经典卡通片背后你所不知道的秘密

 　　Not to ruin your happy childhood memories, but cartoons may not be so innocent as they appear to be.

　　尽管我们不想毁了你那快乐的童年记忆，但这些卡通片似乎并非看起来那样的天真无邪。

　　The Smurfs 《蓝精灵》

　　There is a place where neighbors are always willing to lend a hand, where everyone lives without money and employs their individual skills for others.

　　有这样一个地方，邻里之间总是乐于互相帮助，每个人都不需要金钱过活且都用自己的一技之长来为他人服务。

　　But before you start checking out property prices in the area, you need to know that the neighbors are all blue and they live in mushroom-like houses.

　　但在你开始查看该地的房价前，你要知道，这里所有人都住在蘑菇型的房子里，他们有着蓝色的皮肤。

　　Smurf society has been seen by many as a metaphor¹ for communism which emphasizes co-operation and the common good.

　　很多人认为，蓝精灵的社会是共产主义的象征，强调合作和共同利益的重要性。

　　But could The Smurfs really offer a model for good society? Probably not.

　　但《蓝精灵》这部动画片真的能树立一个美好社会的模范吗?或许并非如此。

　　The cartoon is now under fire for being sexist–out of 105 Smurfs there are only three females. Smurfette, who debuted² in a 1966 Smurfs comic book strip, was the only woman in the village until Sassette and Nanny Smurf were introduced in 1981.

　　如今，这部卡通片因强调男权主义，而受到抨击——片中105位蓝精灵中只有3位女性。在1966年首次出版的同名连环画中，蓝妹妹是唯一的女性，1981年才出现了另外两个女性蓝精灵——蓝小妹和蓝奶奶。

　　Willem de Graeve, director of the Belgian Comic Strip Center in Brussels, explains that The Smurfs, created in 1958 by the Belgian artist Pierre Culliford, is influenced by the Catholic Church of 1950s Belgium.

　　位于布鲁塞尔的比利时漫画中心的总监维勒姆?狄镐夫解释道，比利时艺术家皮埃尔?库利福德在1958年创作蓝精灵漫画时受到了上世纪50年代比利时天主教的影响。

　　“That was a totally different era, when there was a very strong separation of genders³ in Belgium. It was not the done thing to show boys and girls having adventures together,” Graeve told the BBC News.

　　狄镐夫在接受BBC记者采访时透露：“那是一个特别的年代，当时的比利时男女有别。男女一起去探险是不符合传统的行为。”

　　Winnie The Pooh 《小熊维尼》

　　It’s hard to believe, but Canadian researchers find that Winnie The Pooh and his forest friends in the Hundred Acre Wood are actually suffering serious mental disorders⁵.

　　尽管这令人难以置信，但加拿大研究人员的确发现生活在百亩森林里的小熊维尼和他的丛林伙伴们都患有严重的精神疾病。

　　Winnie The Pooh: Eating Disorder⁴. His constant quest for food and the discarded honey pots all around his house are evidence of his disorder.

　　小熊维尼患有饮食紊乱症症。他对食物无止境的渴望及他小屋周围那些废弃的蜂蜜罐就是他患病的证据。

　　Rabbit: Obsessive⁶ Compulsive Disorder. Rabbit is always worried about how things look and goes back and forward to make sure things are in order. He’s obsessed⁷ with how the carrots are arranged and with keeping his house in order.

　　瑞比患有强迫症。瑞比总是担心周遭事情的进展，常常跑前跑后确保胡萝卜园内所有事情都井井有条。他总是一门心思地打理自己的胡萝卜园，以及收拾房间。

　　Tigger: Attention Deficit⁸ Hyperactivity Disorder. Tigger can’t sit still. He is always bouncing from one thing to the other. He is always distracted, and has no conscience. For example, he messes up Rabbit’s garden and could not care less.

　　跳跳虎患有多动症。跳跳虎无法安静地坐下来。他做事总是跳来跳去，不能专心而且恬不知耻。比如，他常常把瑞比的胡萝卜园弄得乱七八糟却毫不在乎。

　　Piglet: General Anxiety Disorder. He is always scared and anxious about everything, which is apparent in the way his ears twitch⁹.

　　小猪患有焦虑症。他总是担心害怕周遭的一切，这点从他耳朵抽动的方式上就看得出来。

　　Nearly 5 million American children and adolescents suffer from a serious mental disorder, according to the US Surgeon General.

　　一份美国卫生总署发布的调查报告显示，有大约5百万的美国儿童和青少年患有严重的精神疾病。

　　Tom and Jerry 《猫和老鼠》

　　Do you remember the heavy-set middle-aged¹⁰ black maid Mammy Two Shoes in Tom and Jerry, whose life consists of cleaning up around the house and threatening to throw Tom out?

　　你还记得《猫和老鼠》中那个中年黑人胖女佣“两只鞋太太”吗?她的生活就是整日收拾房间并威胁汤姆要把他扔出去。

　　Well, she is one of the reasons why the classic cartoon is criticized for being racist¹¹.

　　而正是这位黑人女佣使得这部经典卡通片被批具有种族歧视观念。

　　Also, there are scenes featuring Tom or Jerry with their faces blacked up, a style of entertainment based on racist Black stereotypes¹² in the 1940s.

　　此外，在很多场景中汤姆或杰瑞都以满脸黑乎乎的形象出现，在20世纪40年代，这是基于种族歧视对于黑人的成见而衍生出的一种娱乐方式。

　　For example, to impress a female cat, Tom grabs Jerry and blows cigar smoke in his face, giving Jerry a black face.

　　比如，为了吸引母猫的注意，汤姆就会抓住杰瑞并抽一口雪茄然后将烟雾吐在他脸上，弄得杰瑞满脸黑乎乎的。

　　And every time Tom gets blown up with dynamite¹³ his face is shown with red or orange lips and a black face.

　　每次被炸药炸到，汤姆展现的形象就是黑黑的脸上露出红色或橘黄色的嘴唇。

　　Some scenes featuring black faces were later edited out, and the character of Mammy Two Shoes got a complete makeover–she was changed into a Caucasian woman.

　　现在，一些带有黑色面孔的场景在后期制作中被删掉了，两只鞋太太一角已经完成了大变身，被换成了一位白人女性。

1 metaphor   

n.隐喻，暗喻

参考例句：

• Using metaphor,we say that computers have senses and a memory.打个比方，我们可以说计算机有感觉和记忆力。
• In poetry the rose is often a metaphor for love.玫瑰在诗中通常作为爱的象征。

2 debuted   

初次表演，初次登台（debut的过去式与过去分词形式）

参考例句：

• In late 2003 a full-size SUV, the Pathfinder Armada, debuted. 2003年末，全尺寸SUV的探路者无敌舰队，推出。
• The album debuted at number two and quickly went platinum. 专辑一亮相就荣登排行榜第二名，很快就取得了白金销量。

3 genders   

n.性某些语言的（阳性、阴性和中性，不同的性有不同的词尾等）( gender的名词复数 )；性别；某些语言的（名词、代词和形容词）性的区分

参考例句：

• There are three genders in German: masculine, feminine and neuter. 德语中有叁性：阳性、阴性和中性。 来自辞典例句
• Japan was fourth among the genders of foreign students. 日本在二十个留美学生输送地中列第四位。 来自互联网

4 disorder   

n.紊乱，混乱；骚动，骚乱；疾病，失调

参考例句：

• When returning back,he discovered the room to be in disorder.回家后，他发现屋子里乱七八糟。
• It contained a vast number of letters in great disorder.里面七零八落地装着许多信件。

5 disorders   

n.混乱( disorder的名词复数 )；凌乱；骚乱；（身心、机能）失调

参考例句：

• Reports of anorexia and other eating disorders are on the increase. 据报告，厌食症和其他饮食方面的功能紊乱发生率正在不断增长。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• The announcement led to violent civil disorders. 这项宣布引起剧烈的骚乱。 来自《简明英汉词典》

6 obsessive   

adj. 着迷的, 强迫性的, 分神的

参考例句：

• Some people are obsessive about cleanliness.有些人有洁癖。
• He's becoming more and more obsessive about punctuality.他对守时要求越来越过分了。

7 obsessed   

adj.心神不宁的,鬼迷心窍的,沉迷的

参考例句：

• He's obsessed by computers. 他迷上了电脑。
• The fear of death obsessed him throughout his old life. 他晚年一直受着死亡恐惧的困扰。

8 deficit   

n.亏空，亏损；赤字，逆差

参考例句：

• The directors have reported a deficit of 2.5 million dollars.董事们报告赤字为250万美元。
• We have a great deficit this year.我们今年有很大亏损。

9 twitch   

v.急拉，抽动，痉挛，抽搐；n.扯，阵痛，痉挛

参考例句：

• The smell made my dog's nose twitch.那股气味使我的狗的鼻子抽动着。
• I felt a twitch at my sleeve.我觉得有人扯了一下我的袖子。

10 middle-aged   

adj.中年的

参考例句：

• I noticed two middle-aged passengers.我注意到两个中年乘客。
• The new skin balm was welcome by middle-aged women.这种新护肤香膏受到了中年妇女的欢迎。

11 racist   

n.种族主义者，种族主义分子

参考例句：

• a series of racist attacks 一连串的种族袭击行为
• His speech presented racist ideas under the guise of nationalism. 他的讲话以民族主义为幌子宣扬种族主义思想。

12 stereotypes   

n.老套，模式化的见解，有老一套固定想法的人( stereotype的名词复数 )v.把…模式化，使成陈规( stereotype的第三人称单数 )

参考例句：

• Such jokes tend to reinforce racial stereotypes. 这样的笑话容易渲染种族偏见。
• It makes me sick to read over such stereotypes devoid of content. 这种空洞无物的八股调，我看了就讨厌。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》

13 dynamite   

n./vt.(用)炸药(爆破)

参考例句：

• The workmen detonated the dynamite.工人们把炸药引爆了。
• The philosopher was still political dynamite.那位哲学家仍旧是政治上的爆炸性人物。