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语法精讲:"before"用法

时间:2016-03-31 13:55来源:互联网 提供网友:mapleleaf   字体: [ ]
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    (单词翻译:双击或拖选)

 高三课本第十五单元,INTER GATING SKILLS 和 WORKBOOK READING部分有如下的句子:

  ⒈The shop was successful,but it was about sixty years before people started to buy jeans for fashion as well as for work.
  ⒉However,it probably will not be long before the other mountainous1 areas of China such as Sichuan,Xinjiang and Yunnan are developed,and as more facilities become available,prices will almost certainly fall.
  其中涉及到before的用法,下面就其用法进行总结。
  一、可以用作介词
  ⒈)指时间上早于,在……之前,如:
  She has lived here since before the war.
  她从战前就一直在这儿住。
  ⒉)指位置在前面,如:
  We knelt2 down before Grandma's grave3.
  我们在奶奶的墓前跪下。
  ⒊)指顺序或排列在之前,如:
  Your name comes before mine on the list.
  名单上你的名字在我之前。
  ⒋)在某人面前,如:
  She said it before the witness4.
  他是当着证人的面说的。
  二、作为连词
  其基本含义是“在……之前”,又可以根据不同语境灵活翻译成“才”、“还没来得及就……”、“趁……”、“就”等。具体用法如下:
  ⒈)与情态动词can/could连用
  这时候从句虽为肯定形式,根据汉语表达习惯译成“还没来得及就”,如:
  Before I could get in a word,he had measured me.
  我还没来得及插话他就为我量好了尺寸。
  Before she could move,she heard a loud noise,which grew to a terribl eroar.
  她还没来得及迈步,就听见一声巨响,接着就是可怕的隆隆轰鸣。
  ⒉)用于肯定句中强调主句所表达的时间,距离长,或花费的精力大,译成“才”
  We had sailed four days and four nights before we saw lands.
  我们航行了四天四夜才看到陆地。
  We waited a long time before the train arrived.
  我们等了很长时间火车才到。
  ⒊)用于否定句中,强调主句所表达的时间,距离短,或花费的精力小,译成“不到……就”如:
  We hadn't run a mile before he felt tired.
  我们跑了还不到一英里他就累了。
  ⒋)主句含有hardly,scarcely5等半否定副词时可以译为“刚……就”
  这时候主句应用过去完成时态,从句用过去时,还可以用when替代before如:
  We had scarcely reached the school before/when the bell rang.
  我们刚到学校铃声就响了。
  ⒌)有时还有“宁愿”的意思
  I'd shoot myself before I apologized to him.我宁死也不向他道歉。
  ⒍)用于It+be/take+时间段+before句型
  在这一句型中又可以根据主从句的时态分成两种情况。
  若主句是一般时将来时态,从句是一般现在时.若主句是肯定句意思是“要过多长时间才”;若主句是否定形式翻译成“用不了多久就”。
  It will be two weeks before everything returns to normal.
  两周之后一切才能恢复正常。
  It will be many years before the situation improves.
  这种状况或许要过许多年才能得以改善。
  It won't be long before we meet again.用不了多久我们就会再见面的。
  这时若主句是一般过去时从句也是一般过去时。若主句是肯定句翻译成“多长时间之后才”,若主句是否定形式翻译成“没过多久就”。如:
  It was some time before I realized the truth.
  过了很长一段时间我才了解到真相。
  It wasn't long before she became a brave solider.
  没过多久她就成了一名勇敢的战士。
  After that it still took seven years before they got married.
  他们又过了七年才结婚。
  注意:当主句的谓语动词为延续性动词时,before与until有时可以互换。It was an hour before/until the police arrived.
  ■巩固练习
  ⒈(2004天津)It was evening ________ we reached the little town of Winchester.
  Athat B.until C.since D.before
  2.(2004全国)Several weeks had gone by ________ realized the painting was missing6.
  A.as B.before C.since D.when
  3.(2005广东)The America Civil War lasted four years ______ the North won in the end.
  A.after B.before C.when D.then
  4.(2005山东)It was some time _______ we realized the truth.
  A.when B.until C.since D.before
  5.(2006四川)-Why didn't you tell him about the meeting?
  -He rushed out of the classroom _______ I could say a word.
  A.before B.until C.when D.after
  6.(2006福建)-How long do you think it will be __ china sends a manned spaceship to the moon?
  -Perhaps two or three years.
  Awhen B.until C.that D.before
  参考答案:DBBDAD

点击收听单词发音收听单词发音  

1 mountainous c1AyD     
adj.多山的,如山的,巨大的
参考例句:
  • A mountainous country is one in which there are many mountains.山国是多山的国家。
  • The Antarctic is a mountainous area.南极洲是一个多山的地区。
2 knelt knelt     
v.跪( kneel的过去式和过去分词 );(kneel的过去式与过去分词)
参考例句:
  • They knelt down and prayed. 他们跪下来祷告。
  • She knelt in supplication. 她跪地祷求。
3 grave EeCz3     
n.墓穴,坟墓,雕刻工,抑音;adj.庄重的,严肃的,重大的,低沉的;vt.雕刻
参考例句:
  • Marriage is the grave of love.婚姻是爱情的坟墓。
  • This is a very grave matter indeed.这问题的确非常严重。
4 witness Nfgwm     
n.证人,目击者,证据,证明,证词;vt.目击,作证,证明,表明,经历;vi.作证人
参考例句:
  • She was a witness of the incident.她是事件的目击者。
  • A witness was examined by him in a court of law.他在法庭上质问一个证人。
5 scarcely Vj6zJq     
adv.几乎不,简直没有,勉强
参考例句:
  • He found the dullness of his work scarcely bearable.他觉得他的工作枯燥乏味,简直无法忍受。
  • She scarcely earns enough money to make ends meet.她几乎挣不到足够的钱以维持开支。
6 missing 3nTzx7     
adj.遗失的,缺少的,失踪的
参考例句:
  • Check the tools and see if anything is missing.检点一下工具,看有无丢失。
  • All the others are here;he's the only one missing.别人都来了,就短他一个。
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