诺贝尔奖有几个奖项

 　　Nobel Literature Prize / Nobel Prize in literature 诺贝尔文学奖

　　The Nobel Prize in literature has been awarded annually¹ to an author from any country who has, in the words from the will of Alfred Nobel, produced "in the field of literature the most outstanding work in an ideal direction".

　　The Swedish Academy decides who, if anyone, will receive the prize in any given year.

　　根据创立者的遗嘱，诺贝尔文学奖金授予“最近一年来”“在文学方面创作出具有理想倾向的最佳作品的人”。1900年经国王批准的基本章程中改为“近年来创作的”或“近年来才显示出其意义的”作品，“文学作品”的概念扩展为“具有文学价值的作品”，即包括历史和哲学著作。

　　Nobel Peace Prize 诺贝尔和平奖

　　According to Nobel's will, the Peace Prize should be awarded to the person who “ ...shall have done the most or the best work for fraternity between nations, for the abolition³ or reduction of standing² armies and for the holding and promotion⁴ of peace congresses”.

　　奖给为促进民族团结友好、取消或裁减常备军队以及为和平会议的组织和宣传尽到最大努力或作出最大贡献的人。不过该奖项也可以授予符合获奖条件的机构与组织。

　　Nobel Physics Prize / Nobel Prize in physics 诺贝尔物理学奖

　　This award is administered by the Nobel Foundation and widely regarded as the most prestigious⁵ award that a scientist can receive in physics.

　　奖给在物理界有最重大的发现或发明的人，由瑞典皇家自然科学院颁发奖金。

　　Nobel Chemistry Prize / Nobel Prize in chemistry 诺贝尔化学奖

　　The award is presented in Stockholm at an annual ceremony on December 10, the anniversary of Nobel's death.

　　奖给在化学上有最重大的发现或改进的人。该奖项于每年的12月10日——诺贝尔的逝世周年纪念日颁发。

　　Nobel Prize in physiology⁶ or medicine诺贝尔生理学或医学奖

　　This prize is awarded once a year for outstanding contributions in the medical field.

　　奖给在医学和生理学界有最重大的发现的人。

　　Nobel Economics Prize 诺贝尔经济学奖

　　Sveriges Riksbank celebrated⁷ its 300th anniversary in 1968 by donating a large sum of money to the Nobel Foundation. The following year, the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences was awarded for the first time.

　　诺贝尔经济学奖并非诺贝尔遗嘱中提到的五大奖励领域之一，是由瑞典银行在1968年为纪念诺贝尔而增设的，全称应为“纪念阿尔弗雷德-诺贝尔瑞典银行经济学奖”。

1 annually   

adv.一年一次，每年

参考例句：

• Many migratory birds visit this lake annually.许多候鸟每年到这个湖上作短期逗留。
• They celebrate their wedding anniversary annually.他们每年庆祝一番结婚纪念日。

2 standing   

n.持续，地位；adj.永久的，不动的，直立的，不流动的

参考例句：

• After the earthquake only a few houses were left standing.地震过后只有几幢房屋还立着。
• They're standing out against any change in the law.他们坚决反对对法律做任何修改。

3 abolition   

n.废除，取消

参考例句：

• They declared for the abolition of slavery.他们声明赞成废除奴隶制度。
• The abolition of the monarchy was part of their price.废除君主制是他们的其中一部分条件。

4 promotion   

n.提升，晋级；促销，宣传

参考例句：

• The teacher conferred with the principal about Dick's promotion.教师与校长商谈了迪克的升级问题。
• The clerk was given a promotion and an increase in salary.那个职员升了级，加了薪。

5 prestigious   

adj.有威望的，有声望的，受尊敬的

参考例句：

• The young man graduated from a prestigious university.这个年轻人毕业于一所名牌大学。
• You may even join a prestigious magazine as a contributing editor.甚至可能会加入一个知名杂志做编辑。

6 physiology   

n.生理学，生理机能

参考例句：

• He bought a book about physiology.他买了一本生理学方面的书。
• He was awarded the Nobel Prize for achievements in physiology.他因生理学方面的建树而被授予诺贝尔奖。

7 celebrated   

adj.有名的，声誉卓著的

参考例句：

• He was soon one of the most celebrated young painters in England.不久他就成了英格兰最负盛名的年轻画家之一。
• The celebrated violinist was mobbed by the audience.观众团团围住了这位著名的小提琴演奏家。