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托福优秀习作所需要求

时间:2017-01-22 04:25来源:互联网 提供网友:mapleleaf   字体: [ ]
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    (单词翻译:双击或拖选)

   优秀的托福作文包含四个要素:

  1 完整性:句子结构完整,意义完整;
  2 连贯性:句子各部分之间以及句子之间的关系紧密、协调,前后意思连贯,思想表达清楚有序;
  3 简洁性:言简意赅;
  4 多样性:包括词汇多样性和句子多样性。
  以上四要素中,前三个要素是前提和基础,比较容易做到;多样性是对前三个要素的升华,是作文闪光点的核心和关键所在。
  词汇多样性:
  词汇贫乏是中国学生英语作文的通病。整篇作文一个词用到底,从不作任何变化:一遇到“改变/变化”就是change,“影响”就是effect,“流行”就是popular,“认为”就是think;每逢“因为”就是because,“意识到”就是realize,“想到”就是think of,等等。其实英语词汇很丰富的,同一个意思可以由很多不同的方式表达,如:
  改变:change,modify,alter,shift,transform,convert
  变化:change,vary,convert,fluctuate,oscillate
  保护:protect,conserve,safeguard
  保存:save,preserve,conserve,keep,store
  影响:effect,influence,impact,infection
  流行:popular,prevalent, prevailing,current,common,universal
  认为:think,believe,hold,argue,maintain,deem,opine,reckon,figure
  意识到:realize,be aware of/that,be awake to,understand,it/sth. dawns on sb.
  想到:think of,come up with,occur to/strike sb.,come to,remind,suggest
  看作:regard …as…,look on/consider/view/see/take…as…
  应该:should,ought to,it is/would be better,it is advisable to
  因为:because,since,as,for,because of,owing to,thanks to,due to,as a result of,in virtue1 of,on account of,with,from,at,of
  关于:about,on,with regard to,as regards,concerning,relating to
  因此:so,therefore,thus,accordingly,consequently,hence,thereby
  然而:however,nevertheless,nonetheless,whereas,though,still,yet
  另外:moreover,in addition,besides,furthermore,one more thing
  不同:different,difference,differ,vary from…to…,conflicting,diverse,diversified,various,a variety of
  吸引人的:attractive,appealing,taking,inviting,tempting,fascinating,charming,alluring, glamorous2, absorbing, enticing3
  句子多样性:
  单调的句式和结构、长度相近的句子使作文呆板单调,缺乏生动性和说服力;而灵活多变的句子样式和结构则使作文语言生动,自然流畅,丰富多彩。具体包括以下几个方面:
  长短句变换:简单句、并列句和复合句交替运用。长句准确生动,长于说明推理;短句简洁明快,意义明确,印象深刻,描述动作,表明主旨,总结归纳,非短句不可。既然各有所长,在写作时应根据实际需要,交替使用简单句、并列句和复合句,以达到“段间长短不一,全篇句式万千”、丰富多样的效果,给读者以及阅卷老师以永恒的新鲜感。
  结构多样化:我们学过非谓语动词结构(包括不定式结构和分词结构)、无动词结构、分隔结构、比较结构、独立结构、with复合结构、特殊否定结构、it结构、平行结构、强调结构、倒装结构,等等。其中最为神通广大的是非谓语动词结构,在句中或作主语、宾语,或作表语、宾语补足语,或作定语修饰名词,或作状语表示条件、原因、让步、时间、方式、目的、结果、伴随状况等,不一而足。
  非谓语动词结构可以简化大部分英语从句,产生语言简练、结构丰富多样的效果,请看下列转化实例:
  名词从句可转化为非谓语动词结构
  1. That John won the marathon surprised us.
  John’s winning the Marathon surprised us.
  2. I have not decided4 whether I should vote for Clint.
  I have not decided whether to vote for Clint.
  定语从句可转化为非谓语动词结构
  1. The man (who is) standing5 at the gate is my English teacher.
  2. The car (that was) repaired yesterday by him is my mother’s.
  3. The next train that arrives is from New York.
  状语从句可转化为非谓语动词结构
  1. After he had watered the garden, he began to mow6 the lawn.
  Having watered the garden, he began to mow the lawn.
  2. When they are heated metals expand.
  (When) Heated, metals expand.
  3. Because I do not know what to do next, I want to ask for your advice.
  Not knowing what to do next, I want to ask for your advice.
  4. I spoke7 slowly and clearly in order that the audience could understand me.
  …in order for the audience to understand me.
  5. If we are united, we stand; if we are divided, we fail.
  United, we stand; divided, we fail.
  6. Though he has lived in Canada for tree years, he still cannot speak English well.
  Having lived in Canada for three years, he still cannot speak English well.
  以上就是为大家整理的托福写作提分方法,面面俱到,希望考生们能够借鉴,在平时的训练练习中,要掌握丰富多样的词汇和句型变换技巧,总结出写作规律,这样才能在托福写作中大放异彩。预祝大家都能取得好成绩。

点击收听单词发音收听单词发音  

1 virtue BpqyH     
n.德行,美德;贞操;优点;功效,效力
参考例句:
  • He was considered to be a paragon of virtue.他被认为是品德尽善尽美的典范。
  • You need to decorate your mind with virtue.你应该用德行美化心灵。
2 glamorous ezZyZ     
adj.富有魅力的;美丽动人的;令人向往的
参考例句:
  • The south coast is less glamorous but full of clean and attractive hotels.南海岸魅力稍逊,但却有很多干净漂亮的宾馆。
  • It is hard work and not a glamorous job as portrayed by the media.这是份苦差,并非像媒体描绘的那般令人向往。
3 enticing ctkzkh     
adj.迷人的;诱人的
参考例句:
  • The offer was too enticing to refuse. 这提议太有诱惑力,使人难以拒绝。
  • Her neck was short but rounded and her arms plump and enticing. 她的脖子短,但浑圆可爱;两臂丰腴,也很动人。
4 decided lvqzZd     
adj.决定了的,坚决的;明显的,明确的
参考例句:
  • This gave them a decided advantage over their opponents.这使他们比对手具有明显的优势。
  • There is a decided difference between British and Chinese way of greeting.英国人和中国人打招呼的方式有很明显的区别。
5 standing 2hCzgo     
n.持续,地位;adj.永久的,不动的,直立的,不流动的
参考例句:
  • After the earthquake only a few houses were left standing.地震过后只有几幢房屋还立着。
  • They're standing out against any change in the law.他们坚决反对对法律做任何修改。
6 mow c6SzC     
v.割(草、麦等),扫射,皱眉;n.草堆,谷物堆
参考例句:
  • He hired a man to mow the lawn.他雇人割草。
  • We shall have to mow down the tall grass in the big field.我们得把大田里的高草割掉。
7 spoke XryyC     
n.(车轮的)辐条;轮辐;破坏某人的计划;阻挠某人的行动 v.讲,谈(speak的过去式);说;演说;从某种观点来说
参考例句:
  • They sourced the spoke nuts from our company.他们的轮辐螺帽是从我们公司获得的。
  • The spokes of a wheel are the bars that connect the outer ring to the centre.辐条是轮子上连接外圈与中心的条棒。
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