简析雅思听力观点题的两种模式

 　　雅思听力中的观点题在我们的课本中的题型总结中未被提及，但如果细看，会发现观点题在雅思考试中也屡次出现，学生如果没有掌握解这类题的技巧，也很容易出错。观点题往往以选择题或打勾题的形式出现，要求考生对英文中表达观点的语言模式比较熟悉。总的而言，在不同的场景中，英文表达支持、中立和反对的观点会出现两种模式：

　　(1)直接表述观点

　　这种形式考生比较容易辨认，因为人物的语言自始至终是保持同一论调，考生的第一印象判断和听完后文内容的判断是一致的，所以解题不容易错。我们举例来看看这种语言模式。

　　Well, do you think people can tell you their real thoughts just through phone? Without person-to-person contact , it is unlikely for you to dig deep into their minds and unlikely to get truth.

　　考生听到第一句话时，从语言的反问语气可以判断发言者的观点是不支持的——“你认为人们会通过电话告诉你真实的想法吗?”，第二句其实是对第一句话的解释——“没有面对面的接触，你不太可能发掘他们的内心想法，不太可能知道真相”，所以观点是反对的。

　　因为大部分情况下，英文是首句中心句，段落其他部分是支持中心句的内容，所以听到首句就是主要意思，因此这种模式相对简单，但是考生也要能听出表示观点的词，比如赞成(support, be for …,go for… be on the side of…, quite agree with…) ，中立(mutual , just so so, you can try it, not the best)，反对( not good, be against…, not recommend…, better avoid …)，喜欢(be favor of, like, prefer)，一般态度(it’s ok, but…) ，不喜欢(dislike)，必须( must, it is necessary…)，依情况而定( it depends)，没必要( not necessary)，等等。

　　(2)间接表述观点

　　有的时候，发言者为了充分地表达自己的观点，或者为了使自己的观点显得不偏激，会很委婉地表述观点。比如：

　　Well, I don’t think you should start with the case study too early unless you have made full preparation or you might find you can’t meet the deadline . However, it really is the best approach you can try to get people’s response though it is somewhat time-consuming. If you think you can spare your study time, just go for it.

　　由于第一句话出现don’t think ，所以很多考生会潜意识将主体判为否定的观点。然而，转折词However 出现以后，要特别小心，因为意思上会有大的转变，这里的it really is the best approach 就是很大的一个转折， 说明发言的人是持支持的态度的。此外，最后一句话是总结性的观点，一句just go for it 非常清楚地再次表示其支持观点。

　　因此，在听观点题时不要被第一印象影响，一定要听后面的话是否有转折词，如果有，那第一印象是不准的，转折词后的内容才是判断的依据。有些情况在最后还会有总结性的表示观点的语言，那么中心意思应该在总结语言里。所以，当听到表转折的词，如however, but, nevertheless和表示总结的词，如so，那么真实的观点应在这些词之后。

　　以下举几个直接和间接表达观点的例子，以加深对此类题型的理解。

　　直接观点表达：

　　Another hazard for your back are the shock waves which travel up your spine¹ when you walk, known as heel strike . A real find for our patients has been the shock-absorbing shoe insert. A cheap but very effective solution.——支持Finally, a word about the state-of-the-art relief- the TENS machine-a small battery-powered gadget² which delivers subliminal³ electrical pulses to the skin. Our experience indicates that your money is better spent on the more old-fashioned remedies.——反对It can be useful to get special orthopaedic chairs, but remember the most important improvement should be in OUR posture⁴.——中立Though absolutely flat shoes can be a solution for some, others find their posture suffers——中立间接观点表达：

　　Through observation study, you can just watch and take notes. And you can get some unforeseeable results from people’s behavior, but it can only cover certain aspects. Therefore, you need other research method to assist it. But you can try if you want.——中立Well, I think questionnaires are very good at telling you how people fill in questionnaires, but they tell you very little else. So better avoid it.——反对Face-to-face interview can help you get people’s facial expressions and body language, through which you can identify what they genuinely have in mind. But it depends sometimes. Not everyone is willing to open his or her mind to you. ——中立

1 spine   

n.脊柱，脊椎；(动植物的)刺；书脊

参考例句：

• He broke his spine in a fall from a horse.他从马上跌下摔断了脊梁骨。
• His spine developed a slight curve.他的脊柱有点弯曲。

2 gadget   

n.小巧的机械，精巧的装置，小玩意儿

参考例句：

• This gadget isn't much good.这小机械没什么用处。
• She has invented a nifty little gadget for undoing stubborn nuts and bolts.她发明了一种灵巧的小工具用来松开紧固的螺母和螺栓。

3 subliminal   

adj.下意识的，潜意识的；太弱或太快以至于难以觉察的

参考例句：

• Maybe they're getting it on a subliminal level.也许他们会在潜意识里这么以为。
• The soft sell approach gets to consumers in a subliminal way.软广告通过潜意识的作用来影响消费者。

4 posture   

n.姿势，姿态，心态，态度；v.作出某种姿势

参考例句：

• The government adopted an uncompromising posture on the issue of independence.政府在独立这一问题上采取了毫不妥协的态度。
• He tore off his coat and assumed a fighting posture.他脱掉上衣，摆出一副打架的架势。