美国20元纸币将印上黑人女性头像

 An American teenager has sparked a war of words after her tweets about ‘weird’ British customs went viral.

　　一位美国青少年在推特上发贴列举“怪异”的英国习俗，被大肆转发，点燃了一场网络口水大战。

　　High school student Madi, 16, found herself at the centre of a backlash after she launched into a Twittertirade on Monday, and now angry Brits have fought back with a #WeirdThingsAmericansDo hashtag detailing their gripes about their neighbours across the pond. And they certainly pulled no punches, criticising everything from their coffee to the way they pronounce 'aluminium¹'.

　　16岁的高中生玛蒂星期一在推特上发了一篇激愤的长贴，随后就发现自己成了大家攻击的焦点。现在愤怒的英国人已经反击，用推特标签“#美国人的怪异行为”尽数自己对大洋彼岸邻居的种种怨言。他们自然会展开不遗余力的痛批，从美国人的咖啡到“aluminium”(铝)的美式发音。

　　 英美文化撕逼战

　　Many tweeted her directly, using her Twitter handle @touradidas. Nerys Watkin-Mayer asked: 'why do Americans not pronounce the H in Herbs?' and Janine Lowthian wrote: 'why don't you place a question mark at the end of all your questions?' Another wrote: 'ordering a large Coke even although you have free refills…' While Harry² Hardy³ blasted that Americans don't 'get that they are one of the only countries that do things like they do.

　　许多人直接用她的推特用户名@touradidas给她发消息。内莉斯·沃特金-梅耶问道：“为什么美国人在读Herbs(草药)这个词时H不发音?”另一位推特用户写道：“尽管美国人知道可以免费续杯，但还是会点大杯可乐……”而哈利·哈代则叫嚣美国人“不知道他们是全世界唯一这样做事的国家。”

　　英美文化撕逼战

　　Aaron Carl Jones accused Americans of insisting 'that the ENGLISH way of speaking the ENGLISH language is wrong,' while a fellow Tweeter called out their use of Fahrenheit⁴ rather than Celsius⁵.One called out their use of brown paper shopping bags, while another pondered their use of the word 'soccer' for football.

　　艾伦·卡尔·琼斯指责美国人坚持认为“英语的英式发音是错的”，还有一位推特用户喊话“美国人竟然用华氏温度，不用摄氏温度。”有人嘲笑他们用棕色纸袋作购物袋，还有人抨击他们用“soccer”(英式足球)这个词来指代football(美国俚语中指橄榄球)。

African-American abolitionist and humanitarian⁷ Harriet Tubman, who led hundreds of slaves to freedom, will replace Andrew Jackson on the $20 bill.

　　非洲裔美国女性哈里特·塔布曼将出现在新的20元纸币上，代替安德鲁·杰克逊总统。

双语：美国20元纸币将印上黑人女性头像

　　U.S. Treasury⁹ Secretary Jack⁸ Lew confirmed Wednesday that Tubman will be the first African-American featured on U.S. currency, and the first woman on paper currency in more than 100 years. He did not indicate when the new bill would be in circulation.

　　美国财政部长雅各布·卢星期三宣布，塔布曼将成为第一位头像印在在美国货币上的非洲裔美国人，她也是100多年来首位出现在美国纸币上的女性。

　　Lew originally announced his intention to put a woman on the $10 bill last June, but has since faced pressure from various groups and individuals to rethink the $20.

　　非洲裔美国女性哈里特·塔布曼因带领数百名奴隶通向自由而受到赞誉。她的头像将替代前总统安德鲁·杰克逊的头像被印在美国新的20元纸币上。

　　Andrew Jackson, the former president featured on the $20 bill, was responsible for the Indian Removal Act of 1830, which started what was known as the Trail of Tears — a forced migration¹⁰ on which thousands of Native Americans died.

　　目前20元纸币上印着的是前总统杰克逊的头像。杰克逊总统蓄奴，而他签署的1830年印第安人迁移法导致印第安人被迫开始西迁的“血泪之路”，他们中的数千人在这个过程中死亡。

　　Tubman grew up a slave in Maryland. Born Araminta Ross in 1822, most historians believe she was taken from her parents and put to work when she was barely 6 years old. A brutal¹¹ beating at the age of 12 caused her to suffer from seizures¹² the rest of her life. She was a devout¹³ Christian¹⁴ and experienced visions and vivid dreams, which she ascribed to premonitions from God.

　　As a young woman, she married John Tubman. She escaped with the help of a whiteneighbor, who gave her the names of people who would hide her during her travels north.

　　Harriet Tubman returned to Maryland for members of her family and other slaves, making the trip about 20 times to lead more people to freedom. They traveled at night along backroads and waterways, and historians say Tubman would pull a gun on anyone who threatened to back out.

　　But Tubman will not be the only woman pictured on U.S. paper currency.

　　The $10 bill will be redesigned and released in 2020. The first U.S. treasury secretary, Alexander Hamilton, will remain on the front, but the back will include members of the women's suffrage¹⁵ movement, treasury officials said.

　　The back of the $5 note will have an image of singer Marian Anderson and former first lady Eleanor Roosevelt.

　　Who was Harriet Tubman?

　　Born: In Maryland in 1822; was named Araminta Harriet Ross.

　　出生：1822年生于马里兰州，名字为阿拉明塔·哈里特·罗斯

　　Marriage: In 1844, she married a free black man named John Tubman.

　　婚姻：1844年，与自由黑人约翰·塔布曼结婚

　　Escape: Accounts suggest at the age of 27, Tubman met an agent with the Underground Railroad, who helped her escape to freedom in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania in 1849.

　　逃亡：资料显示，1849年， 27岁的塔布曼遇到一名帮助奴隶逃亡的“地下铁路”的“代理人”，这名代理人帮她逃到宾夕法尼亚州的费城，得到自由

　　Abolition⁶: Tubman became an abolitionist, returning to the South to lead dozens of slaves to freedom along the Underground Railroad.

　　废奴：塔布曼成为废奴主义者，她回到南方带领数十名奴隶沿着“地下铁路”通向自由

　　Nickname: Earned the nickname “Moses” for leading so many slaves to freedom in the North.

　　绰号：由于带领那么多奴隶逃往北方，她赢得了“摩西”的绰号

　　Underground Railroad: A secret network of routes, private homes and other hiding places that helped fugitive¹⁶ slaves escape the South and flee to Northern states and Canada, where slavery was outlawed¹⁷.

　　地下铁路：一个由各种路线、私人住所和其他避难场所构成的秘密网络，用来帮助奴隶逃出南方，前往禁奴的美国北方和加拿大

　　American Civil War: Tubman later worked as a nurse, scout¹⁸ and spy for the Union army during the Civil War.

　　美国内战：塔布曼后来在内战期间是北方联军的护士、侦察员和间谍

　　Died: March 10, 1913, at age 91. She was buried with military honors at Fort Hill Cemetery¹⁹ in Auburn, New York.

　　逝世：塔布曼于1913年3月10日去世，享年91岁;她被安葬在纽约州奥本市的福特堡公墓，葬礼享受军人葬礼待遇

　　Slavery: The U.S. abolished slavery in 1865.

　　奴隶制：美国1865年废除奴隶制

1 aluminium   

n.铝 (=aluminum)

参考例句：

• Aluminium looks heavy but actually it is very light.铝看起来很重，实际上却很轻。
• If necessary, we can use aluminium instead of steel.如果必要，我们可用铝代钢。

2 harry   

vt.掠夺，蹂躏，使苦恼

参考例句：

• Today,people feel more hurried and harried.今天，人们感到更加忙碌和苦恼。
• Obama harried business by Healthcare Reform plan.奥巴马用医改掠夺了商界。

3 hardy   

adj.勇敢的，果断的，吃苦的；耐寒的

参考例句：

• The kind of plant is a hardy annual.这种植物是耐寒的一年生植物。
• He is a hardy person.他是一个能吃苦耐劳的人。

4 Fahrenheit   

n./adj.华氏温度；华氏温度计(的)

参考例句：

• He was asked for the boiling point of water in Fahrenheit.他被问到水的沸点是华氏多少度。
• The thermometer reads 80 degrees Fahrenheit.寒暑表指出华氏80度。

5 Celsius   

adj.摄氏温度计的，摄氏的

参考例句：

• The temperature tonight will fall to seven degrees Celsius.今晚气温将下降到七摄氏度。
• The maximum temperature in July may be 36 degrees Celsius.七月份最高温度可能达到36摄氏度。

6 abolition   

n.废除，取消

参考例句：

• They declared for the abolition of slavery.他们声明赞成废除奴隶制度。
• The abolition of the monarchy was part of their price.废除君主制是他们的其中一部分条件。

7 humanitarian   

n.人道主义者，博爱者，基督凡人论者

参考例句：

• She has many humanitarian interests and contributes a lot to them.她拥有很多慈善事业，并作了很大的贡献。
• The British government has now suspended humanitarian aid to the area.英国政府现已暂停对这一地区的人道主义援助。

8 jack   

n.插座，千斤顶，男人；v.抬起，提醒，扛举；n.（Jake）杰克

参考例句：

• I am looking for the headphone jack.我正在找寻头戴式耳机插孔。
• He lifted the car with a jack to change the flat tyre.他用千斤顶把车顶起来换下瘪轮胎。

9 treasury   

n.宝库；国库，金库；文库

参考例句：

• The Treasury was opposed in principle to the proposals.财政部原则上反对这些提案。
• This book is a treasury of useful information.这本书是有价值的信息宝库。

10 migration   

n.迁移，移居，（鸟类等的）迁徙

参考例句：

• Swallows begin their migration south in autumn.燕子在秋季开始向南方迁移。
• He described the vernal migration of birds in detail.他详细地描述了鸟的春季移居。

11 brutal   

adj.残忍的，野蛮的，不讲理的

参考例句：

• She has to face the brutal reality.她不得不去面对冷酷的现实。
• They're brutal people behind their civilised veneer.他们表面上温文有礼，骨子里却是野蛮残忍。

12 seizures   

n.起获( seizure的名词复数 )；没收；充公；起获的赃物

参考例句：

• Seizures of illicit drugs have increased by 30% this year. 今年违禁药品的扣押增长了30%。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• Other causes of unconsciousness predisposing to aspiration lung abscess are convulsive seizures. 造成吸入性肺脓肿昏迷的其他原因，有惊厥发作。 来自辞典例句

13 devout   

adj.虔诚的，虔敬的，衷心的 (n.devoutness)

参考例句：

• His devout Catholicism appeals to ordinary people.他对天主教的虔诚信仰感染了普通民众。
• The devout man prayed daily.那位虔诚的男士每天都祈祷。

14 Christian   

adj.基督教徒的；n.基督教徒

参考例句：

• They always addressed each other by their Christian name.他们总是以教名互相称呼。
• His mother is a sincere Christian.他母亲是个虔诚的基督教徒。

15 suffrage   

n.投票，选举权，参政权

参考例句：

• The question of woman suffrage sets them at variance.妇女参政的问题使他们发生争执。
• The voters gave their suffrage to him.投票人都投票选他。

16 fugitive   

adj.逃亡的，易逝的；n.逃犯，逃亡者

参考例句：

• The police were able to deduce where the fugitive was hiding.警方成功地推断出那逃亡者躲藏的地方。
• The fugitive is believed to be headed for the border.逃犯被认为在向国境线逃窜。

17 outlawed   

宣布…为不合法（outlaw的过去式与过去分词形式）

参考例句：

• Most states have outlawed the use of marijuana. 大多数州都宣布使用大麻为非法行为。
• I hope the sale of tobacco will be outlawed someday. 我希望有朝一日烟草制品会禁止销售。

18 scout   

n.童子军，侦察员；v.侦察，搜索

参考例句：

• He was mistaken for an enemy scout and badly wounded.他被误认为是敌人的侦察兵，受了重伤。
• The scout made a stealthy approach to the enemy position.侦察兵偷偷地靠近敌军阵地。

19 cemetery   

n.坟墓，墓地，坟场

参考例句：

• He was buried in the cemetery.他被葬在公墓。
• His remains were interred in the cemetery.他的遗体葬在墓地。