰成分就是从句和非谓语动词，大家务必想清楚，每一个修饰成分修饰的是什么，才能看清楚这个句子的结构。

　　看明白之后，别只看一遍，给我看几十遍！！没事就拿出来欣赏欣赏，直到你想吐为止。

　　读书百遍，其义自现，阅读最强技巧的就是阅读。

1 sediment   

n.沉淀，沉渣，沉积(物)

参考例句：

• The sediment settled and the water was clear.杂质沉淀后，水变清了。
• Sediment begins to choke the channel's opening.沉积物开始淤塞河道口。

2 petroleum   

n.原油，石油

参考例句：

• The Government of Iran advanced the price of petroleum last week.上星期伊朗政府提高了石油价格。
• The purpose of oil refinery is to refine crude petroleum.炼油厂的主要工作是提炼原油。

3 strata   

n.地层（复数）；社会阶层

参考例句：

• The older strata gradually disintegrate.较老的岩层渐渐风化。
• They represent all social strata.他们代表各个社会阶层。