警惕语法陷阱:托福口语考试中的“隐形杀手”

 　　托福口语考试中的“隐形杀手”

　　可能有很多同学认为托福考试只有在阅读和写作中会考语法，其实托福口语一样会考察语法知识。而且托福口语考试对语法的考察难度更大，因为考生在答题时是没有时间考虑语法规则的使用的，要把对语法的使用变成一种潜意识的“习惯”。很多考生考完语法后自我感觉良好，可是拿到成绩单后却大跌眼镜，殊不知都是这些隐形的杀手在作怪。

　　杀手一号：主谓一致

　　以下是学生课上答题的答案，大家能看出来这个同学的答案哪里错了?

　　Imagine that a guy drive along the high way where have a lot of billboards² advertising³ cars. One billboard¹ advertise a car called panther. This guy drive by, but he don’t notice that. If you ask him later to name an animal that start with letter “P”. Instead of saying pig, he say panther. He have no conscious memory about the billboard, but the billboard had an effect on him.

　　正确答案是：

　　Imagine that a guy? driveS along the high way where ?HAS a lot of billboards advertising cars. One billboard? advertiseS a car called panther. This guy ④driveS by, but he⑤ DOESN’T notice that. If you ask him later to name an animal that ⑥startS with letter “P”. Instead of saying pig, he ⑦sayS panther. He ⑧ HAS no conscious memory about the billboard, but the billboard had an effect on him.

　　错误原因：

　　主语是第三人称时，谓语还是原型，并没有变形。其实，除了主语是第三人称时谓语要做第三人称单数的变形，当主语是名词性从句，动词不定式，和动名词时，谓语也要用第三人称单数。

　　杀手二号：时态一致

　　过去时的使用是时态使用中较为简单的一种。可是，要做到在答题时需要使用过去时的时候都记得要使用过去时却没那么容易。同学在答题时会把注意力集中到语言的组织上，无暇顾及时态，所以常常会出现时态的混用。请大家看看下面这位同学的答案有什么问题：

　　I went out to a movie yesterday, and I watch Smurfs 2. After the movie, I had dinner with friends.

　　这个同学描述的是昨天做的事情。前面记得用过去时，说着说着，变成了一般现在时，到最后又变回了过去时。

　　正确答案：

　　I went out to a movie yesterday, and I watchED Smurfs 2. After the movie, I had dinner with friends.

　　杀手三号：人称一致

　　人称一致问题是同学在答托福Task5的时候惯犯的一个错误。Task5是学生困难和解决题，一男一女进行对话。对话中一个同学叙述自己遇到的问题，另外一个同学提出解决方案，题目要求是复述学生的困难和解决方案等。学生答题时一会儿用she,一会儿用he, 无法自拔。我们来看看下面这个同学是怎么答题的：

　　In the conversation, the man has a problem that he forgot his paper home, but today is the due date. He has two options. First, she can drive back to get his paper. If he hurries, she can come back before the class is over. Second, he can e-mail the paper to her professor later, but .................

　　这篇对话描述的是一个男生同学遇到的问题以及他可能选择的解决方案有哪些。可是这位答题的同学开头用的是he, 后面就不断的蹦出了she.

　　为什么会出现这种现象呢?在汉语中不管是“他”还是“她”，发音是一样的。我们从来不会说“男他”，“女她”。导致我们在说英语(精品课)的时候总是把he,she混淆。

　　正确答案：

　　In the conversation, the man has a problem that he forgot his paper home, but today is the due date. He has two options. First, he can drive back to get his paper. If he hurries, he can come back before the class is over. Second, he can e-mail the paper to his professor later, but .................

　　杀手四号：名词复数

　　在托福口语答题中使用到可数名词时要么前面加“the”表特指，要么前面加“a”表个别，要么后面加“s”表一群。可同学答题时往往把可数名词孤零零放在那儿，什么也不加。我们看看下面这个同学是怎么答题的：

　　Pronghorn live in North America. They run super fast. Why do they run fast? Long time ago, lion lived in North America, chase and prey⁴ pronghorns. Lion are faster than other predators⁶ today. Now, lion are extinct. They are no longer predator⁵ for pronghorn. But back then, pronghorns’ speed was critical to their survival.

　　答案中所加下划线的部分都是可数名词，后面都要加“s”.

　　正确答案：

　　Pronghorns live in North America. They run super fast. Why do they run fast? Long time ago, lions lived in North America, chase and prey pronghorns. Lions are faster than other predators today. Now, lions are extinct. They are no longer predators for pronghorn. But back then, pronghorns’ speed was critical to their survival.

1 billboard   

n.布告板，揭示栏，广告牌

参考例句：

• He ploughed his energies into his father's billboard business.他把精力投入到父亲的广告牌业务中。
• Billboard spreads will be simpler and more eye-catching.广告牌广告会比较简单且更引人注目。

2 billboards   

n.广告牌( billboard的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• Large billboards have disfigured the scenery. 大型告示板已破坏了景色。 来自辞典例句
• Then, put the logo in magazines and on billboards without telling anyone what it means. 接着我们把这个商标刊在杂志和广告看板上，却不跟任何人透漏它的涵意。 来自常春藤生活英语杂志-2006年4月号

3 advertising   

n.广告业；广告活动 a.广告的；广告业务的

参考例句：

• Can you give me any advice on getting into advertising? 你能指点我如何涉足广告业吗?
• The advertising campaign is aimed primarily at young people. 这个广告宣传运动主要是针对年轻人的。

4 prey   

n.被掠食者，牺牲者，掠食；v.捕食，掠夺，折磨

参考例句：

• Stronger animals prey on weaker ones.弱肉强食。
• The lion was hunting for its prey.狮子在寻找猎物。

5 predator   

n.捕食其它动物的动物；捕食者

参考例句：

• The final part of this chapter was devoted to a brief summary of predator species.本章最后部分简要总结了食肉动物。
• Komodo dragon is the largest living lizard and a fearsome predator.科摩多龙是目前存在的最大蜥蜴，它是一种令人恐惧的捕食性动物。

6 predators   

n.食肉动物( predator的名词复数 )；奴役他人者（尤指在财务或性关系方面）

参考例句：

• birds and their earthbound predators 鸟和地面上捕食它们的动物
• The eyes of predators are highly sensitive to the slightest movement. 捕食性动物的眼睛能感觉到最细小的动静。 来自《简明英汉词典》