2012年11月24日雅思阅读机经[A类]

 

考试日期：	2012年11月24日
Reading Passage 1
Title:	Russian Ballet
Question types:	TRUE/FALSE/NOT GIVEN; Table Completion
文章内容回顾	俄国芭蕾舞发展史
题型难度分析	第一篇的题型是非无判断题难度并不大，但是需要考生细心关注答案的写法，很多考生把TRUE/FALSE又写成YES/NO。第二题表格题为送分题，因此第一篇文章的难度不大。
题型技巧分析	TRUE/FALSE/NOT GIVEN OR YES/NO/NOT GIVEN 1. 答案写法： 若要求写TRUE, 却写成：T ( × ) true ( × ) True ( × ) YES ( × ) 2. 题目在原文出现的位置：顺序原则 3. 考点：即题目中可能说错的部分 4. 定位词（排除考点）： 专有名词、术语、物质名词 时间、数字 归纳句子是关于哪方面信息的（即为定位词或短语） 5. 判断T/Y的情况：1） 同义、近义替换 2） 归纳总结 6. 判断F/N的情况：100%否认原文 7. 判断NG的情况：根据原文无法100%判断题目T/F（不可利用常识）
剑桥雅思推荐原文练习	剑6 Test 3

 

Reading Passage 2
Title:	Aquaculture in New Zealand
Question types:	Summary Completion; Matching people with opinions; Multiple Choice
文章内容回顾	新西兰关于海洋新物种培育的影响
英文原文阅读	Aquaculture is the general term given to the cultivation1 of any fresh or salt water plant or animal. It takes place in New Zealand in coastal2 marine3 areas (mariculture) and in inland tanks or enclosures. Aquaculture in New Zealand currently (2008) occupies 14,188 ha. Of that area, 7,713 ha is in established growing areas and is owned by the aquaculture industry, 4,010 ha is used to enhance the wild scallop fishery and belongs to the Challenger Scallop Enhancement Company,[6] and 2,465 ha is an exposed site six kilometres offshore4 from Napier where trials are being undertaken by a private company to test the site’s economic viability5. In 2005 the aquaculture industry provided direct employment for about 2,500 full time equivalents, mostly in the processing sector6. A similar amount of indirect employment resulted from flow-on effects. The aquaculture industry is important for some coastal areas around New Zealand where there is limited employment. This applies particularly to some Māori communities with traditional links to coastal settlements. Marine aquaculture, mariculture, occurs in the sea, generally in sheltered bays along the coast. In New Zealand, about 70 percent of marine aquaculture occurs in the top of the South Island. In the North Island, the Firth of Thames is productive. Marine farmers usually look for sheltered and unpolluted waters rich in nutrients7. Often these areas are also desirable for other purposes. In the late 1990s, demand for coastal aquaculture space upsurged, increasing fivefold.[18] Aquaculture consents developed haphazardly8, with regional councils unsure about how marine farms might impact coastal environments. By 2001, some councils were inundated9 with marine farm applications, and were operating with inadequate10 guidelines for sustainably managing the coast.[19] As the Ministry11 for the Environment put it: "Attempts to minimise local or cumulative12 environmental effects resulted in bottlenecks13, delays and high costs in processing applications for new marine farms, local moratoria, submitter fatigue14 and poor environmental outcomes. Marine farmers, local communities, and the government wanted change." In 2002, the government stopped issuing consents for more new marine farms while they reformed the legislation. The consents had operated under a system overseen15 by both the Ministry of Fisheries and the regional councils. The reforms aimed to streamline16 these applications for both freshwater and marine farms. Industry farmers objected to the moratorium17, on the grounds that delaying expansion and diversification18 could not be in the interest of the industry. Māori groups considered they were especially affected19 since they were the main applicants20 for coastal farms. This took three years, and in early 2005, Parliament passed the Aquaculture Reform Act 2004, which introduced the new legislation. The act amends21 five existing acts to cope with the new environmental demands, and creates two new acts, the Māori Commercial Aquaculture Claims Settlement Act 2004 and the Aquaculture Reform (Repeals and Transitional Provisions) Act 2004.[20] The legislation and administration of aquaculture in New Zealand is complex for such a small industry. A more comprehensive overview22 can be found here. Aquaculture is administered in New Zealand through labyrinth23 bureaucracies, with consequent diluted24 responsibilities. No single ministerial portfolio25 or government agency is responsible. As an example, in 2007 the government released a strategy on aquaculture. This strategy was endorsed26 by six government ministers with the following portfolios27: fisheries, environment, conservation, local government, Māori affairs, industry and regional development. Further, there were five government departments directly involved in the preparation of the strategy. As another example, the access to marine and freshwater aquaculture sites are under the control of 17 regional local government agencies with yet more oversight28 by various central government agencies. Despite many further consultations29 and incentives30, no new aquaculture space was created under the new legislation for another four years. This coincided with a change in government at the end of 2008, which announced that the aquaculture reforms are to be overhauled31.
题型难度分析	这篇文章的难度比第一篇的难度要高，出现了人名观点配对题，而配对题无序的特点增加了这篇文章的难度。
题型技巧分析	Detail Matching 细节配对题 分类： 人/物体/地点/时间&特点/描述/事件 人名→理论 段落→具体信息 特点： 1）A: 当题目为专有名词、术语或物质名词时，题目一般遵循顺序原则 B: 当题目不是专有名词、术语或物质名词，而选项是时，题目一般不遵循顺序原则 2）答案是否会重复使用？取决于NB 3）做题方法： A: 当题目为专有名词、术语或物质名词时，根据题目在原文定位，理解原文对应内容并选出答案（着重考察对文章的理解） B: 当题目不是专有名词、术语或物质名词，而选项是时，在文章中把选项中所有的专有名词、术语或物质名词划出，然后在题目中划定位词在文章中定位。 注意：结构阅读法的运用 若某1、2题做不出来，可先做后面题目，然后再返回来做。
剑桥雅思推荐原文练习	剑4 Test 2 剑7 Test 4

 

Reading Passage 3
Title:	Talent
Question types:	Heading; Short-answer Questions; TRUE/FALSE/NOT GIVEN
文章内容回顾	讲公司考核员工主要的依据，talents, 文章批判了传统的观点（才能是与生俱来的，是不变的，是需要公司去发现的）。文章先用一段肯定了有才能的人的存在，然后分段讲到，才能是随时间变化的，是不能被精确度量的，是可以凭努力换来的。
题型难度分析	标题配对题的出现使得本篇文章难度最高，虽然有简答题这种送分题，但很多考生依然最后一篇没有做完。
题型技巧分析	Heading 标题配对题 1. 题目位置（文章前） 2. 答案可以/不可以重复使用？ 3. 捷径 A: 仅读每段的第1、2句，准确率20%-100% B: 在heading 选项中划定位词在文章段落中定位，准确率60%-100% 4. 方法: 无词阅读法 只见森林不见树木 About what/whom e.g.: Water is the giver and taker of life. It covers most of the surface of the planet on which we live and features large in the development of human race. 做题步骤: 1). 读懂段落的第一、二句 2). 略读其他句子，理清句子之间的逻辑关系 A: 其他句子解释说明第一、二句 Heading根据第1、2句归纳 B: 出现转折词或相应表达，把思路逆转 Heading根据转折后的内容归纳 C: 附加新的信息 找信息之间的共同点 D: 最后一句总结前文
剑桥雅思推荐原文练习	剑8 Test 3
考试趋势分析和备考指导： 本次雅思阅读考试中“人见人烦”的配对题出现的量不是很多，而是非无判断题的量较多。接下来的雅思阅读考试中将会继续“判断题和细节配对题依然保持主流题型，而送分题也会不断出现”这一特点。 应对策略：考生要特别注意每一种题型的复习，尤其要重视主流题型的复习，另外送分题型也要注意其考试特点。同时，题型技巧只是一个方面，技巧只能“锦上添花”，而无法“雪中送炭”，因此更重要的是考生们自己语言实力的提高。

1 cultivation   

n.耕作，培养，栽培（法），养成

参考例句：

• The cultivation in good taste is our main objective.培养高雅情趣是我们的主要目标。
• The land is not fertile enough to repay cultivation.这块土地不够肥沃，不值得耕种。

2 coastal   

adj.海岸的，沿海的，沿岸的

参考例句：

• The ocean waves are slowly eating away the coastal rocks.大海的波浪慢慢地侵蚀着岸边的岩石。
• This country will fortify the coastal areas.该国将加强沿海地区的防御。

3 marine   

adj.海的；海生的；航海的；海事的；n.水兵

参考例句：

• Marine creatures are those which live in the sea. 海洋生物是生存在海里的生物。
• When the war broke out,he volunteered for the Marine Corps.战争爆发时，他自愿参加了海军陆战队。

4 offshore   

adj.海面的，吹向海面的；adv.向海面

参考例句：

• A big program of oil exploration has begun offshore.一个大规模的石油勘探计划正在近海展开。
• A gentle current carried them slowly offshore.和缓的潮流慢慢地把他们带离了海岸。

5 viability   

n.存活(能力)

参考例句：

• What is required to achieve or maintain such viability? 要达到或维持这种生存能力需要什么？
• Scientists are experimenting to find ways to ensure the viability of seeds for even longer periods of time. 正如我们所说，科学家正在试验努力寻找让种子的生命力更加延长的方法。

6 sector   

n.部门，部分；防御地段，防区；扇形

参考例句：

• The export sector will aid the economic recovery. 出口产业将促进经济复苏。
• The enemy have attacked the British sector.敌人已进攻英国防区。

7 nutrients   

n.（食品或化学品）营养物，营养品( nutrient的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• a lack of essential nutrients 基本营养的缺乏
• Nutrients are absorbed into the bloodstream. 营养素被吸收进血液。 来自《简明英汉词典》

8 haphazardly   

adv.偶然地，随意地，杂乱地

参考例句：

• The books were placed haphazardly on the shelf. 书籍乱七八糟地堆放在书架上。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• It is foolish to haphazardly adventure. 随便冒险是愚蠢的。 来自《现代英汉综合大词典》

9 inundated   

v.淹没( inundate的过去式和过去分词 )；（洪水般地）涌来；充满；给予或交予（太多事物）使难以应付

参考例句：

• We have been inundated with offers of help. 主动援助多得使我们应接不暇。
• We have been inundated with every bit of information imaginable. 凡是想得到的各种各样的信息潮水般地向我们涌来。 来自《简明英汉词典》

10 inadequate   

adj.(for,to)不充足的，不适当的

参考例句：

• The supply is inadequate to meet the demand.供不应求。
• She was inadequate to the demands that were made on her.她还无力满足对她提出的各项要求。

11 ministry   

n.(政府的)部；牧师

参考例句：

• They sent a deputation to the ministry to complain.他们派了一个代表团到部里投诉。
• We probed the Air Ministry statements.我们调查了空军部的记录。

12 cumulative   

adj.累积的，渐增的

参考例句：

• This drug has a cumulative effect.这种药有渐增的效力。
• The benefits from eating fish are cumulative.吃鱼的好处要长期才能显现。

13 bottlenecks   

n.瓶颈( bottleneck的名词复数 )；瓶颈路段（常引起交通堵塞）；（尤指工商业发展的）瓶颈；阻碍

参考例句：

• Roadworks are causing bottlenecks in the city centre. 道路施工导致市中心交通阻塞。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• At five o'clock in the afternoon the city streets are a series of bottlenecks. 下午五点市中心的街道就成了拥挤不堪的窄路。 来自《现代英汉综合大词典》

14 fatigue   

n.疲劳，劳累

参考例句：

• The old lady can't bear the fatigue of a long journey.这位老妇人不能忍受长途旅行的疲劳。
• I have got over my weakness and fatigue.我已从虚弱和疲劳中恢复过来了。

15 overseen   

v.监督，监视( oversee的过去分词 )

参考例句：

• He was overseen stealing the letters. 他被人撞见在偷信件。 来自辞典例句
• It will be overseen by ThomasLi, director of IBM China Research Laboratory. 该实验室由IBM中国研究院院长李实恭(ThomasLi)引导。 来自互联网

16 streamline   

vt.使成流线型；使简化；使现代化

参考例句：

• We must streamline our methods.我们必须简化方法。
• Any liquid or gas passing it will have streamline flow.任何通过它的液体或气体将呈流线型的流动。

17 moratorium   

n.(行动、活动的)暂停(期)，延期偿付

参考例句：

• The government has called for a moratorium on weapons testing.政府已要求暂停武器试验。
• We recommended a moratorium on two particular kinds of experiments.我们建议暂禁两种特殊的实验。

18 diversification   

n.变化，多样化；多种经营

参考例句：

• The seminar was to discuss diversification of agriculture. 该研讨会讨论的是农业多种经营。 来自辞典例句
• Firm diversification is increasingly achieved by the means of takeover and merger. 通过接管和兼并，厂商经营范围日益多样化。 来自辞典例句

19 affected   

adj.不自然的，假装的

参考例句：

• She showed an affected interest in our subject.她假装对我们的课题感到兴趣。
• His manners are affected.他的态度不自然。

20 applicants   

申请人，求职人( applicant的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• There were over 500 applicants for the job. 有500多人申请这份工作。
• He was impressed by the high calibre of applicants for the job. 求职人员出色的能力给他留下了深刻印象。

21 amends   

n. 赔偿

参考例句：

• He made amends for his rudeness by giving her some flowers. 他送给她一些花，为他自己的鲁莽赔罪。
• This country refuses stubbornly to make amends for its past war crimes. 该国顽固地拒绝为其过去的战争罪行赔罪。

22 overview   

n.概观，概述

参考例句：

• The opening chapter gives a brief historical overview of transport.第一章是运输史的简要回顾。
• The seminar aims to provide an overview on new media publishing.研讨会旨在综览新兴的媒体出版。

23 labyrinth   

n.迷宫；难解的事物；迷路

参考例句：

• He wandered through the labyrinth of the alleyways.他在迷宫似的小巷中闲逛。
• The human mind is a labyrinth.人的心灵是一座迷宫。

24 diluted   

无力的，冲淡的

参考例句：

• The paint can be diluted with water to make a lighter shade. 这颜料可用水稀释以使色度淡一些。
• This pesticide is diluted with water and applied directly to the fields. 这种杀虫剂用水稀释后直接施用在田里。

25 portfolio   

n.公事包；文件夹；大臣及部长职位

参考例句：

• He remembered her because she was carrying a large portfolio.他因为她带着一个大公文包而记住了她。
• He resigned his portfolio.他辞去了大臣职务。

26 endorsed   

vt.& vi.endorse的过去式或过去分词形式v.赞同( endorse的过去式和过去分词 )；在（尤指支票的）背面签字；在（文件的）背面写评论；在广告上说本人使用并赞同某产品

参考例句：

• The committee endorsed an initiative by the chairman to enter discussion about a possible merger. 委员会通过了主席提出的新方案，开始就可能进行的并购进行讨论。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• The government has broadly endorsed a research paper proposing new educational targets for 14-year-olds. 政府基本上支持建议对14 岁少年实行新教育目标的研究报告。 来自《简明英汉词典》

27 portfolios   

n.投资组合( portfolio的名词复数 )；（保险）业务量；（公司或机构提供的）系列产品；纸夹

参考例句：

• Price risk arises in non-trading portfolios, as well as in trading portfolios. 价格风险中出现的非贸易投资，以及在贸易投资组合。 来自互联网
• How do we fatten our portfolios and stay financially healthy? 我们怎样育肥我们的投资结构和维持财政健康呢？ 来自互联网

28 oversight   

n.勘漏，失察，疏忽

参考例句：

• I consider this a gross oversight on your part.我把这件事看作是你的一大疏忽。
• Your essay was not marked through an oversight on my part.由于我的疏忽你的文章没有打分。

29 consultations   

n.磋商（会议）( consultation的名词复数 )；商讨会；协商会；查找

参考例句：

• Consultations can be arranged at other times by appointment. 磋商可以通过预约安排在其他时间。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》
• Consultations are under way. 正在进行磋商。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》

30 incentives   

激励某人做某事的事物( incentive的名词复数 )； 刺激； 诱因； 动机

参考例句：

• tax incentives to encourage savings 鼓励储蓄的税收措施
• Furthermore, subsidies provide incentives only for investments in equipment. 更有甚者，提供津贴仅是为鼓励增添设备的投资。 来自英汉非文学 - 环境法 - 环境法

31 overhauled   

v.彻底检查( overhaul的过去式和过去分词 )；大修；赶上；超越

参考例句：

• Within a year the party had drastically overhauled its structure. 一年内这个政党已大刀阔斧地整顿了结构。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• A mechanic overhauled the car's motor with some new parts. 一个修理工对那辆汽车的发动机进行了彻底的检修，换了一些新部件。 来自《简明英汉词典》