Goodbye是啥的缩写？5个闻所未闻的缩写词

 　　We’re all familiar with contractions². Plenty are signalled by an apostrophe and others don’t hide their origins with any notable ingenuity³ – such as I’m, you’re, they’ll etc. But some everyday words have dispensed⁴ with markers of their shortenings, to the extent that you may well not have realized that they ever started as anything else.

　　我们对缩写并不陌生，很多以撇号表明缩略，有些则无新意可言，直接可看出其来源，如I’m, you’re, they’ll （"我是、你是、他们是"）等。但有些日常词汇已不用缩略标记，你很有可能都意识不到这些词最初以别样的形式存在。

　　Goodbye是啥的缩写？5个闻所未闻的缩写词

　　don and doff⁵

　　穿戴

　　Saying that you’ll don your coat or doff your hat might be a little old-fashioned, but you’ll probably still recognize them as meaning ‘put on’ and ‘take off’. What you might not have realized is that the words were originally contractions of essentially⁶ those definitions: do on and do off.

　　说“你要don your coat或是doff your hat”不免略显老套，但你应该仍能辨识出其“穿上”和“脱下”的意思。或许你还没反应过来，这词本质上是do on（“穿”）和do off（“脱”）这两大定义的缩写。

　　goodbye

　　再见

　　Everybody knows what goodbye means, but its origins may not have been detected: it’s a contraction¹ of God be with you, with good substituted on the pattern of phrases such as good morning. Similar derivations exist across Europe for terms such as adios and adieu.

　　每个人都知道“goodbye” 的意思，但这个词的来源或许还无人探究。它是“God be with you（上帝与你同在）”的缩约形式，套用“good morning”这样的短语形式，换上good。欧洲俯首皆是诸如此类的词源，如adios和adieu这样的字眼。

　　willy-nilly

　　愿意也好，不愿也罢

　　Now used as an adverb meaning ‘without direction or planning’ (‘politicians expanded spending programmes willy-nilly’, for instance), the word is a contraction of the phrase will I, nill I (or will he, nill he etc.). This means ‘be I willing, be I unwilling’, ‘whether one likes it or not’ is still a current use of the term. An example of the original form can be found in Hamlet: ‘Here lies the water; good: here stands the man; good; if the man go to this water, and drown himself, it is, will he, nill he, he goes.’

　　现用作副词，意为“无方向、无规划”（例如，"政治家们漫无目的地扩大支出方案"。）这个词是短句will I, nill I 或（will he, nill he 等）的缩写，意为“我愿意也好，不愿也罢”、“管它喜不喜欢”，这层意思现在仍常用。这词最初的形式可以在《哈姆雷特》中找到范例：“Here lies the water; good: here stands the man; good; if the man go to this water, and drown himself, it is, will he, nill he, he goes.（此处有水，好；此处有人，好；若此人到水边溺亡，事已至此，不论是否出于自愿。）”

　　daisy

　　雏菊

　　This very literally⁷ common or garden flower opens in the morning and closes at night, and this – along with its sunny appearance – earned the flower its Old English name d?ges ēage, ‘day’s eye’. Later, this contracted into the word daisy. If you’re feeling more formal, you can call it theBellis perennis.

　　这一实则再寻常不过的园林花卉早晨开放，夜晚闭合，其阳光和煦的外形为其赢得古英语中d?ges ēage, ‘day’s eye（白天的眼睛）’的名字，后来，便缩约为daisy。如要正式点，可以称之为Bellis perennis（学名，太阳菊）。

　　husky

　　哈士奇犬

　　While husky as an adjective (typically used to describe somebody’s voice) has uncertain origins, when husky refers to the dog, things are a little clearer. The word is from the mid-19th century and originally denoting the Inuit language or an Inuit person (then termed Eskimo, which is now considered offensive): husky is an abbreviation of obsolete⁸ Ehuskemay or Newfoundland dialect Huskemaw.

　　尽管husky作为形容词用法的来源不详（通常用以描述人的声音)，husky用以指代狗的时候，其来源则相对清晰明了。这一词源自19世纪中期，最初指代因纽特语或因纽特人（后来被称作Eskimo，现在这么称呼已不礼貌）。husky是Ehuskemay的缩写，（该词现已不用），也有说是纽芬兰方言里Huskemaw一词的缩写。

1 contraction   

n.缩略词，缩写式，害病

参考例句：

• The contraction of this muscle raises the lower arm.肌肉的收缩使前臂抬起。
• The forces of expansion are balanced by forces of contraction.扩张力和收缩力相互平衡。

2 contractions   

n.收缩( contraction的名词复数 )；缩减；缩略词；（分娩时）子宫收缩

参考例句：

• Contractions are much more common in speech than in writing. 缩略词在口语里比在书写中常见得多。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• Muscle contractions are powered by the chemical adenosine triphosphate(ATP ). 肌肉收缩是由化学物质三磷酸腺苷(ATP)提供动力的。 来自辞典例句

3 ingenuity   

n.别出心裁；善于发明创造

参考例句：

• The boy showed ingenuity in making toys.那个小男孩做玩具很有创造力。
• I admire your ingenuity and perseverance.我钦佩你的别出心裁和毅力。

4 dispensed   

v.分配( dispense的过去式和过去分词 )；施与；配（药）

参考例句：

• Not a single one of these conditions can be dispensed with. 这些条件缺一不可。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》
• They dispensed new clothes to the children in the orphanage. 他们把新衣服发给孤儿院的小孩们。 来自《现代英汉综合大词典》

5 doff   

v.脱，丢弃，废除

参考例句：

• The peasants doff their hats.农民脱下了他们的帽子。
• When he received me informally,he doffed the uniform of state and always wore a long chinese coat.当他非正式接见我的时候，他不穿礼服而总是穿中国长袍。

6 essentially   

adv.本质上，实质上，基本上

参考例句：

• Really great men are essentially modest.真正的伟人大都很谦虚。
• She is an essentially selfish person.她本质上是个自私自利的人。

7 literally   

adv.照字面意义，逐字地；确实

参考例句：

• He translated the passage literally.他逐字逐句地翻译这段文字。
• Sometimes she would not sit down till she was literally faint.有时候，她不走到真正要昏厥了，决不肯坐下来。

8 obsolete   

adj.已废弃的，过时的

参考例句：

• These goods are obsolete and will not fetch much on the market.这些货品过时了，在市场上卖不了高价。
• They tried to hammer obsolete ideas into the young people's heads.他们竭力把陈旧思想灌输给青年。