2013年1月19日雅思阅读机经[A类]

 

考试日期：	2013年1月19日
Reading Passage 1
Title:	欧洲印刷术
Question types:	TRUE/FALSE/NOT GIVEN Match people with opinion Summary Completion
文章内容回顾	欧洲印刷术的历史
英文原文阅读	The techniques of printing were developed in Europe by craftsmen1 ignorant of these advances in the Far East. As in China, the earliest printing took the form of illustrated2 sheets printed from carved wooden blocks (known as woodblock printing). These illustrations were largely religious in nature, simple in design, and meant to be coloured by hand, and were made by largely anonymous3 craftsmen, and very few examples have survived.   The development of printing took a dramatic step forward thanks to the technological4 advances made by Johan Gutenberg, a Goldsmith working in Mainz, Germany, in the middle of the 15th century. His revolutionary idea was to use metal to cast each letter individually as a piece of ‘type’, so that a number of individual pieces (or letters) would be fitted together to make up a word, sentence, paragraph, and eventually an entire text or book. Once the printing had been finished, the type could be broken up from its settings, and re-used to print another book. This invention of ‘moveable’ (and re-useable) type enabled printing to become a viable5 economic alternative to making books by hand (known as manuscripts). Gutenberg’s invention produced what is regarded as a landmark6 in the history of printing, and of western civilisation7: an edition of the Bible in Latin, known as the Gutenberg Bible (or sometimes as the 42-line Bible, as each page is made up of 42 lines of type). It was made at his workshop in Mainz between 1453 and 1455, and was certainly complete by 1456. It consists of over 1,300 large pages, in two volumes, and although we do not know exactly how many copies were originally produced, we do know that 180 were offered for sale, and that forty-eight copies survive today, about twenty of them complete. The book was printed with two-colours, black and red, and was produced to an exceptionally high standard, even more so considering the experimental processes which must have been required to achieve any kind of result.
题型难度分析	第一篇的题型从难度来看，细节配对的难度不是很大，而摘要题和是非无判断题相对而言也较为简单，文章定位也比较容易，所以第一篇的难度不是很大。
题型技巧分析	TRUE/FALSE/NOT GIVEN YES/NO/NOT GIVEN 1. 答案写法 若要求写TRUE, 却写成：T ( × ) true ( × ) True ( × ) YES ( × ) 2. 题目在原文出现的位置：顺序原则 3. 考点：即题目中可能说错的部分 4. 定位词（排除考点）： 专有名词、术语、物质名词 时间、数字 归纳句子是关于哪方面信息的（即为定位词或短语） 5. 判断T/Y的情况：1） 同义、近义替换 2） 归纳总结 6. 判断F/N的情况：100% 否认原文 7. 判断NG的情况：根据原文无法100%判断题目T/F（不可利用常识）
剑桥雅思推荐原文练习	剑4 Test 2

Reading Passage 2
Title:	Engineering and Art
Question types:	Which paragraph contains the following information Summary Completion Matching people with opinions
文章内容回顾	绘画艺术与工程铸造
题型难度分析	这篇文章的难度较高，除了段落细节配对和填空题之外，还有人名观点配对题，双配对题及话题的陌生使得这篇文章的难度非常高。
题型技巧分析	Detail Matching细节配对题 分类： 人/物体/地点/时间&特点/描述/事件 人名→理论 段落→具体信息 特点：1） A: 当题目为专有名词、术语或物质名词时，题目一般遵循顺序原则 B: 当题目不是专有名词、术语或物质名词，而选项是时，题目一般不遵循顺序原则 2）答案是否会重复使用？取决于NB 3）做题方法： A: 当题目为专有名词、术语或物质名词时，根据题目在原文定位，理解原文对应内容并选出答案（着重考察对文章的理解） B: 当题目不是专有名词、术语或物质名词，而选项是时，在文章中把选项中所有的专有名词、术语或物质名词划出，然后在题目中划定位词在文章中定位。 注意：结构阅读法的运用 若某1、2题做不出来，可先做后面题目，然后再返回来做
剑桥雅思推荐原文练习	剑4 Test 2

Reading Passage 3
Title:	水中加氟
Question types:	YES/NO/NOT GIVEN Matching Multiple Choice
文章内容回顾	饮用水加氟的利弊。由一个放在水里能治牙病的东西延伸开来的，谈论了科学家正面反面的观点，社会学家对科学家观点的看法，作者对这些观点的总结等等。
题型难度分析	本篇文章还是以细节题作为主打题型，难度相对而言较高。
题型技巧分析	单选   1. 题目在原文中出现的位置？：顺序原则 2. 做题方法： 1）当题目中给出具体定位信息时： 根据题干定位题目在文章中位置，然后把选项和原文内容做比较，排除法选答案。 2）当题目中没有提供具体定位信息时 在选项中划定位词，在文章中定位挨个排除。
剑桥雅思推荐原文练习	剑8 Test 4
考试趋势分析和备考指导：   本次雅思阅读考试延续了2013年前两次考试的特点，三篇文章均考到细节配对题。由于这种题型的无序特点，大大增加了考生们的定位难度，因此本次考试虽然没有出现难度较大的heading题，但是难度依然很大。很多考生抱怨“难到逆天”。 2013年后续的雅思阅读考试中，细节配对题将依然占主流，是非无判断居第二位，建议考生们在重点关注细节配对和是非无判断的同时，也关注摘要，选择，标题配对题和送分题的做题技巧。 另外，技巧只能是“锦上添花”，而非“雪中送炭”，因此建议考生们还是把基础打牢，熟悉阅读高频词，并且熟练长句短读的技能，同时利用阅读机经，扩大自己的知识面，这样才能获得理想的成绩。

1 craftsmen   

n. 技工

参考例句：

• rugs handmade by local craftsmen 由当地工艺师手工制作的小地毯
• The craftsmen have ensured faithful reproduction of the original painting. 工匠保证要复制一幅最接近原作的画。

2 illustrated   

adj. 有插图的，列举的 动词illustrate的过去式和过去分词

参考例句：

• His lecture was illustrated with slides taken during the expedition. 他在讲演中使用了探险时拍摄到的幻灯片。
• The manufacturing Methods: Will be illustrated in the next chapter. 制作方法将在下一章说明。

3 anonymous   

adj.无名的；匿名的；无特色的

参考例句：

• Sending anonymous letters is a cowardly act.寄匿名信是懦夫的行为。
• The author wishes to remain anonymous.作者希望姓名不公开。

4 technological   

adj.技术的；工艺的

参考例句：

• A successful company must keep up with the pace of technological change.一家成功的公司必须得跟上技术变革的步伐。
• Today,the pace of life is increasing with technological advancements.当今， 随着科技进步，生活节奏不断增快。

5 viable   

adj.可行的，切实可行的，能活下去的

参考例句：

• The scheme is economically viable.这个计划从经济效益来看是可行的。
• The economy of the country is not viable.这个国家经济是难以维持的。

6 landmark   

n.陆标，划时代的事，地界标

参考例句：

• The Russian Revolution represents a landmark in world history.俄国革命是世界历史上的一个里程碑。
• The tower was once a landmark for ships.这座塔曾是船只的陆标。

7 civilisation   

n.文明，文化，开化，教化

参考例句：

• Energy and ideas are the twin bases of our civilisation.能源和思想是我们文明的两大基石。
• This opera is one of the cultural totems of Western civilisation.这部歌剧是西方文明的文化标志物之一。