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(单词翻译:双击或拖选)
Sports Commentary
One of the most interesting and distinctive1 of all uses of language is commentary. An oral reporting of ongoing2 activity, commentary is used in such public arenas3 as political ceremonies, parades, funerals, fashion shows and cooking demonstrations4. The most frequently occurring type of commentary may be that connected with sports and games. In sports there are two kinds of commentary, and both are often used for the same sporting event. “play-by-play” commentary narrates5 the sports event, while “color –adding” or “color” commentary provides the audience with pre-event background, during-event interpretation6, and post-event evaluation7. Color commentary is usually conversational8 in style and can be a dialogue with two or more commentators10.
Play-by-play commentary is of interest to linguists12 because it is unlike other kinds of narrative13, which are typically reported in past tense. Play-by-play commentary is reported in present tense. Some examples are “he takes the lead by four” and “she’s in position.” One linguist11 characterizes radio play-by-play commentary as “a monologue14 directed at an unknown, unseen mass audience who voluntarily choose to listen…and provide no feedback to the speaker.” It is these characteristics that make this kind of commentary unlike any other type of speech situation.
The chief feature of play-by-play commentary is a highly formulaic style of presentation. There is distinctive grammar not only in the use of the present tense but also in the omission15 of certain elements of sentence structure. For example “Smith in close” eliminates the verb, as some newspaper headlines do. Another example is inverted16 word order, as in “over at third is Johnson.” Play-by-play commentary is very fluent, keeping up with the pace of the action. The rate is steady and there is little silence. The structure of the commentary is cyclical, reflecting the way most games consist of recurring17 sequences of short activities---as in tennis and baseball---or a limited number of activity options---as in the various kinds of football. In racing18, the structure is even simpler, with the commentator9 informing the listener of the varying order of the competitors in a “state of play” summary, which is crucial for listeners or viewers who have just tuned19 in.
1.Which of the following statements is true of color commentary?
A.It narrates the action of the event in real time, using the present tense.
B.It is a monologue given to an audience that does not respond to the speaker.
C.It is steady and fluent because it must keep up with the action of the event.
D.It gives background on the event, and interprets and evaluates the event.
答案:
1. D
2.Why does the author quote a linguist in paragraph 2?
A.To describe the uniqueness of radio play-by-play
B.To show how technical sports commentary is
C.To give examples of play-by-play commentary
D.To criticize past trends in sports commentary
答案:
2. A
3.It can be inferred from the passage that the author most likely agrees with which of the following statements about sports commentary?
A.Color commentary is more important than play-by-play commentary
B.Sports commentators do not need special knowledge of the sport.
D.Sports commentators should work hard to improve their grammar.
答案:
3.C
点击收听单词发音
1 distinctive | |
adj.特别的,有特色的,与众不同的 | |
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2 ongoing | |
adj.进行中的,前进的 | |
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3 arenas | |
表演场地( arena的名词复数 ); 竞技场; 活动或斗争的场所或场面; 圆形运动场 | |
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4 demonstrations | |
证明( demonstration的名词复数 ); 表明; 表达; 游行示威 | |
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5 narrates | |
v.故事( narrate的第三人称单数 ) | |
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6 interpretation | |
n.解释,说明,描述;艺术处理 | |
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7 evaluation | |
n.估价,评价;赋值 | |
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8 conversational | |
adj.对话的,会话的 | |
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9 commentator | |
n.注释者,解说者;实况广播评论员 | |
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10 commentators | |
n.评论员( commentator的名词复数 );时事评论员;注释者;实况广播员 | |
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11 linguist | |
n.语言学家;精通数种外国语言者 | |
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12 linguists | |
n.通晓数国语言的人( linguist的名词复数 );语言学家 | |
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13 narrative | |
n.叙述,故事;adj.叙事的,故事体的 | |
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14 monologue | |
n.长篇大论,(戏剧等中的)独白 | |
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15 omission | |
n.省略,删节;遗漏或省略的事物,冗长 | |
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16 inverted | |
adj.反向的,倒转的v.使倒置,使反转( invert的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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17 recurring | |
adj.往复的,再次发生的 | |
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18 racing | |
n.竞赛,赛马;adj.竞赛用的,赛马用的 | |
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19 tuned | |
adj.调谐的,已调谐的v.调音( tune的过去式和过去分词 );调整;(给收音机、电视等)调谐;使协调 | |
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20 enjoyment | |
n.乐趣;享有;享用 | |
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